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ITPUB
ITPUB
Apr 29, 2026 · Backend Development

How to Rescue a System When QPS Jumps 100× in 10 Minutes

When a service experiences a sudden 100‑fold QPS surge, this guide walks through immediate emergency measures such as rate limiting, circuit breaking, and traffic shedding, followed by systematic analysis of traffic origins, robust architectural redesign including horizontal scaling, micro‑service decomposition, sharding, pooling, caching, and asynchronous processing, and finally stress testing to ensure resilience.

Circuit BreakingMicroservicescaching
0 likes · 13 min read
How to Rescue a System When QPS Jumps 100× in 10 Minutes
IT Services Circle
IT Services Circle
Dec 29, 2025 · Backend Development

Mastering Sharding: When, How, and How Much to Split Your Database

This guide walks senior backend engineers through the strategic reasoning, capacity estimation, and step‑by‑step migration techniques for sharding databases, covering when to split, choosing between partitioning, read/write splitting, or full sharding, and how to plan safe expansions.

Data MigrationPartitioningcapacity planning
0 likes · 19 min read
Mastering Sharding: When, How, and How Much to Split Your Database
Senior Brother's Insights
Senior Brother's Insights
Oct 29, 2025 · Databases

Sharding vs Partitioning: When and How to Scale Your Database

This article explains the concepts, differences, advantages, and disadvantages of database sharding and partitioning, provides practical MySQL examples for horizontal sharding by region and range partitioning, and offers guidance on choosing the right approach for scalability and maintainability.

Partitioningdata distributiondatabase scaling
0 likes · 10 min read
Sharding vs Partitioning: When and How to Scale Your Database
ITPUB
ITPUB
Jun 16, 2024 · Databases

When and How to Shard Databases: A Practical Guide to Splitting Tables and Schemas

This article explains why database sharding is needed, how to identify performance bottlenecks, and provides step‑by‑step guidance on SQL tuning, table redesign, architectural changes, and practical horizontal and vertical sharding techniques with real‑world e‑commerce examples.

Distributed Transactionsarchitecturedatabase sharding
0 likes · 13 min read
When and How to Shard Databases: A Practical Guide to Splitting Tables and Schemas
ITPUB
ITPUB
Feb 13, 2024 · Databases

Achieve Seamless Second‑Level Database Scaling for High‑Throughput Microservices

This guide explains how to design a high‑concurrency, high‑throughput internet architecture that ensures database high availability with double‑master sync and virtual IPs, and how to horizontally shard and smoothly expand the cluster in seconds using configuration changes, reloads, and cleanup steps.

Microservicesdatabaseshigh availability
0 likes · 8 min read
Achieve Seamless Second‑Level Database Scaling for High‑Throughput Microservices
macrozheng
macrozheng
Dec 6, 2023 · Databases

When and How to Implement Database Sharding and Partitioning for High‑Scale Systems

This article explains why database sharding and partitioning become necessary, outlines performance bottlenecks, presents software and hardware optimization techniques, details horizontal and vertical splitting strategies, and discusses the added complexity such as cross‑database joins, distributed transactions, and ID generation.

Distributed TransactionsSQL OptimizationTable Partitioning
0 likes · 13 min read
When and How to Implement Database Sharding and Partitioning for High‑Scale Systems
Architect's Guide
Architect's Guide
Nov 15, 2023 · Databases

Smooth 2N Database Scaling and High Availability with MariaDB, Keepalived, and Sharding

This article presents five expansion strategies—shutdown, write‑stop, log‑based, dual‑write, and smooth 2N—detailing step‑by‑step procedures for MariaDB installation, master‑master replication, dynamic data‑source configuration, and Keepalived high‑availability setup, enabling seamless horizontal scaling and minimal service disruption for large‑scale databases.

MariaDBdatabase scalinghigh availability
0 likes · 30 min read
Smooth 2N Database Scaling and High Availability with MariaDB, Keepalived, and Sharding
Architect's Guide
Architect's Guide
Jun 20, 2023 · Databases

Why and How to Perform Database Sharding and Table Partitioning

Database sharding and table partitioning are essential scaling techniques that separate data across multiple databases and tables to handle growing user volume, data size, and concurrency, with explanations of when to split, methods (horizontal vs vertical), and a comparison of popular middleware solutions.

Table Partitioningdatabase shardinghorizontal scaling
0 likes · 14 min read
Why and How to Perform Database Sharding and Table Partitioning
Wukong Talks Architecture
Wukong Talks Architecture
May 16, 2023 · Databases

Understanding Sharding: 21 Common Concepts of Database Partitioning

This article introduces the fundamental concepts of database sharding, including data fragmentation, nodes, logical and physical tables, broadcast and single tables, sharding keys, strategies, algorithms, binding tables, SQL parsing, routing, rewriting, execution, result merging, distributed primary keys, data masking, distributed transactions, migration, and shadow databases, providing a comprehensive guide for designing and operating a sharded architecture.

Broadcast TableSQL Routingbinding tables
0 likes · 19 min read
Understanding Sharding: 21 Common Concepts of Database Partitioning
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
Mar 27, 2023 · Databases

Horizontal Database Scaling Strategies and Practical Implementation with MariaDB, Keepalived, and ShardingJDBC

This article explains how to expand a sharded database from three to four nodes, compares five migration schemes—including stop‑service, stop‑write, log‑based, dual‑write, and smooth 2N approaches—and provides step‑by‑step instructions for MariaDB installation, master‑slave configuration, Keepalived high‑availability setup, and dynamic data‑source integration using ShardingJDBC.

MariaDBShardingJDBCdatabase sharding
0 likes · 33 min read
Horizontal Database Scaling Strategies and Practical Implementation with MariaDB, Keepalived, and ShardingJDBC
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Mar 22, 2023 · Databases

Scaling an Airline Ticket Order Database: From Monolith to 64‑Shard Sharding

The article details how a rapidly growing airline ticket order system was re‑architected by identifying performance bottlenecks, applying vertical and horizontal sharding, optimizing cache layers, implementing dual‑write mechanisms, and planning a phased migration to achieve ten‑fold QPS growth while reducing resource usage and operational risk.

Distributed SystemsDual Writecache optimization
0 likes · 38 min read
Scaling an Airline Ticket Order Database: From Monolith to 64‑Shard Sharding
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Nov 21, 2022 · Databases

How to Achieve Seamless Horizontal Scaling with 2N Expansion and Keepalived

This guide explains how to scale a sharded database horizontally by adding new nodes, handling data migration with stop‑service, stop‑write, log‑based, dual‑write, and smooth 2N strategies, and implementing high‑availability using MariaDB double‑master replication and Keepalived, complete with configuration examples and code snippets.

Data MigrationMariaDBhigh availability
0 likes · 35 min read
How to Achieve Seamless Horizontal Scaling with 2N Expansion and Keepalived
Architect's Guide
Architect's Guide
Nov 11, 2022 · Databases

Database Sharding: Table Partitioning, Horizontal and Vertical Splitting, and Implementation with Sharding-JDBC and Mycat

This article explains why high‑concurrency big‑data systems need database sharding, describes table‑level partitioning methods (modulus and range), shows how to implement them with MySQL and Java code, compares vertical and horizontal database splitting, and evaluates middleware solutions such as Sharding‑JDBC and Mycat.

database partitioninghorizontal scalingjava
0 likes · 11 min read
Database Sharding: Table Partitioning, Horizontal and Vertical Splitting, and Implementation with Sharding-JDBC and Mycat
Su San Talks Tech
Su San Talks Tech
Jul 21, 2022 · Databases

Mastering Database Sharding: When and How to Split Databases and Tables

This article explains the three aspects of database sharding—database‑only, table‑only, and both—detailing when to apply each, how to choose sharding keys, common algorithms, ID generation strategies, available open‑source tools, and the new challenges introduced by sharding.

ID generationVertical Scalingdatabase partitioning
0 likes · 16 min read
Mastering Database Sharding: When and How to Split Databases and Tables
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jun 30, 2022 · Databases

Database Sharding and Partitioning Strategies with Practical Implementation

This article explains why high‑traffic systems need database sharding, compares table‑level and database‑level partitioning methods, presents concrete MySQL table‑creation scripts and Java service code, and discusses the advantages, drawbacks, and common middleware solutions such as Sharding‑JDBC and Mycat.

MycatSharding-JDBCTable Partitioning
0 likes · 12 min read
Database Sharding and Partitioning Strategies with Practical Implementation
Ctrip Technology
Ctrip Technology
Jun 9, 2022 · Databases

Ctrip Order Database Architecture Optimization and Sharding Case Study

This article details Ctrip's comprehensive redesign of its airline ticket order database, covering the background performance bottlenecks, vertical and hot‑cold data splitting, sharding key selection, multi‑level caching, cross‑shard query optimization, dual‑write mechanisms, fault‑tolerance strategies, project planning, and the resulting improvements in scalability and cost.

Dual Writedatabase shardingfault tolerance
0 likes · 37 min read
Ctrip Order Database Architecture Optimization and Sharding Case Study
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
May 19, 2022 · Operations

Designing High‑Availability Stateless Services: Redundancy, Load Balancing, Scaling, and Monitoring

The article explains how to build highly available stateless services by using redundant deployment, vertical and horizontal scaling, appropriate load‑balancing algorithms, monitoring, and automated recovery, and also discusses high‑concurrency identification, CDN/OSS usage, and practical recommendations for cloud‑native environments.

Vertical Scalinghigh availabilityhorizontal scaling
0 likes · 11 min read
Designing High‑Availability Stateless Services: Redundancy, Load Balancing, Scaling, and Monitoring
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Apr 9, 2022 · Cloud Native

Mastering AKF: X‑Y‑Z Axis Splits to Eliminate Single‑Point Failures in Microservices

The article explains how to address single‑point failures, limited capacity, and performance bottlenecks when scaling a single‑node service by introducing the AKF microservice design principle—X‑axis horizontal replication, Y‑axis functional separation, and Z‑axis data‑driven partitioning—detailing each split type with diagrams and practical considerations.

AKF principleBackend ArchitectureData Partitioning
0 likes · 5 min read
Mastering AKF: X‑Y‑Z Axis Splits to Eliminate Single‑Point Failures in Microservices
Top Architect
Top Architect
Mar 16, 2022 · Databases

Comprehensive Guide to Database Sharding: Vertical & Horizontal Partitioning, Global ID Generation, and Distributed Transaction Challenges

This article explains the concepts, methods, advantages, and drawbacks of database sharding, covering vertical and horizontal partitioning, sharding rules, global primary key generation, distributed transaction issues, cross‑node queries, pagination, data migration, and practical case studies, with code examples and diagrams.

Distributed TransactionsGlobal ID Generationdatabase partitioning
0 likes · 24 min read
Comprehensive Guide to Database Sharding: Vertical & Horizontal Partitioning, Global ID Generation, and Distributed Transaction Challenges
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Mar 13, 2022 · Databases

Designing Scalable Systems for Billions of Users: Architecture, Scaling, and Database Strategies

This article explains how to evolve a simple single‑server web application into a highly available, horizontally scalable system by introducing DNS routing, vertical and horizontal scaling, load‑balancing, database replication, sharding, denormalization, SQL/NoSQL choices, caching, CDN, and GeoDNS techniques.

ScalabilityVertical Scalingcaching
0 likes · 18 min read
Designing Scalable Systems for Billions of Users: Architecture, Scaling, and Database Strategies
vivo Internet Technology
vivo Internet Technology
Oct 20, 2021 · Databases

Database Sharding Strategies: Common Approaches, Pitfalls, and Best Practices

Effective MySQL sharding requires sustainable, low‑skew designs, favoring hash‑based methods with proper coprime counts, two‑stage partitioning, routing tables, or consistent hashing, while supporting expansion via doubling or flexible consistent‑hash growth to avoid hot spots and uneven data distribution.

Data PartitioningHash Shardingbackend-development
0 likes · 23 min read
Database Sharding Strategies: Common Approaches, Pitfalls, and Best Practices
Shopee Tech Team
Shopee Tech Team
Aug 26, 2021 · Databases

Database Architecture Evolution and Sharding Practice in Shopee's Logistics Service

Shopee’s Logistics Channel Service migrated from a shared‑cluster MySQL setup to dedicated clusters, added TiDB for transient tracking data, and ultimately adopted hash‑based sharding with separate order and tracking services plus an asynchronous compensation mechanism, enabling uniform data distribution, cross‑database consistency, six‑month archiving, and scalable growth without rebalancing.

Database ArchitectureDistributed SystemsTiDB
0 likes · 18 min read
Database Architecture Evolution and Sharding Practice in Shopee's Logistics Service
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Aug 3, 2021 · Industry Insights

How to Split Complex Systems and Evolve Architecture for Scalable Micro‑services

The article examines why growing business complexity and throughput demands necessitate system decomposition and architectural evolution, detailing horizontal scaling, vertical and business splitting, database partitioning strategies, cache and index integration, remote service data sourcing, and asynchronous messaging to achieve scalable, robust micro‑service‑based solutions.

MicroservicesSystem Architectureasynchronous messaging
0 likes · 9 min read
How to Split Complex Systems and Evolve Architecture for Scalable Micro‑services
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jun 10, 2021 · Cloud Native

Designing High‑Availability Stateless Services: Load Balancing, Scaling, and Deployment Strategies

This article explains how to achieve high availability for stateless services by employing redundancy, vertical and horizontal scaling, various load‑balancing algorithms (random, round‑robin, weighted, least‑connections, source‑hash), and automatic scaling techniques in cloud‑native environments, while also covering performance monitoring and CDN/OSS usage.

Auto ScalingCloud NativeVertical Scaling
0 likes · 10 min read
Designing High‑Availability Stateless Services: Load Balancing, Scaling, and Deployment Strategies
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Mar 11, 2021 · Databases

Combine Hash and Range Sharding to Prevent Hotspots Without Data Migration

This article explains how to split large-scale database tables using vertical and horizontal partitioning, compares hash-modulo and range-based sharding, and proposes a hybrid approach that leverages both methods to balance data distribution, avoid hotspot issues, and eliminate the need for costly data migrations during scaling.

Data MigrationHash ShardingRange Sharding
0 likes · 13 min read
Combine Hash and Range Sharding to Prevent Hotspots Without Data Migration
DevOps Cloud Academy
DevOps Cloud Academy
Mar 1, 2021 · Cloud Computing

Why Moving to the Cloud Is Not Just a Simple Lift‑and‑Shift: Lessons on Elasticity, Stateless Design, and Architecture

The article explains that migrating legacy monolithic systems to the cloud is far from a simple lift‑and‑shift, highlighting the pitfalls of inflexible on‑premise infrastructure, the importance of horizontal scaling, stateless application design, micro‑service decomposition, and asynchronous communication to fully leverage cloud elasticity and cost efficiency.

AsynchronousMicroservicesarchitecture
0 likes · 11 min read
Why Moving to the Cloud Is Not Just a Simple Lift‑and‑Shift: Lessons on Elasticity, Stateless Design, and Architecture
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jan 10, 2021 · Backend Development

How to Split Complex Systems and Evolve Architecture for Scalability

The article explains why growing business complexity and throughput demands force system decomposition and architectural upgrades, detailing horizontal scaling, vertical and business splitting, database sharding, caching strategies, and the evolution from monolithic to micro‑service structures.

MicroservicesSystem Architecturecaching
0 likes · 8 min read
How to Split Complex Systems and Evolve Architecture for Scalability
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jan 4, 2021 · Backend Development

System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling, Decoupling, and Performance Optimization

The article explains how increasing business complexity and throughput demands drive system splitting, architectural evolution, and the adoption of scaling, sharding, caching, and asynchronous messaging techniques to improve capacity, robustness, and maintainability of large‑scale backend services.

Microservicesarchitecture evolutionasynchronous processing
0 likes · 7 min read
System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling, Decoupling, and Performance Optimization
macrozheng
macrozheng
Oct 9, 2020 · Databases

How to Implement Database Sharding: Horizontal & Vertical Partitioning with Sharding-JDBC

This article explains the fundamentals of database sharding, covering both vertical and horizontal partitioning concepts, routing algorithms, advantages and drawbacks, practical implementation steps using sharding-jdbc, and discusses related challenges such as distributed transactions, pagination, global IDs, and tool selection.

Distributed TransactionsVertical Scalingdatabase partitioning
0 likes · 17 min read
How to Implement Database Sharding: Horizontal & Vertical Partitioning with Sharding-JDBC
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Sep 23, 2020 · Databases

How TDDL Revolutionized Database Scaling at Alibaba: Lessons from 2007

This article recounts the 2007 challenges faced by Taobao's monolithic MySQL setup and explains how the TDDL middleware introduced SQL optimization, sharding, read‑write separation, caching, and dynamic scaling to transform the system into a distributed, high‑performance database solution.

Read-Write SeparationSQL OptimizationTDDL
0 likes · 16 min read
How TDDL Revolutionized Database Scaling at Alibaba: Lessons from 2007
Xiao Lou's Tech Notes
Xiao Lou's Tech Notes
Aug 2, 2020 · Backend Development

Service Registry Guide: Concepts, Features, and Choosing Zookeeper vs Nacos

This article explains what a service registry is, outlines its essential capabilities such as high availability, horizontal scaling, health checking, routing, and multi‑datacenter support, and compares popular open‑source solutions like Zookeeper and Nacos to help you select the right one for your stack.

Nacoshigh availabilityhorizontal scaling
0 likes · 11 min read
Service Registry Guide: Concepts, Features, and Choosing Zookeeper vs Nacos
360 Tech Engineering
360 Tech Engineering
Jun 19, 2020 · Databases

TiDB Overview: Architecture, Deployment, Advantages, and Practical Tips

This article explains how TiDB, a MySQL‑compatible distributed NewSQL database, solves large‑table performance issues with horizontal scaling, describes its core components, deployment guidelines, key advantages, and practical tips such as avoiding auto‑increment IDs, handling hotspots, version quirks, backup strategies, and monitoring with Grafana.

MySQL compatibilityTiDBhorizontal scaling
0 likes · 12 min read
TiDB Overview: Architecture, Deployment, Advantages, and Practical Tips
Java Architect Essentials
Java Architect Essentials
May 25, 2020 · Databases

MySQL Sharding and Partitioning: Strategies, Tools, and Best Practices

This article explains MySQL performance bottlenecks, compares IO and CPU limits, introduces horizontal and vertical sharding and partitioning concepts, presents practical scenarios, outlines common tools such as Sharding‑Sphere, TDDL and Mycat, and provides step‑by‑step guidance for implementation, troubleshooting and scaling.

Vertical Partitioningdatabase partitioninghorizontal scaling
0 likes · 8 min read
MySQL Sharding and Partitioning: Strategies, Tools, and Best Practices
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
May 7, 2020 · Databases

TDSQL Horizontal Scaling: Design Principles and Practice for Non‑Disruptive Linear Expansion

TDSQL enables Tencent Meeting’s non‑disruptive, linear horizontal scaling by using a stateless SQL engine, shard‑key selection, two‑phase distributed transactions, and one‑click set expansion, delivering near‑linear performance growth, high availability, and seamless capacity increase for millions of daily users worldwide.

TDSQLcloud video conferencedistributed database
0 likes · 17 min read
TDSQL Horizontal Scaling: Design Principles and Practice for Non‑Disruptive Linear Expansion
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jan 5, 2020 · Databases

Data Sharding, Partitioning, and Distributed ID Strategies for Relational Databases

This article explains why relational databases become bottlenecks at large scale, introduces vertical and horizontal sharding techniques, discusses the challenges of distributed transactions, cross‑shard queries, pagination, and global primary‑key generation, and provides practical guidelines and middleware options for implementing sharding in production systems.

Vertical Partitioningdatabase partitioningdistributed-id
0 likes · 23 min read
Data Sharding, Partitioning, and Distributed ID Strategies for Relational Databases
Meitu Technology
Meitu Technology
Dec 4, 2019 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of lmstfy: A Redis‑Based Task Queue Service

lmstfy is a stateless, Redis‑backed task‑queue service from Meitu that provides delayed execution, automatic retries, priority handling, expiration, and a RESTful HTTP API, while supporting horizontal scaling via namespace‑based token routing, rich Prometheus metrics, and future disk‑based storage extensions.

Distributed SystemsTask Queuebackend service
0 likes · 15 min read
Design and Implementation of lmstfy: A Redis‑Based Task Queue Service
Senior Brother's Insights
Senior Brother's Insights
Nov 29, 2019 · Databases

Mastering Database Sharding: When, Why, and How to Partition Your Data

This comprehensive guide explains the motivations behind database sharding, compares vertical and horizontal partitioning methods, discusses the challenges of distributed transactions, global primary keys, cross‑node queries, pagination, and data migration, and provides practical solutions and middleware options for implementing scalable, high‑availability database architectures.

horizontal scaling
0 likes · 25 min read
Mastering Database Sharding: When, Why, and How to Partition Your Data
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
May 12, 2019 · Big Data

How 58.com Scales 10 B Posts with 10 K Attributes: Architecture Secrets

58.com tackles the challenge of storing and searching billions of heterogeneous posts by employing a unified post center, a category‑attribute service, and an external search engine, using vertical table splitting, JSON‑based extensible fields, compressed keys, and horizontally sharded indexes to achieve massive scalability and high throughput.

Service Architecturehorizontal scalinglarge-scale storage
0 likes · 12 min read
How 58.com Scales 10 B Posts with 10 K Attributes: Architecture Secrets
iQIYI Technical Product Team
iQIYI Technical Product Team
Mar 15, 2019 · Cloud Computing

Design and Architecture of QLive Large‑Scale Live Streaming Service

The QLive service powers iQIYI’s massive live‑streaming events—such as the Spring Festival Gala—by combining vertical and horizontal scaling, a three‑layer architecture with dual data‑center isolation, multi‑level caching, circuit‑breaker/degradation controls, and a Flume‑Kafka‑Hive monitoring pipeline to sustain over 400 k QPS and 99.9999 % availability.

Vertical Scalingcachingfault tolerance
0 likes · 9 min read
Design and Architecture of QLive Large‑Scale Live Streaming Service
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Feb 20, 2019 · Databases

Understanding Database Sharding: Concepts, Benefits, Drawbacks, and Strategies

Database sharding, a horizontal partitioning technique that splits a table’s rows across multiple nodes, enables scalable performance and fault isolation for high‑traffic applications, but introduces complexity, potential data imbalance, and recovery challenges, so it should be adopted only after simpler optimizations are exhausted.

Data PartitioningScalabilitydatabase sharding
0 likes · 15 min read
Understanding Database Sharding: Concepts, Benefits, Drawbacks, and Strategies
21CTO
21CTO
Jul 29, 2018 · Backend Development

How to Split and Evolve Complex Systems: From Horizontal Scaling to Microservices

This article explains why growing business complexity and throughput demand system decoupling, outlines horizontal scaling, vertical and business splitting, database sharding techniques, and shows how architectural evolution leads to micro‑service‑based, resilient infrastructures.

Microservicesarchitecture evolutiondatabase sharding
0 likes · 9 min read
How to Split and Evolve Complex Systems: From Horizontal Scaling to Microservices
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jul 28, 2018 · Backend Development

System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling and Decoupling

The article explains how increasing business complexity and throughput require system splitting, decoupling, and architectural evolution—covering horizontal and vertical scaling, database sharding, caching, and micro‑service patterns—to improve capacity, robustness, and performance of large‑scale applications.

database shardinghorizontal scalingsystem splitting
0 likes · 10 min read
System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling and Decoupling
JD Tech
JD Tech
Jun 8, 2018 · Backend Development

System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling and Decoupling

The article explains how increasing business complexity and throughput demands drive system splitting—horizontal scaling, vertical and business sharding, and database partitioning—and describes the subsequent architectural evolution toward micro‑services, caching, indexing, and asynchronous processing to improve capacity, robustness, and performance.

Microservicescachinghorizontal scaling
0 likes · 10 min read
System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling and Decoupling
21CTO
21CTO
May 23, 2018 · Backend Development

How to Evolve a Monolithic System into a Distributed, Service‑Oriented Architecture

This article explains why growing business complexity and throughput demands force a system to be split and refactored, describing horizontal scaling, vertical and business splitting, database sharding, and the resulting architectural evolution toward micro‑services.

MicroservicesSystem Architecturedatabase sharding
0 likes · 9 min read
How to Evolve a Monolithic System into a Distributed, Service‑Oriented Architecture
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
May 23, 2018 · Backend Development

System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: From Monolith to Distributed Services

The article reviews how increasing business complexity and throughput demands drive the need to split applications and databases, adopt horizontal and vertical scaling, implement business and service-level partitioning, and evolve system architecture toward micro‑services, caching, and asynchronous processing.

Microservicesarchitecture evolutiondatabase sharding
0 likes · 9 min read
System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: From Monolith to Distributed Services
UCloud Tech
UCloud Tech
Jan 19, 2018 · Databases

From Middleware to Distributed Database: UDDB’s Evolution and Architecture

The article outlines UDDB’s roadmap from a MySQL‑compatible middleware to a full‑featured distributed database, detailing its three‑stage evolution, system architecture, SQL parsing and routing design, and innovative techniques that enable read‑write separation, vertical sharding, and future horizontal scaling.

MySQL compatibilitySQL parsingdistributed database
0 likes · 15 min read
From Middleware to Distributed Database: UDDB’s Evolution and Architecture
ITPUB
ITPUB
May 2, 2017 · Operations

How to Build Highly Scalable Applications: From Vertical to Horizontal Scaling

This article explains why scalability is a crucial non‑functional requirement, describes vertical (scale‑up) and horizontal (scale‑out) approaches, introduces the AKF model’s X/Y/Z axes, and provides practical guidance for scaling services, databases, caching, and deployment to achieve robust, high‑throughput applications.

AKF modelDatabase ReplicationScalability
0 likes · 34 min read
How to Build Highly Scalable Applications: From Vertical to Horizontal Scaling
Meituan Technology Team
Meituan Technology Team
Jan 5, 2017 · Databases

Inside DBProxy: Open‑Source High‑Availability Database Middleware and Its Key Enhancements

DBProxy, an open‑source MySQL middleware derived from Atlas, offers horizontal scaling, read/write separation, load balancing, advanced blacklist filtering, dynamic configuration, and numerous bug fixes, positioning it as a mature, high‑availability solution for enterprise database environments.

DBProxyDatabase Middlewarehigh availability
0 likes · 12 min read
Inside DBProxy: Open‑Source High‑Availability Database Middleware and Its Key Enhancements
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Oct 24, 2016 · Databases

Mastering Database Sharding: Strategies for Scaling High‑Traffic Applications

This article explains the fundamentals of database sharding, including horizontal partitioning concepts, routing rules, and various sharding strategies such as range, hash, and mapping tables, and how clustering, load balancing, and read/write separation improve scalability, availability, and performance for large‑scale internet applications.

Read-Write Separationhigh availabilityhorizontal scaling
0 likes · 16 min read
Mastering Database Sharding: Strategies for Scaling High‑Traffic Applications
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Jun 9, 2016 · Operations

Mastering Load Balancing: Principles, Types, and Practical Tips

This article explains how load balancing solves high‑traffic, high‑concurrency challenges by distributing requests across multiple servers, covering its core principles, vertical and horizontal scaling, various classification methods such as DNS, IP, link‑layer, and hybrid approaches, along with their advantages, drawbacks, and deployment recommendations.

Distributed Systemshigh availabilityhorizontal scaling
0 likes · 10 min read
Mastering Load Balancing: Principles, Types, and Practical Tips
21CTO
21CTO
Aug 18, 2015 · Fundamentals

How to Build Horizontally Scalable Systems: Lessons from Will Larson

This article distills Will Larson’s insights on designing scalable systems, covering linear capacity growth, redundancy, load‑balancing strategies, multi‑layer caching, cache invalidation, offline processing with message queues, Map‑Reduce integration, and the benefits of a dedicated platform layer.

Message Queuecachinghorizontal scaling
0 likes · 11 min read
How to Build Horizontally Scalable Systems: Lessons from Will Larson
Qunar Tech Salon
Qunar Tech Salon
Aug 16, 2015 · Fundamentals

Key Characteristics and Design Principles of Distributed Systems

The article explains the historical background, core characteristics such as scalability, cost‑efficiency, fault tolerance, and elasticity, and outlines essential design principles for distributed systems, emphasizing low hardware requirements, horizontal scaling, avoidance of single points of failure, reduced communication overhead, and stateless services.

Scalabilityfault tolerancehorizontal scaling
0 likes · 12 min read
Key Characteristics and Design Principles of Distributed Systems
Art of Distributed System Architecture Design
Art of Distributed System Architecture Design
Jun 13, 2015 · Fundamentals

Key Characteristics and Design Principles of Distributed Systems

Distributed systems, long used since the 1970s and popularized by internet giants like Google, offer scalable, cost‑effective, and fault‑tolerant architectures by leveraging many low‑cost servers, emphasizing horizontal scaling, avoidance of single points of failure, minimal inter‑node communication, and stateless services for elastic application deployment.

Distributed Systemsfault tolerancehorizontal scaling
0 likes · 13 min read
Key Characteristics and Design Principles of Distributed Systems
Qunar Tech Salon
Qunar Tech Salon
May 21, 2015 · Fundamentals

Key Characteristics and Design Principles of Distributed Systems

The article explains the origins, core features such as scalability, cost‑effectiveness, fault tolerance, and elastic expansion of distributed systems, and outlines design philosophies like low hardware requirements, horizontal scaling, avoidance of single points of failure, minimized inter‑node communication, and stateless service architecture.

Distributed Systemsfault tolerancehorizontal scaling
0 likes · 11 min read
Key Characteristics and Design Principles of Distributed Systems
Qunar Tech Salon
Qunar Tech Salon
Jan 19, 2015 · Operations

Optimization Strategies for High‑Concurrency Ticketing Systems

The article analyzes the challenges of high‑traffic ticketing platforms, compares business models, identifies concurrency bottlenecks, and presents comprehensive front‑end and back‑end optimization techniques—including load balancing, caching, data partitioning, and queue‑based flow control—to achieve horizontal scalability and reliable performance.

cachinghigh concurrencyhorizontal scaling
0 likes · 7 min read
Optimization Strategies for High‑Concurrency Ticketing Systems