This article explains the principles, architectures, and trade‑offs of three popular software load balancers—LVS, Nginx, and HAProxy—guiding you to select the right solution based on traffic volume, protocol layer, and operational complexity.
This comprehensive tutorial walks Linux operators through the principles and practical setup of high‑concurrency load balancing using LVS, covering architecture, DR/NAT/TUN modes, kernel tuning, ipvsadm commands, Keepalived high‑availability, and detailed testing procedures to ensure robust, scalable services.
This comprehensive tutorial explains the fundamentals of Linux Virtual Server (LVS), its architecture, scheduling algorithms, and detailed step‑by‑step configurations for NAT, DR, and Tun modes, including scripts, iptables rules, and keepalived HA integration, with testing procedures and reference links.
This article explains the fundamentals of load balancing, compares layer‑2 to layer‑7 approaches, reviews popular software solutions such as LVS, Nginx and HAProxy, and details both static and dynamic balancing algorithms with practical implementation guidance.
This article explains the concept of load balancing, compares HTTP redirection, DNS load balancing, reverse proxy, and various LVS methods (NAT, Direct Routing, IP Tunnel), discusses their advantages, limitations, configuration steps, and practical considerations for building scalable server architectures.
This article introduces a practical LVS traffic anomaly detection method that combines short‑term and long‑term ratio analyses, dynamic thresholds, and periodicity‑aware techniques, providing code examples and a decision flow to help ops teams identify sudden traffic spikes or drops accurately.
This article explains how 360’s Linux Virtual Server (LVS) platform evolved with the FULLNAT forwarding mode, enhancing cross‑VLAN deployment, simplifying real‑server configuration, adding SYN‑proxy protection, and improving UDP handling, while detailing the new deployment architecture and operational benefits.
This article explains the evolution of Alibaba Cloud's high‑performance load balancing, covering early LVS modes, Tengine integration, architectural improvements, and multi‑region high‑availability designs that together deliver massive throughput, fault tolerance, and flexible deployment for cloud services.
This article reviews Alibaba Cloud's high‑performance load‑balancing solution, explaining the evolution from basic load‑balancing concepts to the architecture of LVS and Tengine, detailing their modes, optimizations, high‑availability designs across groups, AZs and regions, and outlining current use cases and future directions.
This interview chronicles Zhang Wensong’s evolution from a university student experimenting with Linux and creating the LVS load‑balancer to a senior executive at Alibaba and Didi, highlighting his open‑source contributions, entrepreneurial ventures, and impact on China’s cloud and transportation technologies.
This article explains Kubernetes Service types, introduces Ingress and the Traefik reverse‑proxy, and demonstrates a practical high‑availability setup that combines LVS with Traefik to expose services externally, including detailed deployment, Service, and Ingress configurations.
This article compares the three most widely used load‑balancing solutions—Nginx, LVS, and HAProxy—detailing their advantages, disadvantages, suitable deployment scenarios, and how they fit into typical web architecture stages from small‑scale sites to large‑scale services.
This article explains how 360’s Linux Virtual Server (LVS) platform has progressed over six years, introducing the FULLNAT forwarding mode, Syn‑Proxy attack protection, a new UDP‑friendly tunnel design, and an enhanced redundant deployment architecture to improve performance, security, and scalability.
This article explains the concept of load balancing, compares HTTP redirection, DNS‑based balancing, reverse‑proxy methods, and Linux Virtual Server techniques (LVS‑NAT, LVS‑DR, LVS‑TUN), detailing their mechanisms, performance trade‑offs, configuration commands, and practical deployment considerations for scalable server infrastructures.
This article explains various load‑balancing techniques—including HTTP redirects, DNS‑based balancing, reverse‑proxy solutions, and Linux Virtual Server methods (LVS‑NAT, LVS‑DR, LVS‑TUN)—detailing their principles, advantages, limitations, and practical configuration commands.
This article explains the principles of load balancing, distinguishes stateless service and stateful data balancing, describes DNS, hardware and software solutions such as F5, HAProxy, LVS, and GSLB, and illustrates real‑world implementations at Alibaba and Tencent while offering practical guidance on sharding, caching, and fault tolerance.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Linux Virtual Server (LVS) load‑balancing clusters, detailing core concepts, packet‑flow mechanisms, key terminology, NAT/DR/TUN modes, scheduling algorithms, step‑by‑step configuration scripts, and high‑availability setup with keepalived, all illustrated with diagrams and command examples.
This article examines various business load scenarios for a logistics management system and presents four progressive load‑balancing architectures—ranging from simple Nginx/Haproxy to DNS round‑robin with LVS and Keepalived—while defining key performance terms and outlining future discussion topics.
This article explains what an LVS cluster is, outlines its types (LB, HA, HP), details common LVS deployment modes (nat, dr, tun) and their features, describes scheduling algorithms, and provides practical ipvsadm commands and configuration examples for building and managing high‑availability Linux load‑balancing clusters.
This article explains the principles and practical deployment steps for high‑availability web architectures using LVS (NAT and DR modes), Keepalived clustering, and Nginx proxy, covering topology diagrams, IPVS rules, weighted scheduling, kernel tweaks, and testing procedures to ensure reliable load balancing.
This guide walks through the principles of Keepalived, its VRRP‑based architecture, and step‑by‑step configuration of a dual‑master LVS high‑availability cluster, covering prerequisites, installation, keepalived setup, real server configuration, testing failover, and handling complete node failures.
A MySQL server experienced max_connection errors due to lingering sleep connections caused by mismatched timeout settings between LVS and HAProxy, and adjusting HAProxy's timeout resolved the issue and prevented further connection exhaustion.
This article explains the Linux Virtual Server (LVS) architecture, its three load‑balancing models (NAT, Direct Routing, and Tunneling), the roles of Director and Real servers, the key IP terminology, and both static and dynamic scheduling algorithms used to distribute network traffic efficiently.
The article explains the three LVS load‑balancing modes—NAT, IP tunnel, and direct routing—and details eight scheduling algorithms (Round‑Robin, Weighted Round‑Robin, Least‑Connection, Weighted Least‑Connection, Locality‑Based, Locality‑Based with Replication, Destination Hashing, and Source Hashing), describing their principles and use cases.
This article explains the architecture of Linux Virtual Server (LVS) load balancers, detailing the roles of the Director server, Real servers, shared storage, and the three primary IPVS scheduling modes—DR, NAT/FULL NAT, and TUN—including their mechanisms, advantages, and configuration considerations.
This article provides a comprehensive technical guide to Linux Virtual Server (LVS) architecture, covering the load‑balancer layer, server array, shared storage, and detailed explanations of DR, NAT, Full NAT, and IP‑tunnel modes along with their scheduling algorithms and practical deployment considerations.
The article explains the three LVS load‑balancing modes—NAT, IP tunnel, and direct routing—and details eight scheduling algorithms, including round‑robin, weighted round‑robin, least‑connection, weighted least‑connection, locality‑based, locality‑based with replication, destination‑hashing, and source‑hashing, highlighting their principles and use cases.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of software load balancing, detailing the architecture, features, performance, and deployment strategies of Nginx, LVS, and HAProxy, and includes practical scenarios for front‑end, internal, and high‑availability setups.
This article explains the fundamentals of Linux Virtual Server (LVS), covering its architecture, kernel model, packet‑forwarding modes (NAT, DR, TUN), and both static and dynamic scheduling algorithms to help readers design scalable load‑balancing solutions.
This guide explains how to achieve high‑availability MySQL master‑master replication by combining LVS load balancing with Keepalived failover, covering installation, configuration, script creation, service management, testing, and a concise summary of the solution.
This article introduces Linux Virtual Server (LVS), explains its integration into the Linux kernel, outlines its goals for high‑performance, highly available server clusters, and provides a brief mind‑map overview along with a quiz on LVS modes and its founder’s nickname.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of software load balancing, detailing the architecture, features, performance characteristics, and various load‑balancing strategies of Nginx, LVS, and HAProxy, and explains how to choose and deploy them in different scenarios.
This tutorial walks you through installing LVS on a Red Hat server, configuring the router, setting up virtual and real servers, adjusting ARP tables, and validating the cluster with ipvsadm, curl, and Tsung performance testing, all while ensuring high‑throughput static web delivery.
This article explains common load‑balancing solutions, details Linux Virtual Server (LVS) architecture, types, scheduling algorithms, and provides practical ipvsadm command examples for configuring NAT, DR, TUN, and FULLNAT models in a Linux environment.
This article explains why vertical scaling reaches limits, compares the pros and cons of vertical versus horizontal scaling, and provides detailed guidance on load‑balancing, high‑availability, and high‑performance clusters, including implementation methods, key terminology, and model-specific rules.
This article explains how Linux Virtual Server (LVS) distributes incoming requests among backend machines, detailing four common scheduling algorithms—simple round‑robin, weighted round‑robin, least‑connections, and weighted least‑connections—along with example code and a visual illustration of request allocation.
LVS (Linux Virtual Server) is a core kernel module for load balancing that forwards client requests to backend servers using three main mechanisms—Network Address Translation (NAT), IP tunneling (TUN), and Direct Routing (DR)—each with distinct packet handling and performance characteristics.
This article explains how stateless application servers combined with load balancers form scalable clusters, detailing request routing, scaling strategies, and common implementations such as Nginx for HTTP forwarding and LVS for IP‑level balancing.
This article explains the fundamentals of load balancing, introduces Linux Virtual Server (LVS) and its architecture, and provides a step‑by‑step guide to set up a DR‑mode LVS cluster with Keepalived on CentOS, including configuration, testing, and failover verification.
This guide walks through the concepts of VRRP, the keepalived daemon, and step‑by‑step installation and configuration of a redundant LVS load‑balancing setup on Linux, including node preparation, keepalived.conf tuning, HTTP service deployment, and health‑check scripting.
Keepalived, built on LVS, automatically monitors service nodes, isolates failed machines, and performs seamless failover between load balancers using VRRPv2, allowing web servers to be added or removed without manual intervention, thus ensuring high availability and efficient load distribution.
This guide explains the fundamentals of Linux Virtual Server (LVS), covering cluster concepts, types, scheduling algorithms, ipvsadm commands, and detailed configuration examples for NAT and DR models, culminating in a complete web‑server load‑balancing deployment with Discuz on CentOS.
This article examines how load‑balancing technologies such as Nginx, LVS, and HAProxy are chosen according to website scale, outlines their respective strengths and weaknesses, and describes typical deployment stages from simple single‑point setups to complex multi‑layer architectures.
This article explains the TCP KeepAlive mechanism, why load balancers like LVS and F5 drop idle connections after 90 seconds, how to configure Linux kernel and socket options, and the correct way to enable TCP KeepAlive in Nginx to prevent premature disconnects.
This article examines common website architecture layers, compares hardware (F5) and software (LVS, Nginx) load‑balancing solutions, discusses high‑availability setups with Keepalived/Heartbeat, evaluates their network dependencies, and offers practical recommendations for choosing and monitoring load‑balancers, file servers, and databases in high‑traffic environments.
