The article explains how Databricks’ scaling challenges with PostgreSQL inspired the creation of DBOS, a database‑oriented operating system that places the OS beneath a distributed transactional database to simplify task scheduling, state management, and cloud‑native workloads.
The article explains how thousands of simultaneous client connections to a single PostgreSQL primary can cause severe write‑performance degradation, how introducing a connection pool such as pgBouncer reduces active backend processes dramatically, and why external pooling is preferred over built‑in solutions, illustrated with real‑world examples and a reference to the open‑source Pigsty distribution.
PostgreSQL has officially deprecated MD5 password authentication, outlining a phased removal across upcoming releases and urging users to transition to the more secure SCRAM‑SHA‑256 method to protect against hash‑based attacks.
This article explores why leading enterprises and developers favor PostgreSQL, detailing its widespread adoption by major firms, its robust feature set, historical evolution, and how its extensibility and open‑source nature make it a compelling alternative to traditional enterprise databases.
This guide walks you through deploying pgpool2_exporter, configuring Prometheus to scrape its metrics, and setting up Grafana dashboards so you can continuously monitor PGPool-II performance and quickly detect issues in a PostgreSQL environment.
This article explains the need for vector databases in the AI era, reviews PostgreSQL's extensible ecosystem, compares vector‑database options, provides step‑by‑step PgVector installation and usage, shares operational best practices, performance tuning tips, and real‑world Qunar & Tujia case studies.
This article demonstrates how to boost the insertion speed of over two million records in a PostgreSQL database by configuring a Spring Boot ThreadPoolTaskExecutor for multithreaded batch processing, detailing the setup, code implementation, performance testing, and analysis of results.
Learn how to deploy postgres_exporter, configure PostgreSQL extensions, set up Prometheus scraping, and create Grafana dashboards for comprehensive PostgreSQL performance monitoring, complete with command-line instructions and tips for verifying data collection and visualizing metrics.
The article explains how Oracle DBAs transitioning to PostgreSQL often misinterpret work_mem and cursor sharing, showing how improper settings can drastically change execution plans, increase query time, and cause performance issues, while also highlighting differences in memory management and plan caching between the two systems.
This article compares MySQL and PostgreSQL, outlining their histories, architectural differences, benchmark results for SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE operations, and discusses suitable scenarios, advantages, disadvantages, and guidance on selecting the appropriate database for various application needs.
This guide provides step‑by‑step shell scripts, directory setups, cron jobs, and cleanup commands for reliable backup and restore of Oracle (RMAN and logical), MySQL (full, incremental, Percona XtraBackup), PostgreSQL (logical and physical with pg_rman), and openGauss databases, including retention policies and automation tips.
This guide walks through deploying a PostgreSQL instance with the PostGIS extension on a CentOS server using Docker Compose, covering image retrieval, docker‑compose configuration, environment variables, logging settings, container startup, and verification of PostGIS integration.
This article examines the compatibility landscape of major Chinese database products, comparing their support for Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL and other standards, and outlines the available assessment and migration tools to help users choose the right solution for heterogeneous environments.
Using many ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS temporary tables in PostgreSQL can cause severe performance degradation and lock contention due to large temp_buffers, unnecessary catalog bloat, and costly truncation loops, especially in older versions or Greenplum forks.
This article surveys the compatibility of major Chinese database products with Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL and other systems, covering compatibility targets, levels, assessment methods, migration tools, and specific feature support such as protocols, data types, character sets, SQL syntax, procedural languages, built‑in functions, system views, optimizer capabilities and security features.
PostgreSQL 17, released on September 26 2024, brings major performance upgrades, enhanced memory management, faster vacuum, improved I/O, new SQL/JSON features, expanded logical replication, stronger security options, and a host of additional tools that modernize database development and administration.
PostgreSQL 17, announced on 2024‑09‑26, brings major performance upgrades, extensive SQL/JSON enhancements, improved logical replication, new security and management options, and a host of developer‑friendly features that position it as the world’s most advanced open‑source database.
PostgreSQL 17 introduces a highly optimized incremental backup built into the core, expanded SQL/JSON functions aligned with the SQL:2023 standard, and a configurable SLRU cache, all aimed at improving performance, recovery speed, and developer productivity for modern database workloads.
This article walks through converting a SpringBoot + MybatisPlus application from MySQL to PostgreSQL, covering driver addition, JDBC URL changes, dozens of SQL syntax incompatibilities, custom conversion functions, and handy PostgreSQL scripts for bulk column type and default value updates.
This guide explains PostgreSQL table partitioning, covering its definition, benefits, drawbacks, the three partition types (RANGE, LIST, HASH), step‑by‑step SQL commands for creating partitions, indexes, and managing them, and concludes with practical recommendations for effective use.
This article walks through converting a SpringBoot + MyBatisPlus project from MySQL to PostgreSQL, detailing driver setup, JDBC changes, common SQL pitfalls, type‑conversion issues, and provides helper scripts for bulk schema adjustments.
This article details a real‑world performance case where a high‑concurrency interface processing over two million rows was diagnosed and optimized through SQL tuning, Java code refactoring, and caching, ultimately reducing response time from 30 seconds to under 0.8 seconds.
MongoDB reported a 13% revenue rise to $478.1 million in Q2 2025, highlighted a major win over PostgreSQL at Fanatics Betting & Gaming, and emphasized its flexible JSON‑like architecture, horizontal scaling, and sharding advantages while noting ongoing competition and a revised growth outlook.
This article explains the necessity of vector databases for AI workloads, reviews the PostgreSQL ecosystem, compares vector database options, provides detailed PgVector installation and usage steps, shares operational best‑practices, performance tuning tips, and real‑world deployment cases at Qunar and Tujia.
This article introduces ReadySet, an open‑source SQL caching layer for MySQL and PostgreSQL, explains its architecture and advantages, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for installing the Docker image, configuring connections, creating caches, and testing query performance to achieve millisecond‑level response times.
After a power outage caused a PostgreSQL instance running in Kubernetes to fail with connection errors and an invalid primary checkpoint record, this guide explains how to diagnose missing socket files, inspect process IDs, use pg_resetwal to repair the checkpoint, and successfully restart the database.
This article explores how PostgreSQL’s advanced features—UNLOGGED tables, JSONB, SKIP LOCKED, TimescaleDB, pg_cron, PostGIS, full‑text search, JSON generation, pgaudit, and GraphQL adapters—can replace specialized tools like Kafka, Redis, MongoDB, and others, simplifying the tech stack while boosting performance and maintainability.
This guide provides a comprehensive collection of ready-to-use shell scripts and step-by-step instructions for backing up and restoring major databases—including Oracle RMAN, logical and physical backups, MySQL full and incremental backups with Xtrabackup, PostgreSQL logical and physical backups, and openGauss dump scripts—plus scheduling and cleanup procedures.
This article presents a real‑world case study of a high‑concurrency data‑processing interface whose response time was reduced from 30 seconds to under one second by diagnosing SQL bottlenecks, refactoring MyBatis code, applying PostgreSQL array aggregation, and introducing a Caffeine cache, while also discussing the limits of relational databases and promoting related AI services.
This article details the step‑by‑step process of switching a SpringBoot‑MyBatisPlus application from MySQL to PostgreSQL, covering driver integration, JDBC configuration changes, numerous SQL and type‑conversion pitfalls, and provides ready‑to‑run PostgreSQL scripts for bulk column adjustments and default values.
The article explains PostgreSQL's 1 GB memory allocation limit, shows how inserting large BYTEA values triggers the “invalid memory alloc request size” error, explores the underlying memory‑context code, and offers practical work‑arounds for migration from Oracle.
This article presents a real‑world case study of a high‑concurrency transaction‑statistics API that originally took 30 seconds to respond, detailing problem diagnosis, SQL and Java code analysis, and a series of optimizations—including SQL rewrites, database‑side calculations, and Caffeine caching—that ultimately brought the response time below one second.
This article demonstrates how to boost the insertion speed of over two million records by using Spring Boot with MyBatis‑Plus, a ThreadPoolTaskExecutor for multithreaded batch inserts, and detailed performance testing that shows a reduction from 5.75 minutes to 1.67 minutes.
This article presents a real‑world case study of a high‑concurrency transaction‑handling API that originally required 30 seconds to process over two million records, and details the step‑by‑step SQL, Java, and caching optimizations that brought the response time down to under one second.
This article presents a real‑world case of optimizing a high‑concurrency transaction‑statistics API, detailing diagnosis of a 30‑second latency, SQL refactoring with array_agg and unnest, Java‑level improvements, and Caffeine caching, while also sharing promotional offers for ChatGPT services and a developer community.
Instagram grew from a simple photo‑sharing app to over 2.5 billion users, prompting engineers to adopt horizontal scaling, replace Python code with Cython, use region‑specific Cassandra clusters, employ the Akkio data‑placement service, and optimize PostgreSQL and Memcache handling to improve resource utilization, data consistency, and latency.
This article provides a comprehensive, hands‑on tutorial for planning, installing, configuring, and verifying a PostgreSQL master‑slave (streaming replication) setup on two Linux nodes, including user creation, remote connection settings, data export/import, and troubleshooting tips.
This article compares MongoDB’s document‑oriented storage with PostgreSQL’s relational model for generative AI workloads, detailing how JSON, JSONB, and BSON affect insert and read performance across a series of benchmarks on identical hardware.
This article explains how implicit type conversions in PostgreSQL can cause index loss, drastically misestimate row counts, and force inefficient join strategies, illustrating the issue with concrete examples, detailed execution plans, and step‑by‑step optimizations that restore index usage and boost performance thousands of times.
This article details how to switch a SpringBoot + MybatisPlus + MySQL project to PostgreSQL by adding the driver, updating JDBC settings, handling numerous SQL and type‑conversion pitfalls, and provides ready‑to‑run PostgreSQL scripts for bulk column modifications and default‑value settings.
An in‑depth comparison of PostgreSQL and MySQL covers their histories, ACID compliance, performance, scalability, advanced features, security, backup strategies, installation on Linux, and provides practical SQL code examples to help full‑stack developers choose the right open‑source relational database for their projects.
Oracle’s post‑acquisition strategy has left MySQL lagging behind modern developers, while PostgreSQL, praised for features like parallel queries and vector search, now dominates the open‑source database market, prompting calls for MySQL’s transfer to the Linux Foundation to avoid obsolescence.
This guide walks you through migrating a SpringBoot + MyBatis‑Plus application from MySQL to PostgreSQL, covering driver addition, JDBC configuration changes, common SQL syntax pitfalls, transaction handling quirks, and provides batch scripts for schema adjustments and type conversions to ensure a smooth transition.
This article details how to switch a SpringBoot‑MyBatisPlus‑MySQL application to PostgreSQL, covering driver addition, JDBC configuration changes, numerous SQL and type‑conversion pitfalls, helper scripts for bulk column updates, and essential migration notes.
This guide walks through converting a SpringBoot + MybatisPlus + MySQL application to PostgreSQL, covering driver setup, JDBC changes, common SQL incompatibilities, type conversion issues, and provides batch scripts for adjusting timestamps and defaults while highlighting typical pitfalls and solutions.
The article compares MySQL and PostgreSQL, covering their histories, architecture hierarchies, benchmark performance on SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE, suitable use cases, and summarizes PostgreSQL’s advantages and disadvantages relative to MySQL, providing guidance for choosing the appropriate database.
Amid the rise of vector databases, AI, and cloud computing, this article explains how PostgreSQL’s flexibility, extensibility, and open‑source community are reigniting SQL’s relevance in 2024, uniting OLTP and OLAP workloads and positioning PostgreSQL as the versatile backbone for modern data management.
This article provides an overview of MySQL and PostgreSQL, compares their performance in SELECT, INSERT, and UPDATE operations under identical hardware, and discusses suitable scenarios for each database, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of both systems.
Infisical’s engineering team recounts their three‑month journey of moving from MongoDB to PostgreSQL, detailing the motivations, technical challenges, ORM choices, migration planning, execution steps, and the performance and reliability gains achieved after the switch.
This tutorial walks through building a PostgreSQL high‑availability cluster using Pacemaker and Corosync, covering architecture overview, component installation, cluster status checks, data synchronization verification, failover handling, and common maintenance commands with concrete commands and screenshots.
The article details Linear's most severe five‑year outage caused by an accidental TRUNCATE CASCADE on a PostgreSQL table, walks through the minute‑by‑minute timeline, explains why CI checks missed the error, and outlines the recovery steps and post‑mortem lessons for future database safety.
The article analyses the historical, technical, and market reasons why MySQL became the mainstream database in mainland China, contrasts its simplicity and performance with PostgreSQL's advanced transaction and consistency features, and discusses whether PostgreSQL can realistically replace MySQL in enterprise scenarios.
Infisical, an open‑source secret‑management platform, migrated its data store from MongoDB to PostgreSQL to overcome transaction, schema, and cloud‑provider limitations, detailing the decision process, ORM choice, migration planning, execution steps, and the performance and usability benefits achieved.
This article examines GitLab’s extensive PostgreSQL schema, explaining why the project uses a pure‑SQL structure file, how primary‑key choices, internal versus external IDs, naming conventions, timestamps, text types, partitioning, GIN indexes, JSONB columns, foreign‑key strategies and other data‑type decisions impact performance, maintainability, and scalability.
This article explains the WKB binary format, its storage advantages in MySQL and PostgreSQL, and provides step‑by‑step Java code using JTS's GeometryFactory, WKBWriter, and WKBReader to write a Point to WKB, convert it to a hex string, and read it back into a geometry object.
This article demonstrates how to boost the performance of inserting over two million records by configuring a ThreadPoolTaskExecutor in a Spring Boot application, providing detailed implementation code, test results comparing multithreaded and single‑threaded approaches, and practical recommendations for optimal thread pool sizing.
The article outlines a developer‑focused wishlist for PostgreSQL, proposing built‑in versioned schemas, online schema changes, instant branch creation akin to Git, configurable archive tables, a flexible key‑value labeling system, and tighter Git integration, while highlighting industry examples such as Neon, Xata, Snaplet, Supabase and Bytebase.
This article compares PostgreSQL and MySQL across history, ACID compliance, performance, scalability, advanced features, tooling, security, backup strategies, and Linux installation steps, helping full‑stack developers choose the most suitable open‑source relational database for their projects.
This article traces PostgreSQL’s evolution from an academic project to a versatile data‑management framework, highlights its extensive extensions, performance benchmarks, and the shifting landscape of OLTP/OLAP, showing how its open‑source extensibility is reshaping the entire database world.
This article introduces MySQL and PostgreSQL, compares their architectures, presents benchmark results showing PostgreSQL's superior SELECT, INSERT, and UPDATE performance, discusses suitable application scenarios, and summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of each database for informed selection.
This article introduces MySQL and PostgreSQL, compares their architectures and benchmark results on identical hardware, highlights PostgreSQL's superior read/write performance, and discusses the strengths, weaknesses, and ideal use‑case scenarios for each database system.
This article details how Instagram grew from zero to 14 million users in just over a year using three engineers by applying three core principles and a reliable AWS‑based tech stack covering frontend, load balancing, backend, PostgreSQL sharding, S3 storage, Redis caching, asynchronous task queues, and comprehensive monitoring.
This article introduces MySQL and PostgreSQL, compares their architectures and benchmark results, highlights performance differences in SELECT, INSERT, and UPDATE operations, and discusses suitable scenarios and trade‑offs to help developers choose the appropriate database for their applications.
The article introduces MySQL and PostgreSQL, compares their performance through a benchmark on identical hardware, discusses each system’s strengths, weaknesses, and suitable application scenarios, and provides guidance on choosing the appropriate database for different workloads.
This guide explains why a remote PostgreSQL connection may fail with a password authentication error, analyzes common causes such as wrong credentials or misconfigured files, and provides step‑by‑step solutions including password reset, configuration checks, and trust authentication setup.
This article demonstrates how to boost the insertion speed of over two million records by configuring a Spring Boot ThreadPoolTaskExecutor, integrating it with MyBatis‑Plus and PostgreSQL, and measuring multi‑threaded versus single‑threaded performance to determine the optimal thread count.
An in‑depth comparison of MySQL and PostgreSQL covers their histories, architectural differences, benchmark results showing PostgreSQL’s superior SELECT, INSERT, and UPDATE throughput, and guidance on selecting the appropriate database based on application complexity, scale, and performance requirements.
This article compares MySQL and PostgreSQL, covering their histories, architecture differences, benchmark results, suitable application scenarios, and a concise summary of PostgreSQL's advantages and disadvantages relative to MySQL.
Linear, the SaaS project‑management tool, suffered a catastrophic data loss when a TRUNCATE CASCADE command unintentionally wiped production tables, prompting a detailed post‑mortem that outlines the timeline, root cause, recovery steps, impact, and a set of concrete preventive measures.
This guide explains how to implement a searchable user‑story interface using PostgreSQL tables with btree and gin indexes, Java record models, Spring Boot data access, and REST controllers to support range and full‑text queries efficiently.
This guide provides complete shell scripts and step‑by‑step instructions for performing remote backups and restores of MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL databases on Linux, including directory creation, compression, secure copy, cron scheduling, and cleanup of old backup files.
The article chronicles Michael Stonebraker’s pioneering journey from early relational databases like Ingres to PostgreSQL’s open‑source success, his critique of NoSQL, the rise of cloud‑compatible PostgreSQL services, and his latest DBOS concept that reimagines operating systems as database‑driven platforms.
The article explains how PostgreSQL was crowned DB‑Engines 2023 Database Management System of the Year, outlines the ranking methodology, highlights PostgreSQL’s long‑term success, and introduces the runner‑up Databricks and third‑place Google BigQuery along with a history of past winners.
Celebrating Michael Stonebraker’s 80th birthday, this article chronicles his pioneering work from Ingres to PostgreSQL, his influence on open‑source databases, the rise of cloud‑compatible DBMS, and his bold vision of a database‑centric operating system reshaping the future of data management.
This guide walks through provisioning two Alibaba Cloud ECS instances, installing Docker, launching Citus 12.1 coordinator and worker containers, configuring the cluster, and verifying data distribution using a sample microservice backend.
This tutorial walks through setting up a PostgreSQL 16.1 + Citus 12.1 cluster with Docker, creating separate schemas and roles for user, time, and ping microservices, distributing them via schema‑based sharding, and demonstrating CRUD operations and verification of data placement across three worker nodes.
The article critically examines the suitability of placing production databases in Docker containers, highlighting reliability, maintainability, performance, and operational complexities, and concludes that while containers offer some benefits for stateless services, they often compromise the essential stability required for stateful database workloads.
The article critically examines the drawbacks of running production databases inside Docker containers or Kubernetes, arguing that while containers excel for stateless services, they introduce reliability, performance, maintenance, and complexity challenges that make them unsuitable for critical stateful database workloads.
An in‑depth analysis shows that MySQL’s early Windows support, lower entry barrier, strong LAMP ecosystem, backing from major Chinese tech firms, and a mature tooling landscape together explain why it remains far more popular than PostgreSQL across China despite global growth trends.
GPTuner, an LLM‑driven system for PostgreSQL knob tuning developed by researchers at Sichuan University, demonstrates that knowledge processing, parameter selection, search‑range optimization, and a two‑stage Bayesian framework each significantly improve performance, while costing roughly 880 000 GPT‑4 tokens (≈ $30) with reusable knowledge.
This guide explains what a sharded PostgreSQL cluster is, how StackGres implements it with Citus and Patroni, and provides step‑by‑step YAML manifests and scripts to create both a basic and a custom production‑grade high‑availability sharded cluster on Kubernetes.
This guide walks through identifying master and replica pods, performing graceful switchover, triggering automated failover, and reinitializing replicas in a StackGres 1.6 cluster using kubectl and patronictl commands, with practical notes and safety warnings.
This guide explains how StackGres 1.6 uses custom Kubernetes CRDs—SGPostgresConfig, SGInstanceProfile, and SGPoolingConfig—to define PostgreSQL parameters, instance sizing, and PgBouncer connection‑pool settings, and shows how to apply, reload, disable, and inspect these configurations with kubectl.
StackGres 1.6 is a full‑stack, production‑grade PostgreSQL distribution for Kubernetes that bundles a curated set of components—including Patroni, WAL‑G, PgBouncer, Envoy, and monitoring tools—into a single declarative deployment unit with multiple access methods, sidecar architecture, and built‑in high‑availability, backup, and observability features.
This article traces PostgreSQL's origins from the 1980s INGRES project, compares navigation and relational databases, outlines its evolution through Postgres95 to PostgreSQL, and highlights ten modern features that make it a powerful, scalable, and secure choice for developers today.
This article analyzes the popularity, success metrics, distributed versus centralized architectures, TPC‑C benchmark relevance, and a detailed feature comparison between MySQL and PostgreSQL, concluding which system currently leads in real‑world OLTP deployments.
Despite PostgreSQL’s rapid global growth, MySQL remains the leading database in China, a gap explained by early Windows support, the entrenched LAMP stack, lower entry barriers, extensive tooling, and strong backing from major tech firms, as illustrated by trend data and ecosystem analysis.
This guide explains why case‑sensitivity issues arise in databases, how naming conventions can prevent them, and compares the behavior of Snowflake, Databend, MySQL, and PostgreSQL for database, table, column names and string literals, complete with practical examples and a concise checklist.
This article breaks down Instagram’s rapid growth from zero to 14 million users by examining its three guiding principles, AWS‑based infrastructure, Django‑Python backend, PostgreSQL sharding, Redis caching, load balancing, push notification pipeline, and monitoring tools.
This article walks through a puzzling PostgreSQL self‑join query, shows how different alias placements change the execution plan, explains the meaning of InitPlan and One‑Time Filter nodes, and demonstrates their impact with concrete examples and EXPLAIN output.
This article examines why PostgreSQL appears to outrank MySQL in recent popularity surveys, explains the DB‑Engines ranking methodology, compares architectural choices such as MVCC, multi‑process vs multi‑thread models, transaction rollback behavior, licensing, and real‑world performance benchmarks like TPC‑C, ultimately revealing that MySQL still dominates many high‑throughput OLTP scenarios.
The article evaluates database success by comparing PostgreSQL and MySQL across popularity, features, licensing, transaction behavior, MVCC, concurrency models, and use cases, showing PostgreSQL leads in complex queries and feature richness while MySQL remains the most widely used OLTP system, especially in China.
PostgreSQL 16, released in September 2023, brings major enhancements in permission management, logical replication, performance, and monitoring, offering finer‑grained security, faster data handling, and comprehensive observability for modern database workloads.
With MySQL 5.7 reaching end‑of‑life in October 2023 and over half of installations still on that version, this guide explains the new features of MySQL 8.0, how to assess upgrade readiness, and the three main migration paths—including staying put, moving to a DBaaS, or switching to PostgreSQL.
With MySQL 5.7 reaching end‑of‑life, this guide explains why you should upgrade to MySQL 8.0, outlines the new SQL capabilities and tools, and compares migration options including DBaaS and switching to PostgreSQL, helping you choose the best path for your workloads.
PostgreSQL 11+ lets you define custom statistics with CREATE STATISTICS, dramatically improving query plans for large tables and complex predicates, as shown by step‑by‑step examples that cut execution time by up to 300× and illustrate different statistic kinds such as ndistinct and dependencies.
This article provides a comprehensive comparison between PostgreSQL and MongoDB across dimensions such as license, data model, JSON support, performance, reliability, scalability, usability, operability, and ecosystem, helping readers decide which database better fits their application requirements in 2023.
The article examines recent data showing PostgreSQL’s rapid rise over the past decade, its strong performance in the 2023 StackOverflow survey, growing adoption by cloud providers like Google and AWS, and the reasons developers favor its open‑source reliability and extensibility.
The article examines a puzzling PostgreSQL self‑join query that yields surprising true/false results, walks through step‑by‑step rewrites, analyzes the resulting execution plans—including the appearance of InitPlan and One‑Time Filter nodes—and explains how correlated versus uncorrelated subqueries affect query evaluation.
The article examines why PostgreSQL still falls short of being a core enterprise database by analyzing eight technical gaps—such as XID64 support, LWLOCK efficiency, shared buffer performance, recovery, high availability, zero data loss, resource management, and CBO optimizer maturity—while reflecting on industry trends and Oracle's dominance.
