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1187 articles · Page 6 of 12
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jul 4, 2022 · Backend Development

High‑Concurrency Architecture Design and Practical Solutions

This article explains how to design and implement a high‑concurrency system for e‑commerce scenarios, covering server architecture, load balancing, database clustering, caching strategies, concurrency testing tools, message‑queue based async processing, first‑level cache, static data handling, layering, distribution, redundancy and automation, with concrete examples such as user sign‑in, order queries and red‑packet distribution.

backend architecturecachingdistributed systems
0 likes · 20 min read
High‑Concurrency Architecture Design and Practical Solutions
ITPUB
ITPUB
Jul 3, 2022 · Operations

How Keepalived Achieves High‑Availability Load Balancing with LVS and VRRP

This article explains Keepalived’s high‑availability architecture, detailing its integration with LVS/IPVS, VRRP‑based master election, configuration parameters like state, priority, nopreempt, and weight, and how traffic is forwarded and balanced across real servers using various scheduling algorithms.

IPVSKeepalivedLVS
0 likes · 15 min read
How Keepalived Achieves High‑Availability Load Balancing with LVS and VRRP
Aikesheng Open Source Community
Aikesheng Open Source Community
Jun 28, 2022 · Databases

Quick Guide to Enabling Read‑Write Splitting in Dble (v3.20.10+)

This article explains how to configure Dble's read‑write splitting feature by preparing MySQL master‑slave instances, defining dbGroup and rwSplitUser in XML configuration files, reloading the settings, and verifying that write statements go to the primary node while reads are load‑balanced across replicas.

ConfigurationDatabase MiddlewareMySQL
0 likes · 6 min read
Quick Guide to Enabling Read‑Write Splitting in Dble (v3.20.10+)
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jun 27, 2022 · Databases

Mastering Cluster Terminology and Database Cluster Architectures

This article explains core cluster concepts, the benefits of building database clusters, classifies common cluster types, and compares scalable architectures such as Oracle RAC, MySQL Cluster, sharding, CAP/BAS​E theory, and cross‑database transaction strategies for high availability and performance.

CAP theoremDatabase ClusterMySQL Cluster
0 likes · 22 min read
Mastering Cluster Terminology and Database Cluster Architectures
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jun 27, 2022 · Backend Development

Comprehensive Nginx Installation, Configuration, and Optimization Guide

This article provides a step‑by‑step guide to installing Nginx, explains core directives such as listen, server_name, location, and proxy_pass, and covers advanced topics including rate limiting, load balancing methods, keepalive connections, static resource handling, CORS, and anti‑hotlinking configurations.

Configurationload balancingrate limiting
0 likes · 15 min read
Comprehensive Nginx Installation, Configuration, and Optimization Guide
Architect's Guide
Architect's Guide
Jun 24, 2022 · Backend Development

High Concurrency Architecture and Strategies for Scalable Backend Systems

This article presents a comprehensive guide to designing high‑concurrency backend solutions, covering server architecture, load balancing, database clustering, caching layers, message queues, asynchronous processing, service‑oriented design, redundancy, and automation to ensure reliable performance under massive user traffic.

asynchronous processingbackend architecturehigh-concurrency
0 likes · 19 min read
High Concurrency Architecture and Strategies for Scalable Backend Systems
Java Architect Essentials
Java Architect Essentials
Jun 21, 2022 · Backend Development

Master Nginx: Core Concepts, Configuration, and Performance Tuning

This comprehensive guide explains what Nginx is, its advantages, typical use cases, request handling, high‑concurrency model, forward and reverse proxy concepts, directory layout, key configuration directives, load‑balancing algorithms, rate limiting, health checks, gzip compression, and practical examples for virtual hosts and module management.

ConfigurationPerformance TuningReverse Proxy
0 likes · 33 min read
Master Nginx: Core Concepts, Configuration, and Performance Tuning
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jun 20, 2022 · Operations

Comprehensive Nginx Installation, Configuration, and Optimization Guide

This article provides a step‑by‑step tutorial on installing Nginx, explains core directives such as listen, server_name, and location, and covers advanced topics like rate limiting, various load‑balancing algorithms, reverse proxy setup, keepalive tuning, gzip compression, CORS, anti‑leech, and integration with LVS and keepalived for high‑availability deployments.

ConfigurationOperationsload balancing
0 likes · 15 min read
Comprehensive Nginx Installation, Configuration, and Optimization Guide
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Jun 9, 2022 · Backend Development

Master Nginx: From Basics to Advanced Configuration and High Availability

This article provides a comprehensive guide to Nginx, covering its core concepts, installation steps, key configuration sections, reverse‑proxy and load‑balancing examples, static‑dynamic separation, performance tuning, and high‑availability clustering for production environments.

ConfigurationReverse Proxyload balancing
0 likes · 13 min read
Master Nginx: From Basics to Advanced Configuration and High Availability
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jun 1, 2022 · Backend Development

Mastering Nginx: From Basics to Advanced Configurations and Security

This comprehensive guide explains what Nginx is, its core features, typical use cases, ecosystem extensions, installation methods, detailed configuration examples—including HTTPS, redirects, static mapping, proxying, rate limiting, authentication, load‑balancing strategies, and security hardening—plus an overview of its architecture and source‑code layout.

Backend DevelopmentConfigurationReverse Proxy
0 likes · 10 min read
Mastering Nginx: From Basics to Advanced Configurations and Security
Java Tech Enthusiast
Java Tech Enthusiast
May 18, 2022 · Operations

Nginx Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing, and URL Rewrite Guide

This article explains how Nginx can act as a reverse proxy, distribute traffic with various load‑balancing methods, serve static assets separately from dynamic back‑ends, and rewrite friendly URLs, providing clear configuration snippets for each technique.

Reverse ProxyServer configurationURL Rewrite
0 likes · 10 min read
Nginx Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing, and URL Rewrite Guide
php Courses
php Courses
May 11, 2022 · Backend Development

High-Concurrency Web Architecture: Concepts, Load Balancing, CDN, and PHP Concurrency Practices

This article explains key high‑concurrency web concepts such as QPS, throughput, and response time, then details traffic and server optimizations, load‑balancing strategies (L4/L7, Nginx, LVS), CDN fundamentals, process/thread/coroutine models, asynchronous I/O, PHP Swoole concurrency, and database caching techniques for scalable backend systems.

Backend DevelopmentCDNDatabase Caching
0 likes · 22 min read
High-Concurrency Web Architecture: Concepts, Load Balancing, CDN, and PHP Concurrency Practices
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
May 9, 2022 · Cloud Native

Mastering Kubernetes: Core Concepts from Container Ops to Network Isolation

This article provides a comprehensive overview of Kubernetes, covering container operation fundamentals, multi‑site deployment models, service discovery mechanisms, shared pod resources, common CNI plugins, layered load‑balancing approaches, isolation dimensions, and essential network model principles for large‑scale clusters.

Container OrchestrationKubernetescloud native
0 likes · 13 min read
Mastering Kubernetes: Core Concepts from Container Ops to Network Isolation
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
May 8, 2022 · Cloud Native

How Do Kubernetes Pods and Services Achieve Load Balancing?

This article reviews the core structure of Kubernetes pods, explains how pods expose services externally, explores load‑balancing strategies using Services and virtual IPs, and details how kube‑proxy and selectors keep services in sync with changing pod lifecycles.

Kubernetescloud nativeload balancing
0 likes · 7 min read
How Do Kubernetes Pods and Services Achieve Load Balancing?
Java High-Performance Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
May 7, 2022 · Cloud Native

Unlocking Kubernetes Architecture: From Pods to High‑Availability Design

This article provides a comprehensive overview of Kubernetes architecture, covering its core components, service discovery methods, pod shared resources, common CNI plugins, multi‑layer load balancing, isolation dimensions, and network model principles that enable scalable, high‑availability container operations.

Container OrchestrationKubernetesPod Architecture
0 likes · 10 min read
Unlocking Kubernetes Architecture: From Pods to High‑Availability Design
Architect
Architect
Apr 24, 2022 · Backend Development

Comprehensive Nginx Tutorial: Installation, Configuration, Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing, and High Availability

This guide provides a step‑by‑step tutorial on Nginx, covering its overview, single‑instance installation, reverse proxy setup, load‑balancing configuration, static‑dynamic separation, high‑availability clustering with keepalived, detailed configuration directives, and performance considerations, complete with command‑line examples and code snippets.

LinuxReverse Proxyhigh availability
0 likes · 30 min read
Comprehensive Nginx Tutorial: Installation, Configuration, Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing, and High Availability
Wukong Talks Architecture
Wukong Talks Architecture
Apr 23, 2022 · Backend Development

Design and Scaling of a High‑Concurrency Spring Festival Shake‑and‑Red‑Packet System

This article details the architecture, challenges, and solutions behind a high‑traffic Spring Festival shake‑and‑red‑packet system, covering prototype design, bandwidth and request‑rate handling, access clusters, overload protection, and iterative versions that achieved up to 110 billion shakes with peak loads of 14 million requests per second.

backendhigh-concurrencyload balancing
0 likes · 17 min read
Design and Scaling of a High‑Concurrency Spring Festival Shake‑and‑Red‑Packet System
Wukong Talks Architecture
Wukong Talks Architecture
Apr 21, 2022 · Backend Development

Evolution of Server‑Side Architecture from Hundreds to Tens of Millions of Concurrent Users: A Taobao Case Study

This article outlines the step‑by‑step evolution of a high‑traffic e‑commerce backend—from a single‑machine setup to cloud‑native microservices—illustrating the technologies and design principles needed to scale from hundreds to tens of millions of concurrent users.

Microservicesarchitecturebackend
0 likes · 19 min read
Evolution of Server‑Side Architecture from Hundreds to Tens of Millions of Concurrent Users: A Taobao Case Study
IT Xianyu
IT Xianyu
Apr 20, 2022 · Fundamentals

Designing Scalable Systems for Billions of Users: From a Single Server to Distributed Architecture

This article explains how to evolve a simple single‑server web application into a highly available, horizontally and vertically scalable system for billions of users by covering DNS, vertical and horizontal scaling, load balancing, database replication, sharding, denormalization, SQL/NoSQL choices, stateless design, caching, CDN and global deployment.

Database Replicationcachingdistributed systems
0 likes · 18 min read
Designing Scalable Systems for Billions of Users: From a Single Server to Distributed Architecture
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Apr 20, 2022 · Backend Development

Comprehensive Nginx Configuration Guide: Static Server, Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing and Advanced Directives

This article provides a step‑by‑step tutorial on using Nginx as a static file server, configuring location blocks and regex priorities, setting up reverse proxy and various load‑balancing strategies, and applying advanced directives such as return, rewrite, error_page, logging and access control.

Reverse ProxyServer configurationStatic Server
0 likes · 15 min read
Comprehensive Nginx Configuration Guide: Static Server, Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing and Advanced Directives
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
Apr 16, 2022 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a Custom RPC Framework with Spring Boot and Netty

This article presents a comprehensive overview of designing and implementing a custom RPC framework using Spring Boot and Netty, covering concepts, architecture, service registration with Zookeeper, load balancing, custom message protocol, serialization, handling TCP fragmentation, and various client invocation modes.

NettyRPCSpring Boot
0 likes · 14 min read
Design and Implementation of a Custom RPC Framework with Spring Boot and Netty
Ctrip Technology
Ctrip Technology
Apr 14, 2022 · Backend Development

Implementing QUIC in Trip.com App: Server Architecture, Connection Migration, and 0‑RTT Optimization

This article describes how Trip.com’s backend engineers introduced QUIC to the Trip.com App, redesigned the Nginx‑based server architecture for multi‑process deployment, solved connection‑migration challenges with a custom load‑balancing layer, and enabled 0‑RTT support using shared ticket keys, achieving roughly a 20% reduction in request latency.

0-RTTQUICconnection migration
0 likes · 16 min read
Implementing QUIC in Trip.com App: Server Architecture, Connection Migration, and 0‑RTT Optimization
Java High-Performance Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
Apr 14, 2022 · Backend Development

Top 40 Nginx Interview Questions and Answers You Must Know

This comprehensive guide covers everything from basic Nginx concepts, architecture, and configuration files to advanced topics such as load balancing algorithms, rate limiting, health checks, compression, and the differences between Nginx and Apache, providing clear explanations and code examples for each interview question.

Reverse Proxyload balancingweb server
0 likes · 29 min read
Top 40 Nginx Interview Questions and Answers You Must Know
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Apr 14, 2022 · Backend Development

Master Nginx: From Basics to Advanced Configuration for High‑Performance Servers

This comprehensive guide walks developers through Nginx fundamentals, key features, installation on CentOS, essential commands, core configuration blocks, directive details, variable usage, upstream and proxy_pass setup, reverse proxy, load balancing strategies, caching, HTTPS, CORS, gzip compression, and the internal architecture, enabling you to confidently deploy and manage Nginx in production environments.

ConfigurationLinuxReverse Proxy
0 likes · 42 min read
Master Nginx: From Basics to Advanced Configuration for High‑Performance Servers
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Apr 12, 2022 · Operations

Mastering Nginx: Installation, Core Configuration, and High‑Availability Setup

This comprehensive guide explains Nginx's role as a high‑performance web and reverse‑proxy server, details its installation packages and step‑by‑step build process, breaks down the main nginx.conf sections, and demonstrates practical configurations for reverse proxy, load balancing, static‑dynamic separation, worker tuning, and high‑availability clustering.

LinuxReverse Proxyhigh availability
0 likes · 15 min read
Mastering Nginx: Installation, Core Configuration, and High‑Availability Setup
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Apr 10, 2022 · Databases

Designing a High‑Performance Distributed KV Store for B‑Station

This article details the background, architecture, core features, and operational practices of a custom high‑reliability, high‑throughput key‑value storage system that combines Raft replication, flexible partitioning, binlog support, bulk loading, and multi‑active deployment for B‑Station's diverse data workloads.

Failure RecoveryRaft replicationbinlog
0 likes · 22 min read
Designing a High‑Performance Distributed KV Store for B‑Station
IT Services Circle
IT Services Circle
Apr 5, 2022 · Backend Development

Key Techniques for Building High‑Concurrency Systems: Load Balancing, Microservices, Caching, Sharding, Message Queues, and CDN

This article outlines essential architectural practices for high‑concurrency systems, covering load‑balancing strategies, distributed microservice design, caching mechanisms, database sharding, asynchronous message queues, and CDN usage to achieve scalable and resilient backend services.

Message QueueMicroserviceshigh-concurrency
0 likes · 11 min read
Key Techniques for Building High‑Concurrency Systems: Load Balancing, Microservices, Caching, Sharding, Message Queues, and CDN
Top Architect
Top Architect
Mar 31, 2022 · Operations

Comprehensive Nginx Tutorial: Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing, Static/Dynamic Separation, and High Availability with Keepalived

This article provides a detailed guide on using Nginx for high‑performance HTTP serving, reverse proxying, load balancing, static‑dynamic separation, installation commands, configuration file structure, practical examples with Tomcat back‑ends, and setting up high‑availability using Keepalived, complete with code snippets and diagrams.

KeepalivedReverse ProxyServer configuration
0 likes · 10 min read
Comprehensive Nginx Tutorial: Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing, Static/Dynamic Separation, and High Availability with Keepalived
Refining Core Development Skills
Refining Core Development Skills
Mar 27, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding CPU Load Balancing and Scheduler Domains in Linux

This article explains the concept of CPU load balancing, the hierarchical scheduler domain and group structures in a multi‑core SoC, when and how the Linux kernel performs periodic, no‑hz, and idle load‑balancing, and outlines the step‑by‑step algorithm used to migrate tasks for balanced system performance.

load balancingsched_domain
0 likes · 9 min read
Understanding CPU Load Balancing and Scheduler Domains in Linux
IT Services Circle
IT Services Circle
Mar 25, 2022 · Fundamentals

Consistent Hashing Algorithm: Principles, Advantages, and Applications

Consistent hashing maps both servers and keys onto a virtual hash ring, allowing keys to be assigned to the nearest clockwise server, which minimizes data movement during node addition or removal, improves load distribution with virtual nodes, and is widely used in distributed caching and load balancing systems.

Cacheconsistent hashingdistributed systems
0 likes · 11 min read
Consistent Hashing Algorithm: Principles, Advantages, and Applications
Wukong Talks Architecture
Wukong Talks Architecture
Mar 24, 2022 · Backend Development

Microservice Ecosystem Overview with Spring Cloud Alibaba: Components, Configuration, and Code Examples

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the microservice ecosystem built on Spring Cloud Alibaba, detailing essential modules such as service registration, discovery, load balancing, configuration, messaging, gateway, circuit breaking, distributed tracing, and transaction management, and includes practical code snippets and configuration examples for each component.

Microservicescircuit breakerdistributed transaction
0 likes · 21 min read
Microservice Ecosystem Overview with Spring Cloud Alibaba: Components, Configuration, and Code Examples
IT Services Circle
IT Services Circle
Mar 24, 2022 · Backend Development

Diagnosing Intermittent White‑Screen Issues Caused by Nginx Proxy and HTTP Connection Mismatch

This article details a step‑by‑step investigation of an intermittent white‑screen problem on a web application, revealing that Nginx’s use of HTTP 1.0 short connections caused mismatched static resource versions across backend servers, and explains how updating the affected server’s frontend bundle resolves the issue.

Backend ServersHTTP 1.0Keep-Alive
0 likes · 6 min read
Diagnosing Intermittent White‑Screen Issues Caused by Nginx Proxy and HTTP Connection Mismatch
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Mar 23, 2022 · Operations

Designing High‑Performance, Highly‑Available, Scalable E‑Commerce Architecture

This article provides a comprehensive technical guide on building large‑scale distributed websites, covering characteristics, architectural goals, patterns, performance, high‑availability, scalability, extensibility, security, agility, and a detailed e‑commerce case study with practical diagrams and capacity estimations.

cachingdistributed systemse-commerce architecture
0 likes · 26 min read
Designing High‑Performance, Highly‑Available, Scalable E‑Commerce Architecture
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Mar 19, 2022 · Backend Development

How Taobao Scaled to Millions of Concurrent Users: Architecture Evolution

This article walks through Taobao’s journey from a single‑server setup to a cloud‑native, micro‑service architecture capable of handling tens of millions of concurrent requests, explaining each scaling step, the technologies involved, and key design principles for high‑availability systems.

Cloud ComputingMicroservicesdatabase sharding
0 likes · 20 min read
How Taobao Scaled to Millions of Concurrent Users: Architecture Evolution
Ctrip Technology
Ctrip Technology
Mar 17, 2022 · Cloud Native

High‑Performance Layer‑4 Software Load Balancer TDLB Based on DPVS and DPDK

The article describes how Trip.com built a high‑performance, software‑based layer‑4 load balancer (TDLB) using DPVS and DPDK, detailing its lock‑free session handling, user‑IP pass‑through, asynchronous logging, cluster session synchronization, resource isolation, configuration management via etcd/operator, health‑check strategies, and multi‑dimensional monitoring.

DPDKDPVSKubernetes
0 likes · 13 min read
High‑Performance Layer‑4 Software Load Balancer TDLB Based on DPVS and DPDK
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Mar 14, 2022 · Backend Development

Consistent Hashing Algorithm: Theory, Go Implementation, and Load-Balanced Extension

The article explains consistent hashing—using a circular 2^32 hash ring with virtual nodes to evenly distribute keys across dynamic cache servers—provides a complete Go implementation including host registration, key lookup, and a bounded‑load extension that tracks server load, demonstrates a proxy‑cache setup, and discusses practical testing and production‑grade enhancements.

Algorithmcachingconsistent hashing
0 likes · 27 min read
Consistent Hashing Algorithm: Theory, Go Implementation, and Load-Balanced Extension
Java High-Performance Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
Mar 12, 2022 · Backend Development

Master Nginx: Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing, and Static/Dynamic Separation

This article provides a comprehensive guide to Nginx, covering its high‑performance architecture, reverse‑proxy concepts, load‑balancing strategies, static‑dynamic separation, installation commands, configuration file structure, practical reverse‑proxy and load‑balancing examples, and high‑availability setup with Keepalived.

KeepalivedLinuxReverse Proxy
0 likes · 7 min read
Master Nginx: Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing, and Static/Dynamic Separation
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Mar 6, 2022 · Operations

Mastering Nginx: From Static Servers to Advanced Load Balancing and Reverse Proxy

This guide walks through deploying static files with Nginx, configuring location blocks and regex patterns, setting up reverse proxy to Java services, implementing various load‑balancing strategies (round‑robin, weight, ip_hash, fair, url_hash), separating static and dynamic content, and using essential directives such as return, rewrite, error_page, logging, deny, and built‑in variables.

OperationsReverse ProxyServer configuration
0 likes · 16 min read
Mastering Nginx: From Static Servers to Advanced Load Balancing and Reverse Proxy
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Mar 2, 2022 · Backend Development

Unlocking Linux SO_REUSEPORT: How Multiple Processes Can Share the Same Port

Linux kernels 3.9+ introduce the SO_REUSEPORT option, allowing multiple processes to bind and listen on the same port, with the kernel handling load‑balancing and security checks; this article explains the problem it solves, the underlying implementation, and provides practical C examples and verification steps.

C++SO_REUSEPORTload balancing
0 likes · 16 min read
Unlocking Linux SO_REUSEPORT: How Multiple Processes Can Share the Same Port
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Feb 26, 2022 · Backend Development

How to Build a Scalable Million‑DAU Backend Architecture with Hybrid Cloud

This article outlines a comprehensive architecture for handling millions of daily active users, covering DNS routing, four‑layer and seven‑layer load balancing, monolithic versus microservice deployment, caching, database sharding, hybrid‑cloud strategies, full‑link elastic scaling, and a three‑tier degradation mechanism to ensure resilience under sudden traffic spikes.

Scalable Systemsdatabase shardinghybrid cloud
0 likes · 11 min read
How to Build a Scalable Million‑DAU Backend Architecture with Hybrid Cloud
FunTester
FunTester
Feb 24, 2022 · Backend Development

How to Add Load Balancing to a Custom Go DNS Resolver

This guide shows how to modify a Go custom DNS resolver to perform simple load balancing by predefining IP addresses and randomly selecting one for each new connection, including full code examples and test output.

Custom ResolverDNSGo
0 likes · 5 min read
How to Add Load Balancing to a Custom Go DNS Resolver
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Feb 24, 2022 · Backend Development

Mastering Nginx: Core Concepts, Configuration, and Performance Techniques

This comprehensive guide explains what Nginx is, its key advantages, typical use cases, request processing flow, high‑concurrency model, proxy types, directory layout, configuration directives, load‑balancing strategies, rate‑limiting, compression, health checks, and differences from Apache, providing practical examples and code snippets for backend developers.

Backend DevelopmentConfigurationPerformance
0 likes · 28 min read
Mastering Nginx: Core Concepts, Configuration, and Performance Techniques
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Feb 22, 2022 · Backend Development

Designing a Scalable, High‑Performance Distributed E‑Commerce Architecture: A Technical Guide

This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of large‑scale distributed website architecture, covering characteristics, goals, patterns, high‑performance, high‑availability, scalability, extensibility, security, and agility considerations, and walks through the evolution of an e‑commerce system with concrete examples and diagrams.

Microservicescachingdistributed systems
0 likes · 26 min read
Designing a Scalable, High‑Performance Distributed E‑Commerce Architecture: A Technical Guide
ITPUB
ITPUB
Feb 21, 2022 · Backend Development

Unlocking Multi‑Process Server Speed: How Linux REUSEPORT Works

This article explains why Linux kernels 3.9+ allow multiple processes to bind the same port, how the REUSEPORT option implements kernel‑level load balancing, and provides step‑by‑step examples showing configuration, code snippets, and performance verification.

LinuxSO_REUSEPORTSocket
0 likes · 14 min read
Unlocking Multi‑Process Server Speed: How Linux REUSEPORT Works
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Feb 18, 2022 · Backend Development

Mastering API Gateways: From Fundamentals to Zuul in Microservices

This article explores microservice communication, comparing monolithic and microservice architectures, introduces gateway-based communication methods, details gateway functions and use cases like blue‑green deployment and circuit breaking, and provides a step‑by‑step Zuul implementation with configuration and code examples.

API-gatewayZuulload balancing
0 likes · 16 min read
Mastering API Gateways: From Fundamentals to Zuul in Microservices
FunTester
FunTester
Feb 17, 2022 · Backend Development

Implementing a Custom DNS Resolver for Go HTTP Client Testing

This article demonstrates how to extend Go's HTTP client with a custom DNS resolver using net.Dialer, configure load‑balancing, and test the implementation with sample code and a simple mock service, providing a practical guide for backend developers.

DNSGohttp-client
0 likes · 6 min read
Implementing a Custom DNS Resolver for Go HTTP Client Testing
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Feb 16, 2022 · Backend Development

Leveraging ngx_lua for Traffic Grouping in Nginx

This article explains how to use the ngx_lua module in Nginx to assign traffic tags, implement header‑based or domain‑based routing, and integrate with dynamic upstreams for parallel testing, load testing, and gray‑release scenarios, providing code examples and configuration details.

Lua Scriptingbackendload balancing
0 likes · 9 min read
Leveraging ngx_lua for Traffic Grouping in Nginx
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Feb 15, 2022 · Operations

Essential Nginx Configuration Cheat Sheet: Ports, Logs, Domains, and More

This cheat sheet compiles the most common Nginx configuration snippets—including listening ports, access logs, server names, static file serving, redirects, reverse proxy, load balancing, and SSL settings—providing a quick reference for developers and operators to set up high‑performance web servers.

Reverse ProxySSLload balancing
0 likes · 5 min read
Essential Nginx Configuration Cheat Sheet: Ports, Logs, Domains, and More
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Feb 11, 2022 · Operations

How SSL Offloading Boosts Performance and Simplifies Traffic Management

This article explains what SSL offloading is, why it can improve website performance by reducing TLS overhead, outlines its advantages, and compares the two main implementation methods—SSL termination and SSL bridging—while highlighting when to consider using it.

Network PerformanceSSL OffloadingTLS
0 likes · 8 min read
How SSL Offloading Boosts Performance and Simplifies Traffic Management
FunTester
FunTester
Feb 10, 2022 · Backend Development

How to Implement Load‑Balancing with a Custom Java DNS Resolver

This article explains why the default InMemoryDnsResolver cannot provide load balancing, shows how to create a custom SystemDefaultDnsResolver that randomly selects IPs, and demonstrates single‑thread, multi‑thread, and single‑connection pool tests to verify the behavior.

DNSHttpClientJava
0 likes · 9 min read
How to Implement Load‑Balancing with a Custom Java DNS Resolver
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Feb 9, 2022 · Backend Development

Understanding Nginx: Features, Architecture, Configuration, and Best Practices

This article provides a comprehensive overview of Nginx, covering its definition, advantages, typical use cases, request processing flow, high‑concurrency design, proxy types, directory layout, key configuration directives, load‑balancing algorithms, rate‑limiting mechanisms, security features, and practical deployment tips for modern web services.

ConfigurationPerformanceReverse Proxy
0 likes · 28 min read
Understanding Nginx: Features, Architecture, Configuration, and Best Practices
Laravel Tech Community
Laravel Tech Community
Feb 8, 2022 · Operations

Comprehensive Guide to Installing Nginx, Configuring Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing, SSL, Keepalived, and LVS High‑Availability

This article provides a step‑by‑step tutorial on installing Nginx, setting up reverse‑proxy and various load‑balancing methods, configuring SSL, deploying Keepalived for failover, and building an LVS‑DR high‑availability cluster with detailed command examples and configuration snippets.

KeepalivedLVSReverse Proxy
0 likes · 20 min read
Comprehensive Guide to Installing Nginx, Configuring Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing, SSL, Keepalived, and LVS High‑Availability
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Feb 4, 2022 · Backend Development

Designing a Scalable Architecture for Million‑Level DAU Systems

The article outlines a comprehensive backend architecture for handling million‑to‑tens‑of‑million daily active users, covering DNS routing, L4/L7 load balancing, monolithic versus microservice deployment, caching, database sharding, hybrid‑cloud strategies, elastic scaling, and multi‑level degradation mechanisms.

Elastic ScalingMicroservicesdatabase sharding
0 likes · 11 min read
Designing a Scalable Architecture for Million‑Level DAU Systems
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jan 23, 2022 · Operations

Comprehensive Guide to Installing Nginx, Configuring Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing, SSL, Keepalived, and LVS High‑Availability

This tutorial walks through installing Nginx, setting up upstream reverse‑proxy rules, configuring various load‑balancing algorithms, enabling SSL, deploying Keepalived for failover, and building an LVS‑DR high‑availability cluster with detailed commands and configuration examples.

KeepalivedLVSReverse Proxy
0 likes · 24 min read
Comprehensive Guide to Installing Nginx, Configuring Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing, SSL, Keepalived, and LVS High‑Availability
ITPUB
ITPUB
Jan 21, 2022 · Backend Development

Designing Scalable High‑Concurrency Architecture for E‑Commerce Platforms

This article explains how to design and evolve a high‑concurrency server architecture for e‑commerce applications, covering load balancing, database clustering, NoSQL caching, CDN static assets, message‑queue based asynchronous processing, tiered caching, service‑oriented decomposition, redundancy, and automation to ensure reliable performance under massive traffic spikes.

Clusteringcachinghigh-concurrency
0 likes · 21 min read
Designing Scalable High‑Concurrency Architecture for E‑Commerce Platforms
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Jan 17, 2022 · Cloud Native

How Do Kubernetes Pods Expose Services and Achieve Load Balancing?

This article reviews Kubernetes pod fundamentals, explains why pods cannot be directly accessed, describes how to expose them via node ports, and details how Services with virtual IPs and kube-proxy provide load balancing and dynamic pod discovery using label selectors.

Kubernetescloud nativeload balancing
0 likes · 7 min read
How Do Kubernetes Pods Expose Services and Achieve Load Balancing?
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jan 14, 2022 · Backend Development

Designing a Scalable Architecture for Million‑Level DAU User Systems

The article outlines a comprehensive backend architecture for handling million‑level daily active users, covering DNS routing, L4/L7 load balancing, monolithic versus microservice deployment, caching, database sharding, hybrid‑cloud deployment, elastic scaling, and multi‑level degradation strategies to ensure high availability under sudden traffic spikes.

DatabaseMicroservicesbackend
0 likes · 12 min read
Designing a Scalable Architecture for Million‑Level DAU User Systems
vivo Internet Technology
vivo Internet Technology
Jan 12, 2022 · Backend Development

Vivo Push Notification Platform: Architecture Evolution and Engineering Practices

The article details Vivo’s push notification platform, describing its evolution from cloud‑based beginnings to a self‑built, three‑region architecture that supports over 1 million concurrent connections, billions of daily messages, and incorporates optimizations such as adaptive heartbeats, advanced load‑balancing, distributed caching, multi‑layer rate limiting, circuit‑breaker mechanisms, and comprehensive content security.

Push NotificationSystem ArchitectureTCP
0 likes · 16 min read
Vivo Push Notification Platform: Architecture Evolution and Engineering Practices
High Availability Architecture
High Availability Architecture
Jan 12, 2022 · Cloud Native

Designing a Scalable Architecture for Million‑Level DAU Internet Applications

The article explains how to build a highly available, horizontally scalable architecture for million‑level daily active users by combining DNS routing, L4/L7 load balancing, micro‑service decomposition, caching, sharded databases, hybrid‑cloud deployment, elastic scaling and multi‑level degradation strategies.

Microservicescachinghybrid cloud
0 likes · 11 min read
Designing a Scalable Architecture for Million‑Level DAU Internet Applications
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jan 9, 2022 · Cloud Computing

Hybrid Cloud Application Scenarios Whitepaper (2021)

The 2021 Hybrid Cloud Whitepaper explains the definition, major vendor solutions, and five key use‑case scenarios—load scheduling, disaster recovery, hybrid deployment, DevOps, and data analytics—illustrating how enterprises can leverage mixed public, private, and edge clouds to meet diverse business requirements.

Data AnalyticsDevOpscloud architecture
0 likes · 16 min read
Hybrid Cloud Application Scenarios Whitepaper (2021)
IT Xianyu
IT Xianyu
Jan 9, 2022 · Operations

Comprehensive Guide to Installing Nginx, Configuring Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing, SSL, Keepalived, LVS, and High‑Availability Clusters

This tutorial walks through installing Nginx from source, setting up upstream reverse‑proxy groups, configuring various load‑balancing methods (weight, IP hash, URL hash, least connections), enabling SSL, deploying Keepalived for failover, and building an LVS‑DR high‑availability cluster with detailed command‑line examples.

KeepalivedLVSReverse Proxy
0 likes · 23 min read
Comprehensive Guide to Installing Nginx, Configuring Reverse Proxy, Load Balancing, SSL, Keepalived, LVS, and High‑Availability Clusters
21CTO
21CTO
Jan 6, 2022 · Backend Development

Mastering Web Application Architecture: Key Components and Best Practices

This article explains the fundamentals of web application architecture, detailing components such as user agents, DNS, load balancers, virtual machines, web servers, databases, caching services, CDNs, external and cloud storage, as well as best‑practice guidelines for building efficient, scalable, and secure backend systems.

Backend Developmentcachingcloud storage
0 likes · 10 min read
Mastering Web Application Architecture: Key Components and Best Practices
Top Architect
Top Architect
Dec 31, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding Nginx Reverse Proxy: Configuration and Practical Examples

This article explains the concepts of forward and reverse proxy, walks through the structure of Nginx configuration files, and provides step‑by‑step code examples for setting up reverse proxy, path‑based routing, and location directives for backend development.

ConfigurationHTTP serverReverse Proxy
0 likes · 12 min read
Understanding Nginx Reverse Proxy: Configuration and Practical Examples
macrozheng
macrozheng
Dec 28, 2021 · Backend Development

Master Nginx: From Basics to Advanced Configuration for High‑Performance Web Servers

This guide walks you through Nginx fundamentals, reverse‑proxy concepts, load‑balancing techniques, static‑dynamic separation, cross‑platform installation steps, essential commands, and core configuration examples, equipping developers with the skills to deploy and manage a robust web server.

Backend DevelopmentReverse Proxyload balancing
0 likes · 10 min read
Master Nginx: From Basics to Advanced Configuration for High‑Performance Web Servers
Java Architect Essentials
Java Architect Essentials
Dec 22, 2021 · Backend Development

Technical Architecture and Stack Selection for a Medium‑Scale Internet Backend

This article outlines a practical technology stack and architectural choices—including load balancing, CDN, distributed RPC frameworks, message queues, caching, databases, and search—for building a scalable backend that can support tens of thousands of daily active users in a mid‑size internet company.

Message Queuearchitectureload balancing
0 likes · 6 min read
Technical Architecture and Stack Selection for a Medium‑Scale Internet Backend
Top Architect
Top Architect
Dec 22, 2021 · Operations

Load Balancing: Principles, Types, and Algorithms

This article explains the fundamentals of load balancing, covering its purpose, vertical and horizontal scaling, various classifications such as DNS, IP, link‑layer and hybrid methods, common algorithms like round‑robin and weighted, as well as hardware solutions, providing a comprehensive guide for building scalable, high‑availability systems.

AlgorithmsNetwork Architecturedistributed systems
0 likes · 13 min read
Load Balancing: Principles, Types, and Algorithms
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Dec 21, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding DNS: From Basics to BIND Configuration and Load Balancing

This article explains DNS fundamentals, its distributed hierarchical structure, TCP/UDP usage, top‑level domains, resolution workflow, caching, smart geo‑aware routing, BIND server setup, zone file syntax, DNS load balancing, sub‑domain delegation, debugging tools, and the risk of DNS amplification attacks.

BINDDNSDomain Name System
0 likes · 18 min read
Understanding DNS: From Basics to BIND Configuration and Load Balancing
NetEase Smart Enterprise Tech+
NetEase Smart Enterprise Tech+
Dec 14, 2021 · Backend Development

How NetEase Cloud’s Distributed Recording Cluster Ensures High‑Availability and Scalability

This article explains the architecture and key features of NetEase Cloud's local server‑side recording cluster, detailing how dynamic scaling, multi‑backup high availability, load‑balancing strategies, monitoring, and an embedded registration center enable secure, reliable, and scalable recording for data‑sensitive applications.

Java SDKREST APIcloud recording
0 likes · 11 min read
How NetEase Cloud’s Distributed Recording Cluster Ensures High‑Availability and Scalability
Top Architect
Top Architect
Dec 10, 2021 · Operations

Comprehensive Guide to Load Balancing: Principles, Types, Algorithms, and Hardware

This article explains the fundamentals of load balancing, covering why it is needed for high‑traffic services, the difference between vertical and horizontal scaling, various load‑balancing techniques (DNS, HTTP, IP, link‑layer, hybrid), common algorithms, and the trade‑offs of software versus hardware solutions.

Operationsdistributed systemshigh availability
0 likes · 13 min read
Comprehensive Guide to Load Balancing: Principles, Types, Algorithms, and Hardware
Top Architect
Top Architect
Dec 9, 2021 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a High‑Performance Spring WebFlux Gateway

This article describes how to design and build a high‑throughput, extensible gateway using Spring WebFlux, Netty, and Nacos, covering technical selection, architecture, core modules, plugin chain, data synchronization, WebSocket cache, testing, and performance results.

NettySpring WebFluxgateway
0 likes · 20 min read
Design and Implementation of a High‑Performance Spring WebFlux Gateway
Top Architect
Top Architect
Dec 3, 2021 · Backend Development

High-Concurrency Architecture Design and Best Practices for Backend Systems

This article explains how to design and optimize backend server architecture for high‑concurrency scenarios, covering load balancing, database master‑slave clusters, NoSQL caching, concurrency testing tools, caching strategies, message‑queue based async processing, layered and distributed designs, redundancy, automation, and service‑oriented approaches.

Message Queuebackend architecturedistributed systems
0 likes · 19 min read
High-Concurrency Architecture Design and Best Practices for Backend Systems
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Nov 30, 2021 · Backend Development

Designing High‑Concurrency Architecture: Server Layout, Caching, Message Queues, and Distributed Strategies

The article explains how to design a high‑concurrency system by planning server architecture, load balancing, master‑slave databases, NoSQL clusters, caching layers, message‑queue based asynchronous processing, static‑content CDN, and automated redundancy to ensure scalability and reliability.

backendbackend architecturecaching
0 likes · 18 min read
Designing High‑Concurrency Architecture: Server Layout, Caching, Message Queues, and Distributed Strategies
Software Development Quality
Software Development Quality
Nov 29, 2021 · Backend Development

Designing Scalable, High‑Performance Architecture for Large‑Scale Websites

Large‑scale website architecture must balance massive user traffic, data volume, security threats, and rapid feature changes by adopting layered, distributed designs that emphasize high performance, high availability, scalability, extensibility, and agility, employing techniques such as caching, load balancing, clustering, sharding, and service‑oriented components.

Microservicescachinghigh availability
0 likes · 22 min read
Designing Scalable, High‑Performance Architecture for Large‑Scale Websites
JD Tech
JD Tech
Nov 29, 2021 · Fundamentals

Four‑Tier Load Balancer (FLB): Topology, NAT Model, and Direct Route Model

The article explains four‑tier load balancer fundamentals, detailing its OSI‑layer‑4 topology, then derives and compares the NAT and Direct Route (DR) models, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, drawbacks, and deployment constraints, with illustrative network diagrams.

Direct RouteNATOSI layer 4
0 likes · 6 min read
Four‑Tier Load Balancer (FLB): Topology, NAT Model, and Direct Route Model
iQIYI Technical Product Team
iQIYI Technical Product Team
Nov 26, 2021 · Backend Development

Analysis and Solutions for Load‑Balancing Issues in QLB‑4 Based TFServing Service Calls

The investigation of QLB‑4‑based TFServing calls revealed uneven traffic, stale routing after scaling, and idle servers due to layer‑4 hash routing, leading the team to replace QLB‑4 with a Consul‑driven client‑side load‑balancer that dynamically pools servers, eliminates restarts, and cuts GPU waste.

ConsulQLB-4TFServing
0 likes · 11 min read
Analysis and Solutions for Load‑Balancing Issues in QLB‑4 Based TFServing Service Calls
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Nov 26, 2021 · Operations

Large-Scale Distributed Website Architecture: Principles, Patterns, and Practices

This article provides a comprehensive technical summary of large‑scale distributed website architecture, covering characteristics, goals, architectural patterns, performance, high‑availability, scalability, extensibility, security, agility, and a detailed evolution roadmap with practical examples and recommendations.

architecturecachingdatabase sharding
0 likes · 22 min read
Large-Scale Distributed Website Architecture: Principles, Patterns, and Practices
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Nov 24, 2021 · Operations

Designing High‑Availability, High‑Performance, Scalable and Secure Architecture for Large Web Applications

This article explains how to evolve a large‑scale website architecture through stages such as initial single‑server setups, application‑data separation, caching, server clustering, read‑write separation, CDN/reverse proxy, distributed storage, micro‑services, and automation to achieve high availability, scalability, performance and security.

architecturecachingdistributed systems
0 likes · 21 min read
Designing High‑Availability, High‑Performance, Scalable and Secure Architecture for Large Web Applications
DevOps
DevOps
Nov 23, 2021 · Operations

Zero‑Downtime Application Deployment: Strategies, Maturity Levels, and Required Technical Components

The article explains why traditional three‑step application releases cause service interruptions, introduces three maturity levels for zero‑downtime deployment, compares blue‑green, rolling, and canary release models, and provides concrete technical components, load‑balancer architectures, and Spring‑Boot/Eureka shutdown procedures to achieve uninterrupted service.

Operationsload balancingrelease
0 likes · 22 min read
Zero‑Downtime Application Deployment: Strategies, Maturity Levels, and Required Technical Components
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Nov 22, 2021 · Operations

How to Build a High‑Availability, High‑Performance, Scalable Web Architecture

This article analyzes the evolution of large‑scale website architecture, covering stages from single‑server setups to layered, distributed, and clustered designs, and explains how caching, read‑write separation, CDN, asynchronous messaging, redundancy, automation, and security collectively achieve high performance, availability, scalability, and extensibility.

architecturecachingdistributed systems
0 likes · 21 min read
How to Build a High‑Availability, High‑Performance, Scalable Web Architecture
Top Architect
Top Architect
Nov 22, 2021 · Backend Development

Designing High‑Concurrency Backend Architecture: Strategies, Tools, and Best Practices

This article presents a comprehensive guide to designing high‑concurrency backend systems, covering server architecture, load balancing, database and NoSQL clustering, caching strategies, concurrency testing tools, message‑queue solutions, first‑level cache, static data handling, layering, distribution, asynchronous processing, redundancy and automation.

Message Queueasynchronous processingbackend architecture
0 likes · 19 min read
Designing High‑Concurrency Backend Architecture: Strategies, Tools, and Best Practices
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Nov 22, 2021 · Backend Development

How to Serve 1 Million Users Buying 10 000 Train Tickets Simultaneously – A High‑Concurrency Architecture Walkthrough

This article analyzes the extreme‑traffic problem of Chinese train ticket sales, presents a multi‑layer load‑balancing architecture with Nginx weighted round‑robin, demonstrates Go and Redis code for local and global stock deduction, and shows benchmark results proving that a single machine can handle over 4 000 requests per second while preventing oversell and few‑sell.

Backend DevelopmentGoRedis
0 likes · 20 min read
How to Serve 1 Million Users Buying 10 000 Train Tickets Simultaneously – A High‑Concurrency Architecture Walkthrough
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Nov 20, 2021 · Cloud Native

Understanding Kubernetes Pods, Services, and Load Balancing

This article explains Kubernetes pod fundamentals, how pods obtain external access, the challenges of using Nginx for load balancing, and why the Service resource with label selectors, kube-proxy, and virtual IPs provides a robust solution for pod traffic distribution.

KubernetesPodscloud native
0 likes · 7 min read
Understanding Kubernetes Pods, Services, and Load Balancing