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Kuaishou Tech
Kuaishou Tech
Nov 12, 2025 · Artificial Intelligence

How KaiFG Lets Python Feature Engineering Run at C++ Speed

KaiFG, Kuaishou's self‑built AI Feature Generator, unifies fragmented feature extraction frameworks, replaces slow C++ compilation cycles with Python‑level development, and achieves near‑C++ performance through Codon‑based compilation, reference‑counted memory management, and aggressive LLVM optimizations, dramatically shortening iteration time.

AI InfrastructureHigh‑performance computingfeature engineering
0 likes · 14 min read
How KaiFG Lets Python Feature Engineering Run at C++ Speed
Bin's Tech Cabin
Bin's Tech Cabin
Nov 7, 2024 · Backend Development

How Netty Detects Memory Leaks: Deep Dive into LeakAwareBuffer and ResourceLeakDetector

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of Netty's memory‑leak detection mechanism, covering the design principles, leak‑aware buffers, reference handling, sampling strategies, detection levels, and the internal models that enable accurate identification of unreleased native memory in both pooled and unpooled ByteBuf allocations.

JavaNettyResourceLeakDetector
0 likes · 44 min read
How Netty Detects Memory Leaks: Deep Dive into LeakAwareBuffer and ResourceLeakDetector
DaTaobao Tech
DaTaobao Tech
Oct 28, 2024 · Fundamentals

Garbage Collection Algorithms and Reference Counting in QuickJS

QuickJS manages memory using reference counting for each object combined with a cycle‑collector that periodically scans roots, decrements child references, and frees objects whose counts drop to zero, while also supporting traditional reachability‑based garbage‑collection techniques such as mark‑sweep, copying, and generational collection.

CGarbage CollectionJavaScript
0 likes · 9 min read
Garbage Collection Algorithms and Reference Counting in QuickJS
Bin's Tech Cabin
Bin's Tech Cabin
Aug 20, 2024 · Backend Development

How Netty’s ByteBuf Reference Counting Evolved: From Simple Counters to Parity‑Based Concurrency Safety

This article examines Netty 4.1.x’s ByteBuf reference‑counting mechanism, explains why reference counting was introduced, traces its original design, shows instruction‑level optimizations, reveals concurrency bugs in version 4.1.17, and details the clever even‑odd redesign that guarantees thread‑safe memory release while preserving high performance.

ByteBufJavaNetty
0 likes · 34 min read
How Netty’s ByteBuf Reference Counting Evolved: From Simple Counters to Parity‑Based Concurrency Safety
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Apr 3, 2024 · Fundamentals

Seven Common GC Algorithms: Principles, Comparisons, and Optimizations

The article surveys seven common garbage‑collection algorithms—Mark‑Sweep, Reference Counting, Copying, Mark‑Compact, Conservative, Generational, and Incremental/Tri‑color—explaining their principles, strengths, weaknesses, evaluation criteria such as throughput and pause time, and practical optimizations, emphasizing that the best choice depends on specific application needs.

GC AlgorithmsGarbage CollectionGenerational GC
0 likes · 42 min read
Seven Common GC Algorithms: Principles, Comparisons, and Optimizations
JD Tech
JD Tech
Jun 26, 2023 · Backend Development

Debugging and Resolving Netty Long‑Connection Memory Leak Issues

This article details a real‑world Netty long‑connection memory‑leak case, explains how to reproduce the problem, uses Netty's advanced leak detection to pinpoint the faulty ByteBuf usage, and presents three practical remediation strategies to permanently fix the leak.

Backend DevelopmentDebuggingNetty
0 likes · 14 min read
Debugging and Resolving Netty Long‑Connection Memory Leak Issues
21CTO
21CTO
Feb 1, 2023 · Fundamentals

Inside CPython’s Garbage Collector: Ref Counting, Cycle Detection & Generational Tricks

CPython’s garbage collector combines reference counting with a cyclic collector that uses generational strategies, fat pointers, and optimized object structures to efficiently identify and reclaim unreachable objects, handling cycles, weak references, and memory layout details while minimizing overhead.

Garbage CollectionGenerational GCPython
0 likes · 21 min read
Inside CPython’s Garbage Collector: Ref Counting, Cycle Detection & Generational Tricks
Architect's Guide
Architect's Guide
Dec 29, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding Java Garbage Collection Algorithms and JVM GC Strategies

This article explains what constitutes garbage in the Java heap, compares reference‑counting and root‑reachability approaches, demonstrates a reference‑counting example, and reviews the main garbage‑collection algorithms and collectors (Serial, ParNew, Parallel Scavenge, Serial Old, Parallel Old, CMS, G1) used by modern JVMs.

G1GC AlgorithmsGarbage Collection
0 likes · 19 min read
Understanding Java Garbage Collection Algorithms and JVM GC Strategies
Python Programming Learning Circle
Python Programming Learning Circle
Dec 2, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding Python Garbage Collection: Reference Counting, Mark‑Sweep, and Generational GC

This article explains how Python’s automatic garbage collection works, covering reference counting, the problems of cyclic references, the mark‑and‑sweep algorithm, generational collection, default thresholds, and when and how to manually control the collector with code examples.

Garbage CollectionGenerational GCMark‑Sweep
0 likes · 7 min read
Understanding Python Garbage Collection: Reference Counting, Mark‑Sweep, and Generational GC
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Jun 7, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding Java Garbage Collection: Reference Counting, Reachability Analysis, and Major GC Algorithms

This article explains how Java determines which objects are eligible for garbage collection using reference counting and reachability analysis, describes the main garbage‑collection algorithms such as mark‑sweep, mark‑compact, and mark‑copy, and outlines the generational GC process including MinorGC and survivor spaces.

Garbage CollectionGenerational GCJava
0 likes · 7 min read
Understanding Java Garbage Collection: Reference Counting, Reachability Analysis, and Major GC Algorithms
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
May 15, 2021 · Fundamentals

How Python’s Garbage Collector Works: Reference Counting, Mark‑Sweep, and Generational GC Explained

This article explains Python's memory management, covering reference counting, its limitations with cyclic references, and how the interpreter supplements it with mark‑sweep and generational garbage‑collection algorithms, complete with code examples and detailed diagrams of the underlying mechanisms.

Garbage CollectionGenerational GCMark‑Sweep
0 likes · 47 min read
How Python’s Garbage Collector Works: Reference Counting, Mark‑Sweep, and Generational GC Explained
Python Programming Learning Circle
Python Programming Learning Circle
Mar 20, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding Python Object Memory Management and Garbage Collection

This article explains Python's memory management, covering object references, identity via id(), reference counting, caching of small objects, the use of the is operator, handling of reference cycles with objgraph, manual reference deletion, and the generational garbage collection mechanism including thresholds and cycle detection.

Garbage CollectionGenerational GCMemory Management
0 likes · 12 min read
Understanding Python Object Memory Management and Garbage Collection
Byte Quality Assurance Team
Byte Quality Assurance Team
Mar 10, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding Python Garbage Collection and Reference Counting

This article explains Python's garbage collection mechanism, covering object management, reference counting, cyclic reference handling, the mark‑and‑sweep algorithm, and generational collection thresholds, with illustrative code examples and detailed explanations of each step.

Garbage CollectionGenerational GCreference counting
0 likes · 9 min read
Understanding Python Garbage Collection and Reference Counting
Wukong Talks Architecture
Wukong Talks Architecture
Nov 20, 2020 · Backend Development

Understanding PHP Garbage Collection and Reference Counting

This article explains PHP's garbage collection mechanism, detailing how reference counting works, the role of zval structures, the identification and reclamation process, and provides source code insights to compare PHP's approach with Java's garbage collection.

PHPbackend-developmentgarbage-collection
0 likes · 9 min read
Understanding PHP Garbage Collection and Reference Counting
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Jun 30, 2020 · Fundamentals

Understanding Java Garbage Collection: Goals, Algorithms, and Timing

This article explains Java garbage collection by outlining its purpose, the criteria for reclaimable objects through reference counting and reachability analysis, when collection occurs, and the main GC algorithms—including mark‑sweep, copying, mark‑compact, and generational collection—along with common JVM collectors.

GC AlgorithmsGarbage CollectionJVM
0 likes · 9 min read
Understanding Java Garbage Collection: Goals, Algorithms, and Timing
Python Programming Learning Circle
Python Programming Learning Circle
Mar 27, 2020 · Fundamentals

Understanding Python Memory Management: Reference Counting, Circular References, and Generational Garbage Collection

Python abstracts memory management through reference counting, handles cyclic references with a generational garbage collector, and employs the weak generational hypothesis to efficiently reclaim objects, as illustrated by code examples demonstrating object creation, deletion, and the behavior of different GC generations.

Garbage CollectionGenerational GCMemory Management
0 likes · 8 min read
Understanding Python Memory Management: Reference Counting, Circular References, and Generational Garbage Collection
Tencent Cloud Middleware
Tencent Cloud Middleware
Jan 3, 2020 · Fundamentals

Why Reference Counting Fails: Understanding GC, Memory Leaks, and Circular References

This article explains the origins of garbage collection, illustrates common memory‑management pitfalls with C‑style malloc/free examples, introduces reference‑counting fundamentals, shows how cyclic references break the algorithm, and compares programmer‑assisted versus runtime solutions while highlighting their trade‑offs.

Automatic Memory ManagementCyclic ReferencesGarbage Collection
0 likes · 16 min read
Why Reference Counting Fails: Understanding GC, Memory Leaks, and Circular References
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Nov 29, 2019 · Fundamentals

Understanding Object Liveness Determination in Java: Reference Counting and Reachability Analysis

The article explains how Java determines whether an object is alive using two main garbage‑collection algorithms—Reference Counting and Reachability Analysis—detailing their mechanisms, limitations such as circular references, the role of GC Roots, finalization, and method‑area reclamation, with illustrative code examples.

Garbage CollectionJVMJava
0 likes · 6 min read
Understanding Object Liveness Determination in Java: Reference Counting and Reachability Analysis
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Nov 7, 2019 · Fundamentals

How the JVM Determines Object Liveness and Its Garbage Collection Algorithms

This article explains the JVM memory model, how the JVM decides whether an object is alive using reference counting and reachability analysis, and describes the main garbage‑collection algorithms—including mark‑sweep, mark‑compact, copying, and generational collection—along with their advantages and drawbacks.

Garbage CollectionGenerational GCJVM
0 likes · 8 min read
How the JVM Determines Object Liveness and Its Garbage Collection Algorithms
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Jul 13, 2019 · Fundamentals

Why Java’s Garbage Collection Matters: From Roots to Generational Algorithms

This article explains Java garbage collection in depth, covering its definition, historical origins, reference‑counting and reachability algorithms, GC roots, memory regions such as Eden, Survivor and Old, and the main collection strategies like Mark‑Sweep, Copying, Mark‑Compact and Generational collection.

Garbage CollectionGenerational GCJVM
0 likes · 15 min read
Why Java’s Garbage Collection Matters: From Roots to Generational Algorithms
Bitu Technology
Bitu Technology
Dec 18, 2018 · Backend Development

Managing Request Context in Node.js with async_hooks without Monkey Patching

This article explains how to propagate request‑level context in a Node.js HTTP service by building a call‑tree with async_hooks, avoiding monkey‑patching, handling lifecycle quirks, preventing memory leaks, and using reference‑counted cleanup to ensure reliable context queries.

BackendContext propagationNode.js
0 likes · 15 min read
Managing Request Context in Node.js with async_hooks without Monkey Patching
Baidu Intelligent Testing
Baidu Intelligent Testing
Sep 1, 2017 · Fundamentals

Understanding Python Garbage Collection and Memory Leaks

This article explains Python's garbage collection mechanisms, demonstrates how reference counting works, shows how to detect and fix memory leaks using the gc module, and illustrates the issue with urllib2 through code examples and visual diagrams.

Garbage CollectionPythongc module
0 likes · 5 min read
Understanding Python Garbage Collection and Memory Leaks
21CTO
21CTO
Feb 23, 2017 · Backend Development

Inside PHP: Understanding the zval Structure and Memory Management

This article explains PHP's core zval structure, how different variable types are stored, and the mechanisms of reference counting, copy‑on‑write, and garbage collection that enable efficient memory management in the Zend engine.

BackendCopy-on-WriteMemory Management
0 likes · 12 min read
Inside PHP: Understanding the zval Structure and Memory Management