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Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Jun 2, 2025 · Backend Development

Implementing Precise Per‑Minute API Call Statistics in Java: Multiple Solutions and Best Practices

This article explains why per‑minute API call counting is essential for performance bottleneck detection, capacity planning, security alerts and billing, and presents five concrete Java‑based implementations—including a fixed‑window counter, a sliding‑window counter, AOP‑based transparent monitoring, a Redis time‑series solution, and Micrometer‑Prometheus integration—along with a hybrid architecture, performance benchmarks, and practical capacity‑planning advice.

API monitoringJavaPrometheus
0 likes · 25 min read
Implementing Precise Per‑Minute API Call Statistics in Java: Multiple Solutions and Best Practices
php中文网 Courses
php中文网 Courses
Apr 7, 2025 · Backend Development

Implementing Sliding Window Algorithms in PHP for Real-Time Data Processing

This article introduces the sliding window technique, demonstrates efficient PHP implementations for computing averages and handling real-time streams, provides optimization strategies, and outlines practical applications such as financial analysis, network monitoring, and recommendation systems, highlighting performance considerations for backend development.

PHPReal-time ProcessingSliding Window
0 likes · 6 min read
Implementing Sliding Window Algorithms in PHP for Real-Time Data Processing
Sohu Tech Products
Sohu Tech Products
Sep 11, 2024 · Backend Development

Optimizing an Audit System Processing Chain for Traffic Spikes Using Chain of Responsibility and Sliding‑Window Detection

To prevent audit pipelines from choking during traffic surges, the article proposes augmenting the classic Chain of Responsibility with a sliding‑window anomaly detector, a statistically‑driven dynamic detector, a rule‑based backflow mechanism, and AI‑powered traffic forecasting, enabling adaptive routing and proactive scaling.

JavaSliding Windowbackend
0 likes · 16 min read
Optimizing an Audit System Processing Chain for Traffic Spikes Using Chain of Responsibility and Sliding‑Window Detection
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Mar 27, 2023 · Backend Development

Rate Limiting: Concepts, Algorithms, and Implementation Strategies

This article explains the fundamental concepts of rate limiting, compares popular algorithms such as token bucket, leaky bucket, and sliding window, and reviews practical implementation methods including Nginx, middleware, Redis, Guava, and Tomcat configurations for both single‑machine and distributed environments.

RedisSliding Windowbackend
0 likes · 17 min read
Rate Limiting: Concepts, Algorithms, and Implementation Strategies
Architect's Guide
Architect's Guide
Mar 21, 2023 · Backend Development

Fundamentals and Common Practices of Rate Limiting in Distributed Systems

This article explains the basic concepts, dimensions, and typical algorithms of rate limiting, discusses various implementation strategies such as token bucket, leaky bucket, and sliding window, and reviews practical solutions using Nginx, Guava, Redis, Sentinel, and Tomcat for both single‑node and distributed environments.

RedisSliding Windowbackend
0 likes · 16 min read
Fundamentals and Common Practices of Rate Limiting in Distributed Systems
Laravel Tech Community
Laravel Tech Community
Jan 30, 2023 · Backend Development

Sliding Window SMS Sending Rate Limiting Algorithm in PHP with Redis

This article explains two sliding‑window rate‑limiting methods for SMS sending—one based on IP address and another on phone number—and provides a complete PHP implementation using Redis sorted sets to enforce per‑minute, per‑10‑minute, and per‑hour limits.

PHPRedisSMS
0 likes · 3 min read
Sliding Window SMS Sending Rate Limiting Algorithm in PHP with Redis
Architect
Architect
Dec 10, 2022 · Backend Development

Rate Limiting: Concepts, Common Algorithms, and Practical Implementation Strategies

This article explains the fundamentals of rate limiting, describes widely used algorithms such as token bucket, leaky bucket, and sliding window, and details practical implementation methods ranging from single‑machine tools like Guava and Tomcat to distributed solutions using Nginx, Redis, and Sentinel.

Distributed SystemsSliding Windowbackend
0 likes · 17 min read
Rate Limiting: Concepts, Common Algorithms, and Practical Implementation Strategies
Xingsheng Youxuan Technology Community
Xingsheng Youxuan Technology Community
Aug 24, 2022 · Backend Development

Mastering Sliding Window Rate Limiting: Sentinel Implementation Explained

This article explains the sliding window rate‑limiting algorithm, its advantages over fixed windows, and provides a detailed step‑by‑step implementation using Sentinel’s data structures, including window partitioning, bucket management, concurrency handling, and calculation of request counts within a moving time interval.

ConcurrencySentinelSliding Window
0 likes · 8 min read
Mastering Sliding Window Rate Limiting: Sentinel Implementation Explained
Sanyou's Java Diary
Sanyou's Java Diary
Feb 11, 2022 · Fundamentals

Mastering TCP: Sliding Window, Flow & Congestion Control Explained

This article continues the previous discussion on TCP handshakes and termination, then thoroughly explains nine essential TCP mechanisms—including sliding window, flow control, congestion control, delayed and piggyback ACKs, sticky packet handling, and keep‑alive—illustrated with diagrams and practical examples.

Sliding Windowcongestion controlflow control
0 likes · 15 min read
Mastering TCP: Sliding Window, Flow & Congestion Control Explained
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jan 9, 2022 · Backend Development

Designing Rate Limiting and Circuit Breaking for Microservices and API Gateways

The article explains the concepts, problem scenarios, resource granularity, rule definition, sliding‑window calculation, and implementation flow of rate limiting and circuit breaking in microservice architectures and API gateways, providing practical guidance for building robust backend services.

API GatewayMicroservicesSliding Window
0 likes · 13 min read
Designing Rate Limiting and Circuit Breaking for Microservices and API Gateways
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Dec 25, 2021 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of Rate Limiting and Circuit Breaking in Microservice Architecture

This article explains the motivations, concepts, resource granularity, rule definitions, and two‑stage sliding‑window computation needed to design and implement effective rate limiting and circuit breaking mechanisms for microservice APIs and API gateways, ensuring isolated failures do not cascade across services.

API GatewayMicroservicesSliding Window
0 likes · 13 min read
Design and Implementation of Rate Limiting and Circuit Breaking in Microservice Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Nov 13, 2021 · Fundamentals

Sliding Window Technique: Concepts, Framework, and LeetCode Examples

This article introduces the sliding window algorithmic technique, explains its relation to TCP flow control, demonstrates its implementation with Java code for maximum subarray sum, longest substring without repeats, and minimum window substring problems, and provides a reusable framework for solving similar LeetCode challenges.

LeetCodeSliding WindowTime Complexity
0 likes · 10 min read
Sliding Window Technique: Concepts, Framework, and LeetCode Examples
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Nov 1, 2021 · Backend Development

Rate Limiting Algorithms: Counter, Sliding Window, Leaky Bucket, and Token Bucket

This article explains four common rate‑limiting algorithms—fixed‑window counter, sliding window, leaky bucket, and token bucket—detailing their mechanisms, advantages, drawbacks such as the critical‑window problem, and how they can be implemented simply using Redis in backend systems.

Sliding Windowbackendcounter algorithm
0 likes · 4 min read
Rate Limiting Algorithms: Counter, Sliding Window, Leaky Bucket, and Token Bucket
政采云技术
政采云技术
Oct 14, 2021 · Backend Development

Deep Dive into Sentinel Rate‑Limiting Core Source Code and Sliding‑Window Mechanism

This article analyzes Sentinel's flow‑control implementation by walking through the core Java methods such as entry, checkFlow, canPassCheck, passClusterCheck, and canPass, explaining how sliding‑window metrics and token‑bucket logic determine whether a request is allowed or throttled.

JavaSentinelSliding Window
0 likes · 9 min read
Deep Dive into Sentinel Rate‑Limiting Core Source Code and Sliding‑Window Mechanism
Byte Quality Assurance Team
Byte Quality Assurance Team
Jul 14, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding Rate Limiting Algorithms: Counter, Sliding Window, Token Bucket, and Leaky Bucket

This article explains the purpose, scenarios, and detailed implementations of common rate‑limiting algorithms—including counter (fixed window), sliding window, token bucket, and leaky bucket—highlighting their advantages, drawbacks, and sample Python code for each.

Distributed SystemsSliding Windowbackend
0 likes · 12 min read
Understanding Rate Limiting Algorithms: Counter, Sliding Window, Token Bucket, and Leaky Bucket
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Jun 15, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding Rate Limiting: Counter, Sliding Window, Leaky Bucket, and Token Bucket Algorithms

The article introduces the concept of rate limiting, explains why it is needed both offline (e.g., crowded theme parks) and online (e.g., flash sales), and details four common algorithms—counter, sliding window, leaky bucket, and token bucket—along with their implementation considerations and trade‑offs.

Sliding Windowbackendcounter algorithm
0 likes · 9 min read
Understanding Rate Limiting: Counter, Sliding Window, Leaky Bucket, and Token Bucket Algorithms
Manbang Technology Team
Manbang Technology Team
Apr 23, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding Sentinel's Metric Statistics and Sliding Window Implementation

This article explains how Sentinel's metric statistics work, focusing on the sliding window algorithm used for rate limiting and the underlying architecture involving classes like StatisticNode and ArrayMetric.

Java FrameworkMetric StatisticsSentinel
0 likes · 10 min read
Understanding Sentinel's Metric Statistics and Sliding Window Implementation
vivo Internet Technology
vivo Internet Technology
Dec 2, 2020 · Cloud Native

In‑Depth Analysis of Sentinel's Rate‑Limiting Mechanism

Sentinel implements rate‑limiting through a chain‑of‑responsibility where annotated methods trigger SphU.entry, creating a Context, Node, and Entry; slots such as NodeSelectorSlot, ClusterBuilderSlot, StatisticSlot, and FlowSlot update sliding‑window metrics via LeapArray and enforce QPS thresholds, throwing BlockException on violations.

JavaMicroservicesSentinel
0 likes · 18 min read
In‑Depth Analysis of Sentinel's Rate‑Limiting Mechanism
Xianyu Technology
Xianyu Technology
Aug 20, 2020 · Artificial Intelligence

Scatter Algorithm for Recommendation Systems: Methods and Evaluation

The article presents three scatter algorithms—column scatter, weight distribution, and sliding‑window—that reorder recommendation lists to disperse similar items, describing their mechanics, computational complexities, experimental trade‑offs, and a hybrid case study for efficient, multi‑dimensional list diversification.

RankingSliding Windowperformance
0 likes · 10 min read
Scatter Algorithm for Recommendation Systems: Methods and Evaluation