Tagged articles

NAT

136 articles · Page 2 of 2

Nov 26, 2019 · Industry Insights

Why IPv4 Addresses Are Gone and How IPv6 Will Shape the Future Internet

The article explains that the global pool of 4.3 billion IPv4 addresses has been fully allocated, outlines the historical timeline of regional exhaustion, describes mitigation techniques such as address reuse and NAT, and makes a compelling case for transitioning to IPv6 with its vastly larger address space and technical advantages.

Address ExhaustionIPv4IPv6

0 likes · 8 min read

Why IPv4 Addresses Are Gone and How IPv6 Will Shape the Future Internet

Practical DevOps Architecture

Jul 25, 2019 · Operations

Configuring PPPoE Access on a USG Firewall

This guide details step‑by‑step configuration of a USG firewall to act as a PPPoE client, covering VLAN interface setup, DHCP server, NAT, security zones, DNS proxy, static routing, and verification commands to ensure Internet connectivity for a LAN.

DHCPNATNetwork Configuration

0 likes · 9 min read

Configuring PPPoE Access on a USG Firewall

Practical DevOps Architecture

Nov 21, 2018 · Information Security

Configuring an IPSec Site‑to‑Site VPN Between Headquarters and Branch NAT Devices

This guide demonstrates how to configure routers, firewalls, NAT, and IPSec policies to establish a site‑to‑site VPN between a headquarters and branch office when both use NAT devices, enabling mutual access and internet connectivity.

IPsecNATNetwork Configuration

0 likes · 11 min read

Configuring an IPSec Site‑to‑Site VPN Between Headquarters and Branch NAT Devices

MaGe Linux Operations

Oct 26, 2018 · Operations

Step-by-Step Guide to Build a Secure Linux Network with iptables and DHCP

This tutorial walks through designing a network topology, configuring static and DHCP IPs, disabling the default firewall, installing and initializing iptables and DHCP services, setting up NAT and port forwarding, and persisting the configuration on a Linux server.

DHCPLinuxNAT

0 likes · 6 min read

Step-by-Step Guide to Build a Secure Linux Network with iptables and DHCP

MaGe Linux Operations

Sep 27, 2018 · Operations

How to Build a Scalable E‑Commerce Site with LVS Load‑Balancing (NAT, DR, SSL)

This guide walks through expanding an e‑commerce website from 1,000 QPS to 3,000 QPS by deploying an LVS load‑balancing cluster, covering NAT and DR modes, IPVS configuration, kernel tuning, persistent connections, and SSL termination with step‑by‑step commands and diagrams.

DR modeIPVSLVS

0 likes · 13 min read

How to Build a Scalable E‑Commerce Site with LVS Load‑Balancing (NAT, DR, SSL)

Ops Development Stories

May 30, 2018 · Information Security

Mastering iptables: A Complete Guide to Linux Firewall Rules and NAT

This comprehensive guide explains the fundamentals of iptables, covering its architecture, chain and table concepts, rule syntax, matching modules, actions, and practical examples for filtering, NAT, and port forwarding, enabling readers to configure Linux firewalls effectively in virtual or container environments.

Linux firewallNATiptables

0 likes · 16 min read

Mastering iptables: A Complete Guide to Linux Firewall Rules and NAT

Ctrip Technology

Jan 25, 2018 · Operations

Software Session Border Controller (SBC): Overview, Application Scenarios, and Practical Implementation Experience

This article introduces Session Border Controllers (SBC), outlines three typical deployment scenarios, and shares detailed practical experiences—including architecture, implementation steps, and common pitfalls—of building software‑based SBC solutions such as VAG, VIG, and VTG for VoIP services.

FreeSWITCHNATOpenSIPS

0 likes · 11 min read

Software Session Border Controller (SBC): Overview, Application Scenarios, and Practical Implementation Experience

MaGe Linux Operations

Jan 20, 2018 · Operations

Mastering LVS: A Complete Guide to Linux Load Balancing with NAT, DR, and Keepalived

This comprehensive tutorial explains the fundamentals of Linux Virtual Server (LVS), its architecture, scheduling algorithms, and detailed step‑by‑step configurations for NAT, DR, and Tun modes, including scripts, iptables rules, and keepalived HA integration, with testing procedures and reference links.

DRIPVSLVS

0 likes · 23 min read

Mastering LVS: A Complete Guide to Linux Load Balancing with NAT, DR, and Keepalived

Practical DevOps Architecture

Sep 15, 2017 · Operations

Configuring PPPoE, NAT, and DHCP on Huawei AR2220 Router (WAN‑Only Model)

This guide details how to configure a Huawei AR2220 router with a single WAN port to enable PPPoE dial‑up, set up default routing, NAT, and DHCP services so that internal LAN users can access the Internet using the specified credentials.

DHCPNATPPPoE

0 likes · 5 min read

Configuring PPPoE, NAT, and DHCP on Huawei AR2220 Router (WAN‑Only Model)

Practical DevOps Architecture

Sep 15, 2017 · Operations

Configuring ACL and NAT on Huawei AR Routers to Restrict Web Access

This guide demonstrates how to configure ACL and NAT on Huawei AR series routers to block internal hosts from accessing external web interfaces and to restrict web management access to specific subnets, including step‑by‑step command examples and verification procedures.

ACLHuaweiNAT

0 likes · 5 min read

Configuring ACL and NAT on Huawei AR Routers to Restrict Web Access

MaGe Linux Operations

Aug 4, 2017 · Operations

Build a Secure LAN with iptables NAT and DHCP on CentOS

This guide walks through setting up a LAN with a static‑IP server, configuring iptables firewall rules, enabling NAT and port forwarding, and deploying a DHCP server on CentOS, complete with sample configuration files and command‑line steps.

CentOSDHCPNAT

0 likes · 6 min read

Build a Secure LAN with iptables NAT and DHCP on CentOS

Practical DevOps Architecture

Mar 2, 2017 · Operations

Sample Huawei Router Configuration Commands

This document provides a comprehensive set of Huawei router configuration commands covering system settings, SNMP, time, portal loading, security policies, ACL rules, user authentication, firewall zones, interface definitions, IP addressing, NAT, static routes, and user interface configurations.

ACLConfigurationNAT

0 likes · 4 min read

Sample Huawei Router Configuration Commands

Practical DevOps Architecture

Sep 14, 2016 · Operations

Troubleshooting Policy Routing and NAT Redirection Issue on AR2240 Interface GE0/0/0

This article details a troubleshooting case on an AR2240 device where policy routing and NAT redirection prevented an internal host from reaching a server via a public IP, explains the root cause of missing ACL rules, and provides the configuration changes that resolved the issue.

AR2240NATNetwork

0 likes · 5 min read

Troubleshooting Policy Routing and NAT Redirection Issue on AR2240 Interface GE0/0/0

Practical DevOps Architecture

Aug 26, 2016 · Information Security

Understanding and Configuring Bidirectional NAT (Source NAT + NAT Server) on Huawei Firewalls

This article explains how to combine source NAT and NAT Server to implement bidirectional NAT on Huawei firewalls, classifies inter‑zone and intra‑zone NAT types, provides detailed configuration examples, and discusses the benefits and packet flow of each scenario.

Bidirectional NATHuawei FirewallNAT

0 likes · 12 min read

Understanding and Configuring Bidirectional NAT (Source NAT + NAT Server) on Huawei Firewalls

Practical DevOps Architecture

Aug 26, 2016 · Information Security

Split NAT Server Configuration and Source‑Return Path in USG Firewalls

This article explains how to split a NAT server across two ISPs using zone or no‑reverse parameters, addresses source‑return path issues with redirect‑reverse or reverse‑route commands, and shows how adding VRRP resolves ARP conflicts and intermittent connectivity in dual‑firewall deployments.

NATSource-ReturnUSG

0 likes · 10 min read

Split NAT Server Configuration and Source‑Return Path in USG Firewalls

Practical DevOps Architecture

Jul 28, 2016 · Fundamentals

Configuring NAT Server and NAT Outbound on Huawei Routers for Internal and External Access

This guide explains how to set up NAT server and NAT outbound on a Huawei router so that internal users can access a server via the router's WAN IP on port 80 and external users can reach the same server using port 8089, including required ACL and interface configurations.

ACLHuaweiNAT

0 likes · 3 min read

Configuring NAT Server and NAT Outbound on Huawei Routers for Internal and External Access

Practical DevOps Architecture

Jul 27, 2016 · Operations

Configuring Web Interface ACL and NAT for Server Access and Resolving AR2200 LAC VPN Connectivity Issues

This guide details step‑by‑step configuration of ACL and static NAT on the web interface for same‑subnet and different‑subnet scenarios, explains a VPN routing problem on an AR2200 LAC, identifies the NAT‑related root cause, and provides the corrective actions.

ACLL2TPNAT

0 likes · 5 min read

Configuring Web Interface ACL and NAT for Server Access and Resolving AR2200 LAC VPN Connectivity Issues

Practical DevOps Architecture

Jul 7, 2016 · Information Security

Troubleshooting ACL Configuration on AR Devices: Rule Order and Interface Application

This article explains why a denied PC can still access the Internet on an AR device due to ACL rule ordering and missing external‑interface application, and provides step‑by‑step configuration changes, including revised ACL statements and the required traffic‑filter command.

ACLAR DeviceNAT

0 likes · 3 min read

Troubleshooting ACL Configuration on AR Devices: Rule Order and Interface Application

Practical DevOps Architecture

Jun 24, 2016 · Operations

Huawei Router Configuration for Automatic ISP Traffic Separation and Failover

This guide explains how to configure a Huawei router to automatically differentiate China Telecom and China Unicom traffic, route each to its respective ISP, and enable seamless failover to the Telecom line if the Unicom link fails, using NAT, ACLs, and policy routing.

ACLHuaweiNAT

0 likes · 10 min read

Huawei Router Configuration for Automatic ISP Traffic Separation and Failover

Practical DevOps Architecture

Jun 20, 2016 · Operations

Troubleshooting NAT Access Issues for an Internal Web Server on a Huawei Router

This article explains why accessing an internal web server via its public NAT address fails, analyzes the current Huawei router configuration, and provides step‑by‑step NAT and ACL adjustments along with alternative access methods to resolve the issue.

ConfigurationHuaweiNAT

0 likes · 5 min read

Troubleshooting NAT Access Issues for an Internal Web Server on a Huawei Router

21CTO

Jun 18, 2016 · Operations

How LVS Load Balancer Distributes Traffic: Deep Dive into DR, NAT, and TUN Modes

This article explains the architecture of Linux Virtual Server (LVS) load balancers, detailing the roles of the Director server, Real servers, shared storage, and the three primary IPVS scheduling modes—DR, NAT/FULL NAT, and TUN—including their mechanisms, advantages, and configuration considerations.

DR modeIPVSLVS

0 likes · 14 min read

How LVS Load Balancer Distributes Traffic: Deep Dive into DR, NAT, and TUN Modes

dbaplus Community

Jun 16, 2016 · Operations

Mastering LVS: Deep Dive into Load Balancer Architectures and Scheduling Algorithms

This article provides a comprehensive technical guide to Linux Virtual Server (LVS) architecture, covering the load‑balancer layer, server array, shared storage, and detailed explanations of DR, NAT, Full NAT, and IP‑tunnel modes along with their scheduling algorithms and practical deployment considerations.

DR modeIP TunnelingLVS

0 likes · 16 min read

Mastering LVS: Deep Dive into Load Balancer Architectures and Scheduling Algorithms

Baidu Intelligent Testing

Apr 27, 2016 · Operations

Understanding Cross‑Operator Issues: DNS Hijacking, NAT Dynamics, and Mitigation Strategies

This article explains how DNS hijacking and dynamic NAT can cause cross‑operator network slowdowns, illustrates real‑world examples, and presents practical solutions such as httpDNS and flow‑302 redirection to improve connectivity and user experience.

DNSHTTPDNSNAT

0 likes · 6 min read

Understanding Cross‑Operator Issues: DNS Hijacking, NAT Dynamics, and Mitigation Strategies

Java High-Performance Architecture

Nov 12, 2015 · Operations

How Linux Virtual Server (LVS) Directs Traffic: NAT, IP Tunnel, Direct Routing Explained

LVS (Linux Virtual Server) is a core kernel module for load balancing that forwards client requests to backend servers using three main mechanisms—Network Address Translation (NAT), IP tunneling (TUN), and Direct Routing (DR)—each with distinct packet handling and performance characteristics.

Direct RoutingIP tunnelLVS

0 likes · 3 min read

How Linux Virtual Server (LVS) Directs Traffic: NAT, IP Tunnel, Direct Routing Explained

Practical DevOps Architecture

Oct 16, 2015 · Operations

Router NAT and ACL Configuration for External and Internal Interfaces

This article provides a step‑by‑step configuration example for a router, detailing external and internal interface settings, NAT server and static NAT rules, outbound NAT policies, and corresponding ACLs to control traffic between multiple subnets.

ACLNATrouter

0 likes · 5 min read

Router NAT and ACL Configuration for External and Internal Interfaces

Practical DevOps Architecture

Sep 30, 2015 · Operations

Step-by-Step Switch and Firewall Configuration Guide (VLAN, DHCP, NAT, and Routing)

This guide provides detailed commands to configure a switch for user access VLANs, set up a firewall as both a layer‑3 and layer‑2 device with VLAN interfaces, DHCP/DNS, security zones, static routing, and NAT to enable internal users to reach external networks.

DHCPNATNetwork

0 likes · 8 min read

Step-by-Step Switch and Firewall Configuration Guide (VLAN, DHCP, NAT, and Routing)

Practical DevOps Architecture

Sep 21, 2015 · Operations

Can PC1 Access PC2's WWW Service When Return Traffic Bypasses the NAT Router?

This article discusses whether PC1 can successfully access PC2’s web service when outbound traffic passes through a NAT router but the return packets bypass the router via a core switch, examining potential TCP connection issues caused by asymmetric routing and providing relevant ACL and NAT configuration examples.

ACLAsymmetric RoutingNAT

0 likes · 3 min read

Can PC1 Access PC2's WWW Service When Return Traffic Bypasses the NAT Router?

MaGe Linux Operations

Sep 9, 2015 · Cloud Computing

Understanding Single-Host Virtual Network Models: NAT, Routing, Bridge, and Isolation

This article explains how Linux hosts use TAP/TUN to simulate virtual switches and layer‑3 devices, detailing four common single‑host virtual network models—NAT, routing, bridge, and isolation—and how they enable communication between virtual machines and external networks.

LinuxNATNetwork Model

0 likes · 5 min read

Understanding Single-Host Virtual Network Models: NAT, Routing, Bridge, and Isolation

MaGe Linux Operations

Aug 26, 2015 · Operations

Mastering VMware Workstation: Configure Bridged, Host‑Only, and NAT Networking

This guide explains how VMware Workstation simulates physical network devices, sets up virtual NICs and switches, and uses DHCP and NAT services to enable guest VMs to communicate internally, bridge to the host network, or access the Internet.

DHCPNATVMware

0 likes · 8 min read

Mastering VMware Workstation: Configure Bridged, Host‑Only, and NAT Networking

Practical DevOps Architecture

Jul 10, 2015 · Operations

Router NAT and ACL Configuration Guide for Campus Network

This article explains how to configure ACLs and NAT on a campus router, including static global NAT, outbound NAT with Easy‑IP, loopback interface setup, and verification steps to ensure internal users can reach the server via the public IP address.

ACLConfigurationNAT

0 likes · 4 min read

Router NAT and ACL Configuration Guide for Campus Network

Practical DevOps Architecture

Jun 15, 2015 · Information Security

Configuring NAT, ACL, and Static Routing on a Router

This guide demonstrates how to configure NAT with an ACL, set up internal and external interface IP addresses, define a default static route, and create an ACL‑based traffic policy to block specific internal hosts from accessing a given external IP address.

ACLNATRouter configuration

0 likes · 3 min read

Configuring NAT, ACL, and Static Routing on a Router

Practical DevOps Architecture

Jun 8, 2015 · Operations

Configuring Internal Server Access with NAT and FTP ALG on a Router

This guide details step‑by‑step router configuration to assign interface IPs, set up VLANs, create NAT server mappings for web and FTP services, define a default static route, and enable FTP NAT ALG so external users can reach internal servers securely.

FTPNATrouter

0 likes · 4 min read

Configuring Internal Server Access with NAT and FTP ALG on a Router

MaGe Linux Operations

Jun 2, 2015 · Operations

Master LVS Load Balancing: Build High‑Performance Linux Clusters Step‑by‑Step

This guide explains the fundamentals of Linux Virtual Server (LVS), covering cluster concepts, types, scheduling algorithms, ipvsadm commands, and detailed configuration examples for NAT and DR models, culminating in a complete web‑server load‑balancing deployment with Discuz on CentOS.

DRLVSLinux

0 likes · 15 min read

Master LVS Load Balancing: Build High‑Performance Linux Clusters Step‑by‑Step

Practical DevOps Architecture

May 20, 2015 · Operations

Troubleshooting Slow Internet on AR Routers: Common Causes and Solutions

This guide outlines how to diagnose and resolve slow internet on AR routers by checking CPU usage, TCP MSS settings, traffic load, uplink bandwidth, link negotiation, NAT resource limits, and potential network virus infections, providing specific commands and configuration steps for each issue.

CPU overloadNATlink negotiation

0 likes · 4 min read

Troubleshooting Slow Internet on AR Routers: Common Causes and Solutions

Practical DevOps Architecture

May 7, 2015 · Operations

Example Network Configuration: External/Internal IPs, DHCP, Routing, ACL, and NAT

This article provides a step‑by‑step network configuration example showing how to set external and internal IP addresses, enable DHCP, define static routes, create ACL rules, and configure NAT outbound translation on a router.

ACLNATRouting

0 likes · 2 min read

Example Network Configuration: External/Internal IPs, DHCP, Routing, ACL, and NAT

MaGe Linux Operations

Aug 9, 2014 · Information Security

Master Linux iptables: From Basics to Advanced Firewall Rules

This comprehensive guide explains Linux firewall concepts, the evolution and operation of iptables, rule chains, policies, command syntax, matching criteria, state tracking, NAT/DNAT techniques, and practical exercises, providing readers with the knowledge to configure and manage secure network access effectively.

LinuxNATfirewall

0 likes · 17 min read

Master Linux iptables: From Basics to Advanced Firewall Rules