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System Design

799 articles · Page 4 of 8
JD Cloud Developers
JD Cloud Developers
Jul 20, 2023 · Backend Development

Taming 20M Daily Calls: Bloom Filters & Redis Power JD Logistics’ Contract Center

This article examines how JD Logistics’ Contract Center manages millions of daily contract queries by analyzing call patterns, identifying high rates of empty results, and implementing a three‑layer protection strategy using Bloom filters, Redis caching, and database safeguards to ensure high‑availability and data consistency.

BackendBloom FilterSystem Design
0 likes · 12 min read
Taming 20M Daily Calls: Bloom Filters & Redis Power JD Logistics’ Contract Center
ITPUB
ITPUB
Jul 14, 2023 · R&D Management

Why Becoming an Architect Is Really About Upgrading Your Cognition

The article shares the author’s years of architecture experience at Alipay, arguing that growth into a true architect is a cognitive upgrade, explains what architectural ability really means, illustrates it with a multithreading interview example, and presents systematic thinking methods and practical steps for building architectural competence.

R&D managementSystem Designcognitive growth
0 likes · 26 min read
Why Becoming an Architect Is Really About Upgrading Your Cognition
Architects Research Society
Architects Research Society
Jul 8, 2023 · Backend Development

System Design of Hotel Booking Applications (Airbnb, Booking.com, OYO)

This article explains how large hotel‑booking platforms such as Airbnb, Booking.com and OYO use a micro‑service architecture—including hotel management, customer search/booking, and view‑booking services—combined with load balancers, Kafka, Elasticsearch, Redis, Cassandra and Hadoop to achieve a seamless, high‑throughput booking flow.

ElasticsearchKafkaMicroservices
0 likes · 7 min read
System Design of Hotel Booking Applications (Airbnb, Booking.com, OYO)
21CTO
21CTO
Jun 28, 2023 · Fundamentals

What Is Software Architecture? Definitions, Types, and Design Principles Explained

This comprehensive guide clarifies the concept of software architecture, explores related notions such as systems, subsystems, modules, components, frameworks, and various architectural classifications, and outlines design goals, evolution paths, common pitfalls, and recommended reading for building effective, scalable, and maintainable systems.

MicroservicesSystem Designarchitecture patterns
0 likes · 35 min read
What Is Software Architecture? Definitions, Types, and Design Principles Explained
Architect
Architect
Jun 25, 2023 · Backend Development

Designing High‑Traffic, High‑Concurrency Systems: Principles and Practices

This article outlines the essential principles, architectural patterns, client optimizations, CDN usage, clustering, caching strategies, database tuning, and service governance techniques required to design, build, and maintain high‑traffic, high‑concurrency backend systems effectively.

CDNService GovernanceSystem Design
0 likes · 11 min read
Designing High‑Traffic, High‑Concurrency Systems: Principles and Practices
Big Data Technology & Architecture
Big Data Technology & Architecture
Jun 19, 2023 · Fundamentals

Architectural Growth: How Cognition Upgrade Shapes System Design

The article explores how an architect’s cognitive upgrade—through systematic thinking, model-driven analysis, and practical design methods—drives effective system architecture, business modeling, and trade‑off decisions, illustrated by a multithreading interview example and a suite of methodological tools.

BackendSystem Designcognitive growth
0 likes · 26 min read
Architectural Growth: How Cognition Upgrade Shapes System Design
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Jun 15, 2023 · Backend Development

Design and Evolution of a Distributed Configuration System

The article examines why a distributed configuration system is needed, outlines its constraints, traces its evolution from single‑machine files to centralized and database‑backed stores, and presents WeChat’s design—key‑object protobuf model, secure SDK, asynchronous pull loading, versioned consistency, and gray‑release support—demonstrating a two‑year case study that cut configuration rollout time from days to minutes.

Distributed ConfigurationGray ReleaseSDK
0 likes · 18 min read
Design and Evolution of a Distributed Configuration System
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jun 6, 2023 · Backend Development

Design Principles and Optimizations for High‑Traffic High‑Concurrency Systems

This article outlines the essential design principles, client‑side optimizations, CDN usage, clustering, caching, database tuning, and service governance techniques required to build and maintain high‑traffic, high‑concurrency backend systems that are reliable, scalable, and performant.

CachingService GovernanceSystem Design
0 likes · 12 min read
Design Principles and Optimizations for High‑Traffic High‑Concurrency Systems
Java High-Performance Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
May 26, 2023 · Operations

Inside the Core of Payment Systems: Architecture, Governance, and Performance

This article explores the comprehensive architecture of modern payment systems, detailing the interaction between transaction and payment cores, system components such as gateways, accounting, service governance, data consistency, async processing, and practical performance and stability practices used in large‑scale financial platforms.

Service GovernanceSystem Designasynchrony
0 likes · 7 min read
Inside the Core of Payment Systems: Architecture, Governance, and Performance
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
May 19, 2023 · Backend Development

How Vivo Scaled Its E‑Commerce Inventory: Architecture & High‑Concurrency Solutions

Vivo’s e‑commerce inventory system evolved from a monolithic design into a multi‑layered service architecture that separates warehouse, scheduling, and sales layers, introduces distinct stock types, implements deduplication, anti‑oversell, high‑concurrency and hotspot mitigation strategies, and integrates sync mechanisms with warehouses and product systems.

InventorySystem Designdeduplication
0 likes · 16 min read
How Vivo Scaled Its E‑Commerce Inventory: Architecture & High‑Concurrency Solutions
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
May 16, 2023 · Fundamentals

Understanding Software Architecture: Definitions, Design Goals, Classifications, and Common Pitfalls

This article explains the concept of software architecture, distinguishes it from frameworks, outlines its components, design objectives, classification methods such as RUP 4+1 and TOGAF, evolution from monoliths to micro‑services, evaluation criteria, typical misconceptions, and recommends essential reading for architects.

MicroservicesSystem Designarchitecture patterns
0 likes · 29 min read
Understanding Software Architecture: Definitions, Design Goals, Classifications, and Common Pitfalls
21CTO
21CTO
Mar 28, 2023 · R&D Management

What Makes a Great Architect? Lessons from Alibaba’s Platform Engineering

The article shares a senior engineer’s reflections on technical architecture at Alibaba, covering top‑level design, physical and application architecture, the evolving role of architects, essential problem‑solving skills, the need for a global perspective, broad technical breadth, continuous learning, and how these insights shape effective R&D management.

Continuous LearningR&D managementSystem Design
0 likes · 14 min read
What Makes a Great Architect? Lessons from Alibaba’s Platform Engineering
Top Architect
Top Architect
Mar 23, 2023 · Fundamentals

How to Create Effective Software Architecture Diagrams: Methods, Views, and Best Practices

This article explains the purpose and classification of software architecture diagrams, introduces the 4+1 and C4 view models, describes business, application, technical, and data architectures, and provides practical guidance on drawing clear, audience‑focused diagrams that accurately reflect system design.

Architecture DiagramsC4 modelSystem Design
0 likes · 9 min read
How to Create Effective Software Architecture Diagrams: Methods, Views, and Best Practices
Top Architect
Top Architect
Mar 15, 2023 · Fundamentals

Understanding Software Architecture: Concepts, Layers, Levels, Evolution, and Common Pitfalls

This article explains the definition and essence of software architecture, outlines its layers and classifications, describes architectural levels and the evolution from monolithic to micro‑service designs, and discusses how to evaluate architectural rationality while highlighting typical misconceptions and best‑practice guidelines.

System Designarchitecture patternsscalability
0 likes · 23 min read
Understanding Software Architecture: Concepts, Layers, Levels, Evolution, and Common Pitfalls
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Mar 14, 2023 · Operations

Key Practices for Achieving High Availability in Internet Services

The article outlines essential high‑availability techniques for internet‑scale systems, covering availability metrics, microservice modularization, database redundancy, load balancing, rate limiting, circuit breaking, isolation, retry strategies, rollback plans, stress testing, monitoring, and on‑call procedures.

OperationsSystem Designhigh availability
0 likes · 10 min read
Key Practices for Achieving High Availability in Internet Services
Architecture Breakthrough
Architecture Breakthrough
Mar 6, 2023 · Backend Development

Boost System Performance with a Practical Asynchronous Processing Pattern

This article outlines a step‑by‑step asynchronous processing pattern—including request reception, backend handling, exception retry, failure compensation, and alerting—to prioritize functional improvements and quickly enhance system performance while aligning technical actions with business goals.

BackendPerformanceSystem Design
0 likes · 6 min read
Boost System Performance with a Practical Asynchronous Processing Pattern
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Feb 25, 2023 · Backend Development

15 Proven Strategies to Design High‑Concurrency Systems

This article outlines fifteen practical techniques—including horizontal scaling, microservice decomposition, database sharding, connection pooling, caching, CDN, message queues, Elasticsearch, circuit breaking, rate limiting, and load testing—to help engineers build robust, high‑concurrency systems that can handle massive traffic spikes.

MicroservicesSystem Designhigh concurrency
0 likes · 13 min read
15 Proven Strategies to Design High‑Concurrency Systems
Xianyu Technology
Xianyu Technology
Feb 8, 2023 · Backend Development

Task Distribution Challenges and Solutions in a Small Court System

The article examines backlog, abnormal and over‑consumption problems in a small court’s task distribution, proposes an active‑claim model with user‑task lock queues to decouple qualification checks, and shows that these changes raise completion to 100%, cut processing time from 20 hours to under 2 hours while recommending a factory‑plus‑strategy architecture for future extensibility.

Backend DevelopmentSystem Designqueue management
0 likes · 9 min read
Task Distribution Challenges and Solutions in a Small Court System
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
Feb 1, 2023 · Fundamentals

What Is a Software Architect? Roles, Levels, Daily Activities, and Essential Skills

This article explains what a software architect does, outlines the three architectural levels (application, solution, enterprise), describes the architect’s daily responsibilities, and details ten essential skills—including design, decision‑making, simplification, programming, documentation, communication, estimation, balancing, consulting, and market awareness—required for a successful career in software architecture.

Design PatternsSystem Designcareer development
0 likes · 16 min read
What Is a Software Architect? Roles, Levels, Daily Activities, and Essential Skills
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Jan 28, 2023 · Backend Development

Designing a Scalable User Authentication Model: From Simple Login to Real‑Person Verification

This article walks through the evolution of a user system—from a basic email/phone login to third‑party OAuth, multi‑type user accounts, diversified password schemes, and real‑person (entity) verification—showcasing a flexible, extensible backend design that can handle rapid business growth.

AuthenticationSystem Designlogin
0 likes · 13 min read
Designing a Scalable User Authentication Model: From Simple Login to Real‑Person Verification
ITPUB
ITPUB
Jan 23, 2023 · Backend Development

15 Essential Strategies for Designing High‑Concurrency Systems

This article outlines fifteen practical techniques—including horizontal scaling, microservice decomposition, database sharding, connection pooling, caching, CDN, message queues, circuit breaking, rate limiting, and load testing—to help engineers design backend systems that remain reliable and performant under extreme traffic spikes.

BackendSystem Designscalability
0 likes · 13 min read
15 Essential Strategies for Designing High‑Concurrency Systems
JavaEdge
JavaEdge
Jan 21, 2023 · Fundamentals

Mastering Software Design: Why Model, Interface, and Implementation Matter

When joining a new project, understanding its software design by first examining the model, then the interface, and finally the implementation helps avoid getting lost in code, clarifies design decisions, and builds a clear mental map of the system.

ImplementationModelSystem Design
0 likes · 10 min read
Mastering Software Design: Why Model, Interface, and Implementation Matter
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jan 15, 2023 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a Payment Reconciliation System

This article explains the purpose, architecture, modules, and detailed design steps of a payment reconciliation system, covering internal and channel reconciliation, data acquisition, file parsing, storage, transaction matching, error handling, and settlement processes for robust backend payment operations.

BackendSystem Designpayment
0 likes · 11 min read
Design and Implementation of a Payment Reconciliation System
ITPUB
ITPUB
Jan 12, 2023 · Operations

How to Build a Truly High‑Availability System: 6 Essential Design Layers

This article breaks down the essential design and operational considerations for achieving high availability across six layers—development standards, application services, storage, product strategy, operations deployment, and incident response—providing concrete practices, metrics, and safeguards to reach four‑nine (99.99%) uptime.

OperationsSystem Designcapacity-planning
0 likes · 25 min read
How to Build a Truly High‑Availability System: 6 Essential Design Layers
DevOps
DevOps
Jan 10, 2023 · Product Management

How to Design Product Architecture: Concepts, Process, and Deliverables

This article explains product architecture as the skeleton of a product, outlines a step‑by‑step design process from business overview to detailed UI considerations, and lists the typical deliverables such as business flow diagrams, product maps, functional charts, and prototype or PRD documents.

PRDProduct ArchitectureProduct Design
0 likes · 5 min read
How to Design Product Architecture: Concepts, Process, and Deliverables
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jan 4, 2023 · Fundamentals

Understanding Software Architecture: Concepts, Layers, Levels, Evolution, and Common Pitfalls

This article explains the essence of software architecture, its definitions, hierarchical layers, classification, architectural levels, strategic versus tactical design, evolution from monolithic to micro‑service systems, criteria for evaluating architectural soundness, and typical misconceptions that developers should avoid.

System Designarchitecture patterns
0 likes · 21 min read
Understanding Software Architecture: Concepts, Layers, Levels, Evolution, and Common Pitfalls
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jan 3, 2023 · Fundamentals

Comprehensive Overview of Software Architecture: Concepts, Layers, Evolution, and Best Practices

This article provides a detailed introduction to software architecture, covering its definition, essential concepts such as systems, subsystems, modules, components, and frameworks, various architectural layers and classifications, evolution from monolithic to micro‑service designs, common pitfalls, evaluation criteria, and recommended learning resources.

MicroservicesSystem Designarchitecture fundamentals
0 likes · 21 min read
Comprehensive Overview of Software Architecture: Concepts, Layers, Evolution, and Best Practices
Ziru Technology
Ziru Technology
Dec 30, 2022 · Backend Development

Optimizing IM Architecture: Layered Design, Message Flow, and Quality Control

This article outlines a cost‑effective IM architecture optimization, detailing a four‑layer design, separation of third‑party services, message reception strategies for online, offline and historical data, unified distribution management, data‑exception handling, and key performance metrics to guide robust instant‑messaging implementations.

IM architectureSystem Designmessage handling
0 likes · 14 min read
Optimizing IM Architecture: Layered Design, Message Flow, and Quality Control
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Dec 29, 2022 · Backend Development

Design and High‑Availability Strategies of a Scalable Payment System

This article explains how a large‑scale internet‑finance payment system integrates dozens of channels and products, employs decision‑tree routing, sliding‑window feedback, adaptive pressure detection, and Redis fallback for RabbitMQ to achieve high availability, low latency, and robust handling of millions of daily transactions.

Routing AlgorithmSystem Designpayment system
0 likes · 12 min read
Design and High‑Availability Strategies of a Scalable Payment System
Top Architect
Top Architect
Dec 26, 2022 · Backend Development

Comprehensive Guide to Backend Development: System Design, Architecture, Networking, Fault Handling, Monitoring, Governance and Deployment

This article provides a thorough overview of backend development, covering system design principles such as high cohesion and low coupling, architectural patterns for high concurrency and availability, network communication techniques, common fault scenarios, monitoring and alerting strategies, service governance practices, and deployment workflows.

BackendSystem Designdeployment
0 likes · 30 min read
Comprehensive Guide to Backend Development: System Design, Architecture, Networking, Fault Handling, Monitoring, Governance and Deployment
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Dec 21, 2022 · Operations

Designing High‑Availability Systems: Principles and Practices Across Six Layers

This article systematically explores high‑availability system design from development standards, capacity planning, application services, storage, product strategies, operations deployment, to incident response, presenting key concepts, architectural patterns, and practical guidelines for building resilient services.

OperationsSystem Designcapacity-planning
0 likes · 27 min read
Designing High‑Availability Systems: Principles and Practices Across Six Layers
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Dec 6, 2022 · Backend Development

A Comprehensive Guide to Service Splitting in Microservice Architecture

This article systematically explores the challenges of microservice service splitting—from technical choices and architectural reliability to business model validation and team collaboration—offering static and dynamic solutions, design principles, and practical guidelines for effective service decomposition.

System Designbackend designenterprise architecture
0 likes · 7 min read
A Comprehensive Guide to Service Splitting in Microservice Architecture
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Nov 13, 2022 · Backend Development

Evolution of Baidu Contract Advertising Platform: From Monolith to Microservices

This article examines the technical challenges of B‑end contract advertising systems, tracing the evolution of Baidu's ad‑placement platform from a monolithic architecture through multiple business stages to a domain‑driven microservices design, and discusses service governance, observability, anti‑corruption, and iterative development practices.

B2B advertisingDomain-Driven DesignMicroservices
0 likes · 28 min read
Evolution of Baidu Contract Advertising Platform: From Monolith to Microservices
Top Architect
Top Architect
Nov 12, 2022 · Backend Development

Overview and Core Components of a Payment System Architecture

This article provides a comprehensive overview of payment system architecture, describing the transaction and payment cores, their interactions, service governance, asynchronous processing, data consistency, performance testing, and production practices, while illustrating each component with diagrams and practical insights.

BackendSystem Designpayment
0 likes · 8 min read
Overview and Core Components of a Payment System Architecture
21CTO
21CTO
Nov 8, 2022 · Fundamentals

Master Software Architecture Diagrams: Clear, Audience‑Focused Design Guide

This article introduces a practical methodology for creating effective software architecture diagrams, explains the purpose and classification of various diagram types—including context, container, component, and code diagrams—offers guidelines for audience‑centric design, and showcases the C4 model with real‑world examples and tool recommendations.

C4 modelSystem Designdiagramming
0 likes · 11 min read
Master Software Architecture Diagrams: Clear, Audience‑Focused Design Guide
Top Architect
Top Architect
Nov 6, 2022 · Backend Development

Comprehensive Guide to Backend Development: System Design, Architecture, Network Communication, Fault Handling, Monitoring, Service Governance and Deployment

This article provides a thorough overview of backend development, covering system development principles, architectural design patterns, network communication techniques, common faults and exceptions, monitoring and alerting strategies, service governance practices, and deployment workflows, all illustrated with clear explanations and practical examples.

BackendSystem Designdeployment
0 likes · 33 min read
Comprehensive Guide to Backend Development: System Design, Architecture, Network Communication, Fault Handling, Monitoring, Service Governance and Deployment
Top Architect
Top Architect
Nov 5, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding Software Architecture: Concepts, Layers, and Classifications

This article explains the essential concepts of software architecture, distinguishing systems, subsystems, modules, components, frameworks, and architecture itself, and then details the various architectural layers—including business, application, data, code, technical, and deployment—while highlighting their purposes and design considerations.

Business ArchitectureSystem Designapplication architecture
0 likes · 10 min read
Understanding Software Architecture: Concepts, Layers, and Classifications
Architect's Guide
Architect's Guide
Nov 5, 2022 · Backend Development

Comprehensive Guide to Backend Development: System Design, Architecture, Networking, Fault Handling, Monitoring, and Deployment

This article provides a comprehensive overview of backend development, covering system development principles, architecture design patterns, network communication techniques, fault and exception handling, monitoring and alerting strategies, service governance, testing methodologies, and deployment practices to help developers build robust, scalable, and maintainable services.

System Designarchitecturedeployment
0 likes · 33 min read
Comprehensive Guide to Backend Development: System Design, Architecture, Networking, Fault Handling, Monitoring, and Deployment
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Nov 1, 2022 · Backend Development

Why Chengdu’s COVID Testing System Crashed and How to Build Resilient Backend Services

The article analyzes the Chengdu COVID‑19 testing system failure, outlining its architecture, estimating traffic, identifying infrastructure and software bottlenecks, and recommending sharding, message‑queue decoupling, comprehensive monitoring, and multi‑vendor coordination to build a more reliable backend platform.

System Designcloudmonitoring
0 likes · 13 min read
Why Chengdu’s COVID Testing System Crashed and How to Build Resilient Backend Services
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Oct 26, 2022 · Backend Development

Designing a Scalable After‑Sales System: Architecture, Distributed Locks, and ES Sync

This article explains the capabilities, positioning, and three‑tier architecture of JD Daojia's after‑sales system, detailing how it handles multi‑endpoint requests, distributed locking, promotion‑aware split data, Elasticsearch synchronization, combined return logistics, and accurate refund processing.

MicroservicesSystem Designafter-sales
0 likes · 16 min read
Designing a Scalable After‑Sales System: Architecture, Distributed Locks, and ES Sync
phodal
phodal
Oct 24, 2022 · Industry Insights

Unlocking Ultra-Fast Systems: Key Patterns Behind Low‑Latency Architecture

This article provides a comprehensive overview of low‑latency architecture, covering network hardware, system‑level programming strategies, language choices, memory management techniques, event‑driven designs, high‑performance data structures, and visualization approaches for building ultra‑fast computing systems.

Java performanceMemory ManagementSystem Design
0 likes · 10 min read
Unlocking Ultra-Fast Systems: Key Patterns Behind Low‑Latency Architecture
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Oct 23, 2022 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a Lightweight Asynchronous Message Processing Framework for Data Catalog

This article describes the motivation, requirements, design, and implementation of a lightweight asynchronous message processing framework built by ByteDance to handle near‑real‑time metadata changes for DataLeap's Data Catalog, detailing its architecture, thread model, state management, delay handling, monitoring, and operational experiences.

KafkaSystem Designasynchronous-processing
0 likes · 11 min read
Design and Implementation of a Lightweight Asynchronous Message Processing Framework for Data Catalog
Top Architect
Top Architect
Oct 18, 2022 · Fundamentals

How to Create Effective Software Architecture Diagrams: 4+1 and C4 Views

This article explains the purpose and classification of software architecture diagrams, introduces the 4+1 view model and the C4 model, and provides practical guidance on choosing the right view for different audiences to produce clear, self‑describing architectural drawings.

4+1 viewArchitecture DiagramsC4 model
0 likes · 9 min read
How to Create Effective Software Architecture Diagrams: 4+1 and C4 Views
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Oct 18, 2022 · Fundamentals

How to Design Effective System Architecture Diagrams: Definitions, Views, and Best Practices

This article explains the concept of system architecture, outlines the classification of architecture diagrams—including the 4+1 and C4 views—describes each view’s purpose and audience, and provides practical guidelines for creating clear, self‑describing diagrams that align with code and stakeholder needs.

4+1 viewArchitecture DiagramsC4 model
0 likes · 8 min read
How to Design Effective System Architecture Diagrams: Definitions, Views, and Best Practices
Architect
Architect
Oct 7, 2022 · Backend Development

What Does a Software Architect Do? Roles, Skills, and Career Path

This article explains the responsibilities, required skills, and career advice for software architects, covering job duties, real‑world examples, essential technical and soft‑skill preparation, and practical tips for advancing toward and succeeding in an architecture role.

System DesignTechnical Skillscareer advice
0 likes · 12 min read
What Does a Software Architect Do? Roles, Skills, and Career Path
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Oct 1, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding Software Architecture: Essence, Layers, and Classifications

This article explains the fundamental concepts of software architecture, distinguishing it from frameworks, defining system, subsystem, module, and component, outlining the four core aspects of architecture, and detailing the various layers such as business, application, data, code, technical, and deployment architectures.

System Designapplication architecturearchitecture fundamentals
0 likes · 9 min read
Understanding Software Architecture: Essence, Layers, and Classifications
政采云技术
政采云技术
Sep 29, 2022 · Operations

Design Considerations for Rebuilding a Procurement Warning Monitoring System

The article discusses the limitations of the existing procurement warning system, outlines the need for a comprehensive redesign to support complex business scenarios, and emphasizes continuous user feedback and seamless information and data flow to maintain long‑term competitiveness.

System Designmonitoringprocurement
0 likes · 2 min read
Design Considerations for Rebuilding a Procurement Warning Monitoring System
Top Architect
Top Architect
Sep 27, 2022 · Fundamentals

Fundamentals of Software Architecture: Concepts, Layers, and Classifications

This article provides a comprehensive overview of software architecture, defining core concepts such as system, subsystem, module, component, framework, and architecture itself, and detailing the various layers—including business, application, data, code, technical, and deployment architectures—along with their design principles and practical considerations.

ModulesSystem Designarchitecture layers
0 likes · 9 min read
Fundamentals of Software Architecture: Concepts, Layers, and Classifications
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Sep 25, 2022 · Backend Development

Master System Design Discussions: From Requirements to Scalable Architecture

This guide walks you through structuring a system‑design discussion—from clarifying functional and non‑functional requirements, mapping user flows and API calls, to outlining high‑level architecture, scaling strategies, and drafting a database schema—using a Twitter‑like example to illustrate each step.

API DesignSystem Designdatabase-schema
0 likes · 9 min read
Master System Design Discussions: From Requirements to Scalable Architecture
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Sep 23, 2022 · Backend Development

Scaling a Nationwide ID Lookup Service with Minimal Resources

The article outlines a practical backend design for handling 20 million daily ID lookups across a billion records, showing how modest hardware—20 virtual machines with 16 GB RAM each—can meet the load using simple sharding, in‑memory storage, and basic networking techniques.

BackendSystem Designdatabase
0 likes · 7 min read
Scaling a Nationwide ID Lookup Service with Minimal Resources
Top Architect
Top Architect
Sep 21, 2022 · Fundamentals

How to Create Clear Software Architecture Diagrams: Concepts, Types, and Best Practices

This article explains the importance of clear software architecture diagrams, defines basic concepts and various diagram types such as context, container, component, and class diagrams, offers practical guidelines for creating self‑describing, audience‑focused diagrams, and shares tools and examples to improve communication among developers, ops, and stakeholders.

C4 modelSystem Designdiagram methodology
0 likes · 12 min read
How to Create Clear Software Architecture Diagrams: Concepts, Types, and Best Practices
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Sep 12, 2022 · Backend Development

Designing a Scalable Backend for Nationwide Health Data Queries

The article outlines a simple, cost‑effective backend architecture for handling up to 20 million daily health‑status queries across a billion users, detailing data storage, sharding by ID, memory requirements, load handling, and redundancy strategies, while noting practical limitations and promotional notes.

BackendPerformanceSystem Design
0 likes · 6 min read
Designing a Scalable Backend for Nationwide Health Data Queries
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Sep 6, 2022 · Backend Development

Understanding Rate Limiting in Distributed Systems: Algorithms and Best Practices

Rate limiting safeguards distributed systems by controlling request rates through algorithms such as leaky bucket, token bucket, fixed and sliding windows, and back pressure, while client‑side tactics like exponential backoff, jitter, and careful retries, and requires atomic distributed storage solutions (e.g., Redis+Lua) to avoid race conditions.

System Designalgorithmback pressure
0 likes · 16 min read
Understanding Rate Limiting in Distributed Systems: Algorithms and Best Practices
macrozheng
macrozheng
Sep 3, 2022 · Fundamentals

Essential Open‑Source Resource Collections Every Developer Should Bookmark

This article curates a selection of high‑quality open‑source repositories—including Awesome lists, freeCodeCamp, developer‑roadmap, Build‑Your‑Own‑X, Git‑ignore templates, System Design Primer, and Coding‑Interview‑University—to help developers quickly find valuable learning and reference material across many domains.

System Designawesome listscoding interview
0 likes · 6 min read
Essential Open‑Source Resource Collections Every Developer Should Bookmark
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Sep 3, 2022 · Fundamentals

Architectural Musings: Defining Architecture and Its Role in Software Development

This article explores the concept of architecture—from its origins in human societal division of labor to its application in software design—highlighting why recognizing problems, defining boundaries, and splitting responsibilities are essential for building effective, scalable systems that serve human needs.

Business AnalysisSystem Designorganizational structure
0 likes · 60 min read
Architectural Musings: Defining Architecture and Its Role in Software Development
NiuNiu MaTe
NiuNiu MaTe
Sep 1, 2022 · Backend Development

How to Choose the Right Message Queue: Scenarios, Features, and Comparison

This article explains what message queues are, outlines key application scenarios such as asynchronous processing, message distribution, and traffic shaping, compares popular solutions like ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, RocketMQ, and Kafka across performance and reliability dimensions, and provides practical guidance for selecting the most suitable queue for different business needs.

KafkaRabbitMQSystem Design
0 likes · 8 min read
How to Choose the Right Message Queue: Scenarios, Features, and Comparison
Top Architect
Top Architect
Aug 28, 2022 · Information Security

Designing Permission Management and RBAC Models: From Basic Needs to Ideal Architectures

This article explains why permission management is essential for data security, introduces various permission models including basic RBAC, role inheritance, constrained RBAC, and discusses user grouping, organization‑based roles, and detailed database schema designs for both standard and ideal RBAC systems.

Permission ManagementRBACSystem Design
0 likes · 16 min read
Designing Permission Management and RBAC Models: From Basic Needs to Ideal Architectures
网易UEDC
网易UEDC
Aug 26, 2022 · Product Management

How Structured Product Thinking Solves Complex Error Messaging Challenges

This article explores how applying product thinking, structured analysis, and system design can transform chaotic error‑message handling into a clear, maintainable process, offering practical tools for defining, standardizing, and dynamically configuring error prompts across multiple platforms and scenarios.

System DesignUXerror handling
0 likes · 12 min read
How Structured Product Thinking Solves Complex Error Messaging Challenges
Meituan Technology Team
Meituan Technology Team
Aug 25, 2022 · Databases

Data Replication in Distributed Systems – Part 1: Models, Challenges, and Design Considerations

The article surveys three data‑replication models—master‑slave, multi‑master, and leaderless—explains how they enable scalability and fault‑tolerance, and examines core distributed‑system challenges such as partial node failures, unreliable networks, and unsynchronized clocks, while stressing safety‑liveness trade‑offs and design techniques like quorum and timeouts.

KafkaSystem Designconsistency
0 likes · 37 min read
Data Replication in Distributed Systems – Part 1: Models, Challenges, and Design Considerations
Sanyou's Java Diary
Sanyou's Java Diary
Aug 18, 2022 · Operations

11 Essential Techniques to Build Highly Available Systems

Learn the eleven key strategies—including system splitting, decoupling, asynchronous processing, retries, compensation, backups, multi‑active deployment, isolation, rate limiting, circuit breaking, and degradation—that together form a robust high‑availability architecture for large‑scale internet services, ensuring reliability and scalability.

MicroservicesSystem Design
0 likes · 13 min read
11 Essential Techniques to Build Highly Available Systems
Top Architect
Top Architect
Aug 4, 2022 · Backend Development

Designing a High‑Concurrency Ticket‑Seckill System with Load Balancing, Redis, and Go

This article explains how to build a high‑concurrency ticket‑seckill service that can handle millions of requests by combining distributed load‑balancing (OSPF, LVS, Nginx weighted round‑robin), a pre‑deduction stock strategy using local memory and Redis with Lua scripts, and a Go‑based HTTP server, and it demonstrates performance testing results.

GoRedisSystem Design
0 likes · 19 min read
Designing a High‑Concurrency Ticket‑Seckill System with Load Balancing, Redis, and Go
Sohu Tech Products
Sohu Tech Products
Aug 3, 2022 · Backend Development

Design and Evolution of the Price‑Increase Coupon Service for a C2B Recycling Platform

This article details the architectural evolution of a price‑increase coupon system used in a C2B digital‑product recycling business, covering its initial experimental phase, platformization, sharding, intelligent recommendation, Elasticsearch integration, and stability enhancements through NoSQL and read‑replica strategies.

ElasticsearchSystem Designc2b recycling
0 likes · 10 min read
Design and Evolution of the Price‑Increase Coupon Service for a C2B Recycling Platform
Baidu Geek Talk
Baidu Geek Talk
Jul 25, 2022 · Backend Development

Baidu Wenku Download Service Microservices Transformation Practice

Baidu Wenku revamped its download function by breaking the monolith into an independent microservice, establishing unified protocols, a modular framework for security, rate‑limiting and logging, and real‑time monitoring, which reduced maintenance costs, improved user experience, and enabled rapid, system‑wide updates.

Baidu WenkuMicroservicesSystem Design
0 likes · 16 min read
Baidu Wenku Download Service Microservices Transformation Practice
Sanyou's Java Diary
Sanyou's Java Diary
Jul 21, 2022 · Fundamentals

How to Choose the Right Message Queue: Kafka vs RabbitMQ vs RocketMQ

This article explains the fundamentals of message queues, compares Kafka, RabbitMQ, and RocketMQ in terms of architecture, key concepts, advantages, and drawbacks, and provides practical guidance on selecting the most suitable queue for different application scenarios such as high‑throughput logging, financial transactions, or small‑scale services.

KafkaRabbitMQRocketMQ
0 likes · 16 min read
How to Choose the Right Message Queue: Kafka vs RabbitMQ vs RocketMQ
转转QA
转转QA
Jul 21, 2022 · Operations

Design and Implementation of a Payment Verification Tool for E‑commerce QA

This article presents a comprehensive case study of how the ZhuangZhuang QA team designed, built, and deployed a payment verification tool to automate and accelerate testing of complex e‑commerce payment scenarios, detailing the business background, requirements analysis, system architecture, core functionalities, generic service invocation, and measurable efficiency gains.

QA AutomationSystem Designpayment verification
0 likes · 10 min read
Design and Implementation of a Payment Verification Tool for E‑commerce QA
Dada Group Technology
Dada Group Technology
Jul 16, 2022 · Backend Development

Optimizing Rider Withdrawal Payments at Dada Express: Asynchronous Concurrency, Extended Timeouts, Idempotent Retries, and Security Enhancements

This article details how Dada Express improved the efficiency of rider withdrawal payments by redesigning the clearing and disbursement workflow, introducing asynchronous thread‑pool concurrency, extending API timeouts, implementing idempotent retry logic, and adding safeguards to ensure fund security, resulting in a three‑fold reduction in processing time during peak periods.

BackendSystem Designconcurrency
0 likes · 9 min read
Optimizing Rider Withdrawal Payments at Dada Express: Asynchronous Concurrency, Extended Timeouts, Idempotent Retries, and Security Enhancements
DaTaobao Tech
DaTaobao Tech
Jul 11, 2022 · Backend Development

Optimizing System Design for a High‑Traffic Gather‑Order Page with Multi‑Level Caching and Chain‑of‑Responsibility

The author refactors a high‑traffic gather‑order page by introducing a reusable multi‑level cache with update‑key validation, Redis distributed locks and asynchronous refresh, and by restructuring the processing flow using a chain‑of‑responsibility/command pattern, while also handling pagination, weighted sorting, and time‑bound marketing keys to improve reliability, extensibility, and performance.

BackendCachingDesign Patterns
0 likes · 29 min read
Optimizing System Design for a High‑Traffic Gather‑Order Page with Multi‑Level Caching and Chain‑of‑Responsibility
Java High-Performance Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
Jul 6, 2022 · Backend Development

How to Build a Million-User Ticket Spike System with Go, Nginx, and Redis

This article explores the design of a high‑concurrency ticket‑spike system inspired by China’s 12306 platform, covering load‑balancing strategies, distributed stock deduction using Redis, Go‑based HTTP services, weighted round‑robin Nginx configuration, performance testing with ApacheBench, and practical architectural insights for handling millions of simultaneous requests.

GoRedisSystem Design
0 likes · 20 min read
How to Build a Million-User Ticket Spike System with Go, Nginx, and Redis
ByteDance SE Lab
ByteDance SE Lab
Jun 28, 2022 · Backend Development

Douyin's Video Red Packet System: Architecture, Scaling Challenges & Solutions

During the Chinese New Year campaign, Douyin integrated video creation with red packet gifting, supporting both B2C and C2C flows; this article details the system’s core operations, modular design, high‑traffic subsidy handling, concurrency strategies, fault tolerance, security measures, and comprehensive performance testing.

Financial SecuritySystem Designbackend architecture
0 likes · 24 min read
Douyin's Video Red Packet System: Architecture, Scaling Challenges & Solutions
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jun 22, 2022 · Fundamentals

How to Create Clear Software Architecture Diagrams: Concepts, Types, and Best Practices

This article explains the purpose and benefits of software architecture diagrams, introduces basic concepts and the 4+1 view classification, describes what makes a good diagram, outlines common pitfalls, and presents the C4 modeling approach with practical examples for clear communication among stakeholders.

Architecture DiagramC4 modelSystem Design
0 likes · 12 min read
How to Create Clear Software Architecture Diagrams: Concepts, Types, and Best Practices
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jun 21, 2022 · Fundamentals

How to Create Clear Architecture Diagrams: Concepts, Types, and Best Practices

This article explains the purpose and definition of software architecture diagrams, introduces the 4+1 view classification and the C4 model (system context, container, component, and code diagrams), discusses common pitfalls, and provides practical guidance and tool recommendations for producing self‑describing, audience‑focused architecture visuals.

Architecture DiagramsC4 modelSystem Design
0 likes · 11 min read
How to Create Clear Architecture Diagrams: Concepts, Types, and Best Practices
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Jun 13, 2022 · Information Security

Design of Zhuanzhuan's Unified Permission Management System – Part 1: Architecture and Models

This article introduces the problems of the legacy permission approach at Zhuanzhuan, compares industry‑standard RBAC and ABAC models, explains the design rationale for a hybrid RBAC‑based system, and outlines the core modules, role hierarchy, and permission types for the new unified permission management platform.

ABACAccess ControlAuthorization
0 likes · 15 min read
Design of Zhuanzhuan's Unified Permission Management System – Part 1: Architecture and Models
Laiye Technology Team
Laiye Technology Team
Jun 10, 2022 · Backend Development

Understanding System Failures and Principles for Resilient Architecture

The article analyzes why modern software systems repeatedly collapse—due to growing business complexity, unpredictable changes, and architectural decay—and proposes principles such as decentralization, integration, and diversity, along with practical strategies like service mesh and eBPF, to design more sustainable, observable, and self‑evolving architectures.

ComplexityMicroservicesResilience
0 likes · 12 min read
Understanding System Failures and Principles for Resilient Architecture
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jun 5, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding Software Architecture: From Machine Language to Modern Design

This article explains the evolution of programming—from machine code, assembly, and high‑level languages—to the software crises that led to structured programming, object‑oriented design, and ultimately the emergence of software architecture as a solution for managing system complexity.

System DesignTechnology Fundamentalsprogramming languages
0 likes · 14 min read
Understanding Software Architecture: From Machine Language to Modern Design
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
May 30, 2022 · R&D Management

From Machine Code to Modern Systems: A Deep Dive into Software Architecture

This article traces the evolution of software development—from machine language and assembly to high‑level languages—explores the two software crises, explains why software architecture emerged, and clarifies core concepts such as systems, subsystems, modules, components, frameworks, and architecture itself.

ComponentSoftware HistorySystem Design
0 likes · 13 min read
From Machine Code to Modern Systems: A Deep Dive into Software Architecture
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
May 29, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding Software Architecture: History, Concepts, and Definitions

This article explores the evolution of software development from machine code to high‑level languages, explains the two software crises and their solutions, defines system, subsystem, module, component, framework and architecture, and concludes that software architecture is a strategic response to system complexity requiring careful judgment and trade‑offs.

Object-Oriented ProgrammingSystem Designprogramming languages
0 likes · 12 min read
Understanding Software Architecture: History, Concepts, and Definitions
Dada Group Technology
Dada Group Technology
May 20, 2022 · Backend Development

Design and Evolution of JD Daojia Product Governance System

The article details the background, architecture, early challenges, redesign principles, business and technical issues, and future plans of JD Daojia's product governance system, illustrating how a micro‑service based backend platform detects and resolves compliance problems such as sensitive words, inaccurate weight, and image violations.

MicroservicesSystem Designbackend architecture
0 likes · 15 min read
Design and Evolution of JD Daojia Product Governance System
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
May 17, 2022 · Backend Development

Mastering Backend Development: Key Concepts, Architecture, and Best Practices

This comprehensive guide explores essential backend development concepts—from system design principles like high cohesion and low coupling, through architecture patterns such as high availability and load balancing, to network communication, fault handling, monitoring, and deployment strategies, providing clear explanations for developers.

BackendSystem Designarchitecture
0 likes · 32 min read
Mastering Backend Development: Key Concepts, Architecture, and Best Practices
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
May 15, 2022 · R&D Management

Mastering Technical Architecture: Strategic & Tactical Design Principles

This article explains how technical architecture transforms product requirements into concrete systems, tackles uncertainty in technology choices, and presents strategic principles—fit, simplicity, evolution—alongside tactical guidelines for high concurrency, high availability, and business design, supported by logical and physical diagram examples.

System Designdesign principleshigh availability
0 likes · 15 min read
Mastering Technical Architecture: Strategic & Tactical Design Principles
Top Architect
Top Architect
May 14, 2022 · Backend Development

Strategic and Tactical Design Principles for Technical Architecture

This article explains how to design robust technical architectures by addressing strategic principles such as suitability, simplicity, and evolution, and tactical guidelines covering high concurrency, high availability, and business design, while illustrating logical and physical architecture diagrams for real‑world systems.

System Designdesign principleshigh availability
0 likes · 14 min read
Strategic and Tactical Design Principles for Technical Architecture
Architects Research Society
Architects Research Society
May 7, 2022 · Backend Development

System Design of Hotel Booking Applications: Microservices Architecture, Databases, and Messaging

This article explains how large hotel‑booking platforms such as Airbnb, Booking.com and OYO use a micro‑services architecture, load balancers, master‑slave databases, caching, message queues, Elasticsearch, Cassandra and Hadoop to deliver seamless hotel management, search, booking and view‑booking services at massive scale.

System Designbackend architecturedatabases
0 likes · 7 min read
System Design of Hotel Booking Applications: Microservices Architecture, Databases, and Messaging
Wukong Talks Architecture
Wukong Talks Architecture
Apr 23, 2022 · Backend Development

Design and Scaling of a High‑Concurrency Spring Festival Shake‑and‑Red‑Packet System

This article details the architecture, challenges, and solutions behind a high‑traffic Spring Festival shake‑and‑red‑packet system, covering prototype design, bandwidth and request‑rate handling, access clusters, overload protection, and iterative versions that achieved up to 110 billion shakes with peak loads of 14 million requests per second.

BackendSystem Designhigh concurrency
0 likes · 17 min read
Design and Scaling of a High‑Concurrency Spring Festival Shake‑and‑Red‑Packet System