This guide explains why and how to migrate Nginx Ingress or traditional micro‑service gateways to Alibaba Cloud's MSE cloud‑native gateway, covering security motivations, a five‑stage migration process, preparation steps, command‑line checks, CRD configuration, testing, and gradual SLB traffic shifting.
NetEase Media migrated SparkSQL to Kubernetes in 2021, using storage‑compute decoupling, hybrid deployment, custom scripts, Kyuubi failover, and extensive monitoring and resource governance, which cut cluster size by over 30% while keeping CPU utilization above 80% and GC throughput above 95%.
This article explains how to transition containerized applications from Docker Compose to Kubernetes using the Kompose tool, covering code examples, generated manifests, volume handling, ingress considerations, and best‑practice recommendations for production deployments.
This article explains what Kubernetes CustomResourceDefinitions (CRDs) and Operators are, shows how they enable custom resources and automated lifecycle management, and presents practical YAML examples and a generic big‑data Operator design for cloud‑native environments.
This article examines how the strong‑consistency design of etcd limits Kubernetes scalability and latency in edge environments, presents experimental results on etcd performance, and proposes an eventual‑consistency storage layer to improve performance, availability, and scalability for edge deployments.
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of Helm, the Kubernetes package manager, covering core commands for searching, pulling, installing, listing, creating charts, managing repositories and dependencies, upgrading, rolling back releases, and pushing charts to Harbor, complete with code examples and usage tips.
Istio's ambient mesh introduces a shared‑node ztunnel and optional waypoint proxies to provide zero‑trust security and optional L7 features without sidecar injection, reducing invasiveness, resource waste, and operational complexity while maintaining full mesh functionality.
This guide explains how to create and manage Kubernetes Secrets and ConfigMaps, covering YAML and kubectl methods, different secret types, mounting techniques, environment variable injection, image pull secrets, and practical examples for secure configuration handling in cloud‑native environments.
This article examines the evolving security risks of cloud‑native architectures, explains why traditional perimeter defenses are insufficient, introduces zero‑trust principles for Kubernetes, outlines common K8s threat vectors, and presents a complete data‑collection and monitoring solution based on the open‑source iLogtail agent.
Kubernetes 1.25 officially ships cgroup v2 support, enabling the kubelet to leverage the latest Linux resource‑management features, and the article explains what cgroups are, the advantages of v2, how to enable it, migration considerations, and where to learn more.
This comprehensive tutorial explains Helm as the Kubernetes package manager, covering its architecture, installation steps, core concepts like charts, releases, repositories, chart structure, dependencies, templating syntax, built‑in objects, common functions, control structures, named templates, NOTES.txt usage, and debugging techniques for effective Helm chart development.
This tutorial walks through using QingCloud Load Balancer to create a fault‑tolerant Kubernetes cluster, covering host inventory, OS preparation, kernel upgrades, Docker and kubeadm installation, master initialization, node expansion, Calico networking, and metrics‑server setup.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Docker's evolution, its modern architecture involving containerd, runc, and CRI, explains how containers are created and managed, and offers step‑by‑step instructions for installing, configuring, and operating containerd with the ctr command‑line tool on Linux.
The article compares monolithic, clustered, and distributed architectures, examines the differences between Spring Cloud, Kubernetes, and Istio, discusses Spring Boot on K8s, and explains the benefits of Service Mesh and sidecar proxies for modern microservice deployments.
This article explains what Kubernetes CustomResourceDefinitions (CRDs) are, how they extend the platform with user‑defined resources, and provides step‑by‑step examples for creating CRDs, custom objects, and interacting with them via kubectl commands.
This article introduces a systematic approach to troubleshooting Kubernetes pod network anomalies, covering classification of common failures, essential tools such as tcpdump, nsenter, paping and mtr, detailed packet‑capture techniques, a step‑by‑step troubleshooting workflow, and real‑world case studies to illustrate root‑cause analysis and resolution.
Learn what Kubernetes CustomResourceDefinitions (CRDs) are, how they extend the platform with custom resources, and follow step‑by‑step examples to create a CRD, define its schema, and manage custom objects using kubectl commands.
This article provides a comprehensive guide to DevStream, an open‑source DevOps toolchain manager, covering its core concepts, configuration files, installation steps, basic commands, plugin development, and a practical example that demonstrates initializing and applying a full CI/CD pipeline on Kubernetes with ArgoCD.
This article explains how the kubectl top command retrieves real‑time CPU and memory usage for nodes and pods, details the underlying data flow from cAdvisor through heapster or metrics‑server, clarifies metric calculations, compares results with native top and docker stats, and addresses common errors and troubleshooting steps.
Telepresence is an open‑source tool that lets developers run a single service locally while seamlessly connecting it to a remote Kubernetes cluster, providing cluster DNS resolution, traffic proxying, and intercept capabilities, along with detailed usage, DNS mechanisms, troubleshooting, and deployment tips.
This article explains how native Kubernetes objects—ClusterIP Services, CoreDNS, and kube‑proxy—work together to provide reliable service‑to‑service communication inside a cluster, contrasting the approach with traditional IP‑based methods and detailing the networking model, service abstraction, DNS resolution, and packet translation.
Zabbix 6.0 introduces a suite of enhancements—including high‑availability clustering, advanced business‑service monitoring with SLA calculations, root‑cause analysis, machine‑learning‑based anomaly detection, Kubernetes templates, a redesigned audit log, TLS certificate checks, UI improvements, customizable branding, and new integrations—aimed at boosting operational visibility and efficiency across cloud and on‑premise environments.
This article introduces a systematic approach to troubleshooting Kubernetes pod network problems, covering common anomaly categories, essential tools like tcpdump, nsenter, paping and mtr, a step‑by‑step troubleshooting workflow, and detailed case studies of service connectivity failures, external host timeouts, and object‑storage access issues.
This guide presents Kube-OVN performance benchmarks, explains the testing environment and qperf commands, and provides step‑by‑step data‑plane optimization techniques—including CPU mode, NIC queue tuning, tuned profiles, interrupt binding, OVN LB disabling, FastPath module, OVS kernel compilation, and STT tunnel activation—to help administrators achieve lower latency and higher throughput in Kubernetes clusters.
By registering foreign clusters to the Tencent Distributed Cloud Center and linking them with Cloud Connect Network, the guide shows how to use Tencent Cloud Service Mesh to create a unified ingress gateway, configure DNS and Istio virtual services, and route traffic across multiple accounts and clusters securely.
This article details the design, data‑collection pipeline, monitoring stack, visualization practices, and alert‑response workflow of a globally deployed Alibaba Cloud‑native system that uses ACK, Prometheus, Grafana, and ARMS to achieve end‑to‑end observability across metrics, tracing, and logs.
Kubernetes 1.25 introduces 40 new features and numerous bug fixes, with major upgrades across API Machinery, Apps, Authentication, Networking, Nodes, Security, Scheduling, and Storage, providing stronger security, better resource management, and expanded configurability for cloud‑native workloads.
Enterprises face governance challenges as Kubernetes adoption surges, requiring centralized platforms, standardized blueprints, role‑based access control, policy enforcement, drift detection, and lifecycle management to maintain control, security, and agility across multiple clusters.
This guide walks through installing NFS, configuring PersistentVolumes, PersistentVolumeClaims, and StorageClasses in Kubernetes, explains their key fields and lifecycle, demonstrates dynamic provisioning with an NFS provisioner, and shows how to use the resulting PVC in a pod.
This article outlines a detailed cloud‑native curriculum covering why to learn cloud‑native technologies, the importance of Kubernetes, and a step‑by‑step series of lessons on Go language features, Docker core concepts, Kubernetes architecture, lifecycle management, Istio traffic control, multi‑cluster federation, security guarantees, and a microservices deployment case study.
This article explains how kubectl top retrieves real‑time CPU and memory usage for nodes and pods, details the underlying data flow and metric‑server architecture, and addresses frequent errors such as missing components, pause‑container accounting, and differences from host top or docker stats.
Yanxuan built a Kubeflow‑based machine‑learning platform that unifies data preprocessing, feature engineering, model training, validation, and deployment, using Smart‑jobs, Smart‑Infer, Smart‑backend, Airflow pipelines, Jupyter notebooks, and Istio‑enhanced inference services to boost algorithm engineers’ efficiency and integrate with Kubernetes, HDFS, and Hive.
This guide explains the purpose of Kubernetes Federation, its benefits for multi‑cluster management, step‑by‑step installation using Helm and kubefedctl, how to join and unjoin clusters, enable resource federation, and provides a cheat sheet of common commands for reliable cross‑cluster deployments.
This article provides a concise overview of Kubernetes architecture—including the master, nodes, and etcd—explains how deployments create replica sets and pods, describes pod fundamentals, container orchestration features, networking basics, and the role of services for microservice discovery and external access.
Bilibili’s Kubernetes cloud platform boosts server utilization by co‑locating latency‑sensitive online services with batch‑oriented offline jobs on the same nodes, using custom schedulers, extended resources, dynamic CPU/memory isolation, and a management console, achieving average CPU usage around 35 % and significant cost savings.
This article provides a step‑by‑step guide on extending the Kubernetes scheduler, covering configuration of scheduler profiles, implementing out‑of‑tree plugins, integrating Prometheus‑based network traffic scoring, and deploying the custom scheduler both inside and outside a cluster, complete with code samples and troubleshooting tips.
This article explains how Kube-OVN extends its IP address management to other CNI plugins, supports multi‑NIC scenarios, and provides step‑by‑step instructions with YAML examples for installing Kube-OVN, configuring NetworkAttachmentDefinitions, creating Subnets, and deploying Pods with static or dynamic IPs.
This comprehensive tutorial walks you through deploying a production‑grade Kubernetes cluster on multiple nodes, configuring Docker and containerd, setting up kubeadm, enabling IPVS, installing a high‑availability Nginx + Keepalived load balancer, deploying the Kubernetes dashboard, and installing a secure Harbor image registry with NFS storage.
This guide walks developers through the evolution from physical and virtual deployments to containerization, explains Kubernetes architecture and core components, demonstrates building a one‑master‑two‑node cluster with kubeadm and Flannel, and details resource management using YAML with imperative and declarative kubectl commands.
An extensive cloud‑native curriculum outlines a systematic learning path that combines foundational theory and hands‑on practice across ten chapters, covering Go language fundamentals, Docker core technologies, Kubernetes architecture, lifecycle management, Istio traffic control, multi‑cluster federation, security, and a microservices deployment case study.
Airbnb’s engineering team describes how they migrated to Kubernetes, evolved their clusters through three stages, and built a custom gRPC‑based expander for the Cluster Autoscaler to achieve flexible, cost‑effective, and automated scaling across hundreds of heterogeneous clusters.
This article outlines how our team overhauled the CI/CD pipeline, migrated from Jenkins to GitLab CI, introduced Kubernetes‑based execution, automated branch management via Jira integration, restructured artifact storage with JFrog, and built an in‑house SCA solution, all to boost development efficiency, reduce manual errors, and secure software delivery.
The CNCF whitepaper on Kubernetes policy management outlines a reference architecture, explains XACML integration, and shows how policy‑as‑code can secure the entire container lifecycle while automating compliance with standards such as PCI, NIST and HIPAA.
This guide explains the theory behind enterprise‑level containerization, outlines the dual‑state IT architecture, describes cloud‑native application types, compares migration patterns such as Encapsulate, Rehost, Replatform, Refactor, Rearchitect and Rebuild, and provides step‑by‑step criteria for selecting and preparing applications for cloud migration.
This article explains the limitations of a standard Prometheus monitoring stack on Kubernetes and demonstrates how to migrate to a Thanos‑based solution for long‑term metric retention, reduced infrastructure cost, and scalable multi‑cluster observability using Terraform and cloud‑native components.
This article walks readers through Kubernetes pod orchestration by breaking down the Pod YAML into Resource, Object, Spec, and Status sections, explaining REST API paths, metadata fields, lifecycle phases, health checks, and status reporting to deepen understanding of cloud‑native operations.
Kubernetes 1.25 introduces over 40 enhancements across API Machinery, Apps, Authentication, Networking, Nodes, Security, Scheduling, and Storage, including beta‑graduated features, new alpha capabilities, and critical deprecations that improve safety, reliability, and flexibility for cloud‑native workloads.
This article explores the open‑source release of Alibaba Cloud's iLogtail, detailing its lightweight, high‑performance design, multi‑tenant isolation, plugin architecture, Kubernetes integration, and the differences between its enterprise and community editions, while highlighting its role in modern observability pipelines.
This guide walks through Kubernetes' core controllers—Deployment, DaemonSet, Job, and CronJob—showing how they manage Pods, how to create and update them with YAML manifests, scale workloads, perform rolling updates, and safely roll back changes, all with practical command‑line examples.
This guide explains how to view Docker and Kubernetes container exit codes, lists the most common codes such as 0, 1, 137, 139, and 143, describes what each code means, and shows the commands and scenarios that generate them.
Consul 1.13 introduces a Kubernetes CNI plugin, enhanced Envoy troubleshooting CLI, upgraded terminating gateways, and a preview of cluster peering, enabling organizations to reduce operational complexity, securely connect services at scale, and integrate service mesh capabilities directly into their workflows.
The article presents CloudKnow's Atlas supercomputing platform, detailing its AI‑focused architecture, early storage and bandwidth challenges, the integration of Alluxio and Fluid for distributed caching, various business adaptations, and experimental results showing significant performance gains across speech denoising, image classification, large‑file processing, and speech recognition workloads.
This guide explains how to use Ingress-Nginx's canary annotations for blue‑green, weight‑based, header‑based, and cookie‑based traffic splitting in Kubernetes, providing step‑by‑step YAML examples, command‑line verification, and a comparison of deployment strategies.
The article explains how Intuit manages hundreds of Kubernetes clusters using multi‑control‑plane architectures and Admiral to automate Istio service‑mesh configuration, illustrating the challenges of large‑scale microservice deployment and sharing a domestic bank’s experience with similar cloud‑native adoption.
Shopee transformed its Druid analytics platform from a fragile physical‑machine setup into a cloud‑native, Kubernetes‑orchestrated solution that adds independent clusters, automatic scaling, traffic management, GitOps‑driven deployment, and container isolation, delivering higher stability, efficiency, lower cost, and stronger security alongside integrated monitoring and visualization tools.
This article describes Ctrip's adoption of Nebula Graph, covering the reasons for choosing the open‑source distributed graph database, its modular architecture, multi‑data‑center and blue‑green deployment patterns, middleware integration, client session management, query language extensions, and a series of performance‑tuning practices that solved stability and CPU issues in production.
This tutorial walks you through creating a simple SpringBoot web application, containerizing it with Docker, and deploying it to a Kubernetes cluster using Pods, Deployments, Services, and Ingress, while highlighting common pitfalls and comparing Java's resource usage to Go.
This article explains how the open‑source Kruise Rollout framework enables progressive delivery on Kubernetes, covering Gateway API‑based canary releases, batch rollouts for StatefulSet and Advanced StatefulSet, pod batch labeling, and integration with KubeVela for seamless canary deployments.
This article explains how Kubernetes secures its API Server through authentication and authorization, covering user types, authentication methods such as client certificates, bearer tokens, OIDC, and static token files, and then details the RBAC model, role bindings, and service account usage for fine‑grained access control.
This article reviews the most popular GitOps tools for Kubernetes, explains the GitOps concept, and details how each tool—such as ArgoCD, Flux, Helm, Crossplane, and Argo Rollouts—enables declarative, automated, and auditable infrastructure management.
This guide explains how to install the Tektoncd Operator on a Kubernetes cluster, configure its CRDs, choose installation methods, customize component images, apply predefined profiles, and run a simple hello‑goodbye pipeline using Tekton tasks and PipelineRun objects.
This article explains how Kubernetes' kubelet performs container and image garbage collection, details the configurable thresholds and limits, and presents step‑by‑step experiments that demonstrate the impact of different settings on image and container cleanup behavior.
This article explains why Kubernetes’s true value lies in its extensible, declarative API framework rather than containers, illustrates the API types, shows how Custom Resource Definitions act like database tables, and provides practical examples of creating, querying, and managing CRDs with kubectl.
This article chronicles the evolution of a SaaS product from a simple monolithic SPA through microservice decomposition to containerized deployment, detailing API design, CI/CD pipelines, Spring Cloud and Kubernetes integration, automated tracing, monitoring, and lessons learned for small development teams.
The article analyzes Meituan’s self‑designed Load Auto‑Regulator (LAR), detailing its tiered resource‑pool architecture, dynamic load‑to‑static‑resource mapping, and QoS mechanisms that together raise data‑center CPU utilization by 5‑10% while keeping online service quality stable, and discusses its deployment in online and mixed‑workload scenarios.
This article explains Kubernetes' fundamental network requirements, the pod networking model, the role of CNI plugins, common implementation approaches, and how Network Policies provide fine-grained traffic control, offering a comprehensive overview of container networking within cloud-native clusters.
The Kubernetes scheduler continuously watches for unscheduled Pods, places them in a priority queue, filters feasible Nodes, scores and selects the best Node using built‑in and custom plugins—adjusting the node‑sampling rate for large clusters, and allowing extensibility through extenders, multiple schedulers, and the scheduler framework configuration.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Kubernetes, covering its master‑node architecture, core components such as API Server, Scheduler, and Controllers, the step‑by‑step creation of Deployments, the role of Pods, container orchestration patterns, networking fundamentals, and service discovery mechanisms for microservices.
This guide explains how to connect Dubbo services to Aeraki Mesh using Dubbo2Istio or direct ServiceEntry definitions, covering configuration, environment variables, Kubernetes deployment, and client adjustments to achieve comprehensive L7 traffic routing, load balancing, and rate limiting within an Istio service mesh.
This tutorial demonstrates how to install Aeraki and Istio, deploy Dubbo sample services, define ServiceEntry and MetaRouter resources, route traffic to a primary version, mirror traffic to a secondary version, verify logs, and explain the underlying MetaProtocol proxy mechanism for traffic mirroring.
This comprehensive guide walks you through installing a Kubernetes cluster with kubeadm, configuring containerd, initializing master and worker nodes, deploying Calico networking and the Dashboard, performing upgrades, renewing certificates, adding or removing nodes, and backing up both etcd data and cluster manifests using scripts and Velero.
This article explains how Docker containers rely on Linux cgroups and namespaces for resource isolation, details CPU share and quota scheduling, and shows practical commands to inspect cgroup assignments, helping developers optimize container performance on Kubernetes.
RedisInsight is a powerful GUI for Redis that supports cluster management, SSL connections, and memory analysis; this guide walks through downloading, installing on Linux, configuring environment variables, running as a service, deploying via Kubernetes, and using the web UI to monitor and operate Redis instances.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Kubernetes architecture, explaining the roles of the master and node components, the deployment creation process, pod fundamentals, service discovery, networking mechanisms, and how micro‑services are orchestrated within a cloud‑native environment.
This article recounts a graduate student's step‑by‑step experience joining the CNCF Sealer project, detailing why the sandbox project attracted them, the challenges of early contributions, practical tips for navigating documentation, issues, pull requests, and community meetings, and how they eventually helped refactor the runtime module.
This article explains why alert fatigue harms on‑call teams in Kubernetes environments and offers eight practical techniques—ranging from metric definition to alert suppression—to reduce noise, improve response efficiency, and protect team well‑being.
This article systematically explains container cloud network architecture, covering fundamental concepts, protocol stacks, traversal and isolation methods, Docker and Kubernetes networking models, and a detailed comparison of CNI solutions such as Flannel, OVS, and Calico.
This article introduces four CNCF‑graduated open‑source projects—Prometheus, Jaeger, OpenTelemetry, and Thanos—that together provide metrics, alerts, tracing, and long‑term storage to improve observability, reduce downtime, and streamline troubleshooting for workloads running on Kubernetes.
This article explains what Kubernetes is, its declarative nature, key features, master‑slave architecture, essential components such as etcd, API server, controller manager, scheduler, kubelet, and kube‑proxy, and how they work together to enable scalable, resilient cloud‑native applications.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Kubernetes, covering its master‑node architecture, core components like API server, scheduler, controller, kubelet and kube‑proxy, the deployment creation process, pod fundamentals, service networking, and common patterns such as scaling, rolling updates, and ingress access.
This article explains why exposing services on a bare‑metal Kubernetes cluster requires a custom load‑balancer solution, introduces MetalLB, details its deployment requirements, explains its Layer 2 and BGP modes, provides step‑by‑step installation commands, and shows how to verify the setup.
This article provides a concise overview of Kubernetes, explaining its master‑node architecture, describing key components such as API server, scheduler, controller, kubelet and kube‑proxy, and detailing how deployments, pods, services, networking, scaling, updates and ingress work together to orchestrate containerized applications.
This article explains what Docker container exit codes mean, how to view them using Kubernetes or Docker commands, and details the most common codes such as 0, 1, 137, 139, and 143, helping you diagnose why a container is not running.
Kruise Rollout, an open‑source progressive delivery framework from the OpenKruise community, extends native Kubernetes workloads with incremental, traffic‑aware rollouts, automated batch control via Prometheus metrics, and non‑intrusive integration, offering a robust alternative to Argo Rollout and Flagger for large‑scale deployments.
This article traces the 20‑year evolution of container technology—from early Unix chroot and FreeBSD jail, through Linux namespaces, cgroups and Docker’s image system, to modern orchestration with Kubernetes and cloud‑native runtimes—explaining core concepts, architectures, and best‑practice guidelines for building and managing containers.
This article examines post‑2022 DevOps trends—including GitOps, AIOps/MLOps, DevSecOps, FinOps, DataOps, chaos engineering, SRE, hybrid deployment, automation, IaC, serverless, cloud‑native, microservices, containerization, Kubernetes, edge computing, data observability, and platform engineering—illustrating each with real‑world case studies that show measurable improvements in speed, reliability, cost, and scalability.
After the 2015 Yeezy launch caused a massive traffic surge that crashed Adidas' website, the engineering team adopted cloud‑native infrastructure, Kubernetes, and DevOps practices, raising their release cadence from a six‑week cycle to five deployments per day.
This article explains why Docker containers stop running by detailing how to view exit codes, describing the most common exit codes such as 0, 1, 137, 139, and 143, and clarifying the actions that cause each code, helping developers troubleshoot container failures.
This article compares native Kubernetes Job workflows with Alibaba Cloud SchedulerX's visual scripting solution, showing step‑by‑step how to create, run, and monitor Jobs and CronJobs without building container images, and highlights SchedulerX's added features such as history, logging, alerts, and visual orchestration.
This article explains the Kubernetes networking model, covering container‑to‑container, pod‑to‑pod, pod‑to‑service, and external traffic flows, and shows how Linux network namespaces, virtual Ethernet pairs, bridges, iptables, IPVS, LoadBalancers and Ingress controllers work together to route traffic inside and outside a cluster.
This guide explains how to install and configure Red Hat OpenShift Local (CodeReady Containers) on a personal computer, covering prerequisites, download steps, cluster initialization, command‑line usage, common issues, and reference documentation for creating a single‑node OpenShift 4.x development environment.
This guide walks you through installing RedisInsight on Linux, configuring its environment variables, running it as a background service, deploying it on Kubernetes with a ready‑to‑use YAML, and using its UI to monitor Redis metrics, browse and edit data, and analyze memory usage.
This article walks developers through SaaS cloud‑native architecture, covering technology stack selection, multi‑tenant design at the application and data layers, microservice development with Spring Cloud and Huawei CSE, container deployment on CCE, and practical code examples from the SaaS‑Housekeeper project.
This comprehensive guide explains Kubernetes' networking model, covering core concepts, pod-to-pod communication, service routing, DNS integration, and external traffic handling, while detailing the underlying Linux network namespaces, virtual Ethernet pairs, bridges, and CNI plugins.
KubeZoo, an open‑source lightweight multi‑tenant solution from ByteDance, uses protocol conversion to create virtual tenants on a single Kubernetes master, offering native API compatibility, low overhead, and a serverless‑ready foundation while addressing the challenges of multi‑tenant cluster management.
This tutorial walks through installing Aeraki Mesh and sample Dubbo/Thrift services, creating a MetaRouter resource to add custom request headers, verifying the changes via sidecar logs, and explains how Aeraki translates MetaRouter rules into MetaProtocol Proxy configurations delivered through its internal RDS server.
This guide explains how to manually create Jenkins JNLP agents on a Kubernetes cluster, covering both static Deployment‑based agents and dynamic agents using the Kubernetes plugin, with detailed YAML definitions, pipeline scripts, and supporting helper functions for a complete CI/CD workflow.
This article provides an extensive overview of microservice architecture, tracing its evolution from monolithic to distributed services, detailing the advantages and drawbacks of each stage, and presenting a practical technology stack—including service discovery, API gateways, containerization, orchestration, logging, monitoring, and CI/CD—to help engineers design, implement, and operate modern cloud‑native systems.
This article explains how the emerging Gateway API in Kubernetes addresses the limitations of traditional Ingress by introducing a modular architecture, advanced load‑balancing features, and extensibility, positioning it as the future‑ready method for exposing services and APIs in cloud‑native environments.
This article provides a detailed introduction to etcd, covering its purpose as a highly‑available distributed key‑value store, core Raft‑based architecture, key concepts, common application scenarios, step‑by‑step installation and cluster deployment, as well as essential command‑line operations for managing data, backups, and cluster members.
