This article explains what an API gateway is, outlines its core data‑plane and control‑plane functions, compares popular open‑source gateways such as Nginx, Zuul, Spring Cloud Gateway, Kong and Traefik, and details a company‑specific microservice gateway built on Traefik with Etcd and Go.
This article explains why an API gateway is essential in micro‑service architectures, introduces Spring Cloud Gateway’s core features, walks through project setup, routing predicates, filters, integration with Nacos for service discovery and dynamic routing, and demonstrates custom global error handling.
This article examines the trade‑offs between RPC and event‑driven communication in microservice architectures, detailing different types of coupling, the benefits and drawbacks of event notification and event sourcing, practical examples, and strategies such as API gateways and internal microservice design to reduce tight coupling.
This article analyzes and compares the routing matching processes of the open‑source API gateways APISIX and Kong, detailing their initialization, rule generation, categorization, matching algorithms, performance testing, and concluding why APISIX's radix‑tree approach yields higher efficiency.
This article compares the open‑source API gateways APISIX and KONG across community activity, plugin richness, performance under various workloads, secondary development flexibility, and their suitability for cloud‑native environments such as Kubernetes ingress and function compute integration.
This article explains why browsers enforce same‑origin policies causing CORS problems, outlines common remedies such as the @CrossOrigin annotation, HttpClient usage, and Spring Cloud Gateway integration, and provides detailed configuration and code examples for implementing these solutions in a Java backend.
This article outlines the design and implementation of a unified data service platform that standardizes data access, accelerates model processing, provides flexible API construction, and ensures high availability through gateway, caching, and monitoring, ultimately reducing cost and improving efficiency for both C‑end and B‑end applications.
The article explains how microservices communicate, comparing RPC and event‑driven approaches, describing event notification and event sourcing, discussing API gateways, coupling types, internal microservice design, and practical guidelines for limiting service count and reducing tight coupling.
The article outlines a standardized data‑service platform built atop a warehouse, detailing its construction, query, and gateway layers—supporting model definition, acceleration, reusable APIs, unified DSL/SQL interfaces, and observability—to solve ingestion, definition, and lineage issues, achieving 500+ APIs, sub‑day creation, and 18% cost reduction.
This article describes the background, design, configuration, encryption, mock data handling, and practical deployment steps of an external gateway that unifies and secures communication between internal vehicle payment services and external channels such as Apple Pay, Alipay, WeChat Pay, and UnionPay.
This article introduces GraphQL, explains its adoption by GitHub, discusses its challenges, and demonstrates how Apache APISIX can perform fine‑grained GraphQL routing with practical code examples and future enhancement ideas.
This article explains what an API gateway is, why it is needed in micro‑service architectures, outlines core design ideas such as routing, service registration, load balancing, resilience and security, distinguishes traffic and business gateways, and compares major open‑source implementations like OpenResty, Kong, Zuul 1/2 and Spring Cloud Gateway.
This article explains the fundamental concepts of API gateways, why they are essential in micro‑service architectures, outlines core design ideas such as routing, load balancing, resilience and security, and compares popular open‑source implementations like OpenResty, Kong, Zuul and Spring Cloud Gateway.
This article explains how to extend Sentinel's flow‑control capabilities in a Spring Cloud Gateway to implement traffic replication, covering Sentinel fundamentals, its slot‑chain architecture, custom filter code, configuration steps, and practical usage for testing and load‑testing with real traffic.
This article provides an in‑depth overview of API gateways, explaining their basic concepts, design principles, key features such as request routing, service registration, load balancing, resilience and security, and compares popular gateway solutions like OpenResty, Kong, Zuul and Spring Cloud Gateway for microservice architectures.
This article explains how Nginx evolved into the Kong API gateway through OpenResty, describes Kong’s plugin architecture and micro‑service‑oriented capabilities, and demonstrates setting up and managing Kong with Konga on Tencent Cloud, including monitoring, logging, and high‑availability features.
This article explains the role of API gateways, compares access‑layer and application‑layer designs, and provides a step‑by‑step guide to constructing a dynamic, high‑throughput gateway using OpenResty’s Nginx‑Lua architecture, plugin system, and runtime configuration features.
The article explains the different kinds of coupling in microservice communication, compares RPC and event‑driven (event notification and event sourcing) approaches, discusses API gateways, service versioning, and offers practical guidance on when to use each method while highlighting the challenges of tight coupling and internal microservice design.
KubeGateway, a custom seven‑layer gateway by ByteDance, eliminates kube‑apiserver load imbalance, provides fine‑grained request routing, rate limiting, degradation, and transparent authentication, thereby dramatically improving Kubernetes cluster availability and operational stability.
The article chronicles the architectural evolution of China Telecom's Tianyi Account gateway—from its 2017 Zuul‑based 1.0 implementation, through a 2.0 redesign using Kong with custom plugins, to the current 3.0 version featuring CP/DP separation, multi‑language plugins, and cloud‑native deployment, highlighting performance gains, scalability, and operational improvements.
This article explains what an API gateway is, why it is needed in micro‑service architectures, outlines core design ideas such as request routing, service registration, load balancing, resilience and security, and compares major open‑source gateways like OpenResty, Kong, Zuul 1/2 and Spring Cloud Gateway.
This article presents the motivation, architecture, component selection, user authentication flow, micro‑service integration, and technical details—including custom Lua plugins and NGINX phases—of an automated operations platform built on the cloud‑native API gateway Apache APISIX.
This article explores the use of Reactor in Spring Cloud Gateway, highlighting its role in enabling reactive programming for efficient API gateway implementations through non-blocking, asynchronous operations and advanced data flow management.
This article explains what an API gateway is, why it is needed in micro‑service architectures, outlines key design ideas such as request routing, service registration, load balancing, resilience and security, and compares major open‑source gateways like OpenResty, Kong, Zuul and Spring Cloud Gateway.
This article presents a comprehensive guide to building a SpringBoot API gateway that covers core capabilities such as authentication, routing, standardized responses, and custom error handling, while achieving high performance with NIO2, high availability with Alibaba Sentinel, and robust security features like IP black‑listing.
This guide presents twelve practical steps—from understanding the trade‑offs and planning the transition to adopting monorepos, CI pipelines, API gateways, feature flags, and observability—that help teams safely decompose a large monolithic application into a robust microservices architecture.
The article explains the specific stability, regulatory, and precision requirements of financial software, examines Java's role in the sector, describes the shortcomings of Spring Cloud Gateway, and details how Apache APISIX was adopted, deployed, customized, and evaluated to improve performance, cost, and operational efficiency in a cloud‑native environment.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of microservice architecture, covering its definition, history, differences from monolithic development, key characteristics, comparison with SOA, practical implementation steps, common design patterns, advantages, disadvantages, and essential considerations for successful adoption.
This article walks you through the complete journey from a simple monolithic e‑commerce application to a highly scalable, low‑latency, event‑driven microservices system, covering design patterns, principles, communication strategies, data management techniques, and technology choices.
This article explains the evolution and core principles of Serverless computing, outlines its benefits for reducing operational complexity and cost, and provides a step‑by‑step tutorial for building, testing, and exposing a function on Alibaba Cloud using Function Compute and API Gateway.
This article explains what an API gateway is, why it is needed in micro‑service architectures, outlines essential design ideas such as routing, service registration, load balancing, resilience and security, and compares major open‑source gateways like OpenResty, Kong, Zuul, and Spring Cloud Gateway.
This article explains the fundamental concepts of API gateways, their design motivations, key architectural components such as routing, service registration, load balancing, resilience, and security, and provides a comparative overview of popular open‑source implementations like OpenResty, Kong, Zuul, and Spring Cloud Gateway.
This article provides an in‑depth overview of API gateways, covering basic concepts, design principles, functional requirements, traffic vs. business gateways, comparisons of popular implementations such as OpenResty, Kong, Zuul, and Spring Cloud Gateway, and practical recommendations for high performance, availability, and scalability in microservice architectures.
This tutorial explains what gateway rate limiting is, shows how to integrate Alibaba Sentinel with Spring Cloud Gateway, details the configuration of Sentinel dashboard, gateway flow rules, API group management, implementation principles, and how to customize block responses for robust microservice protection.
This article explains how to design API gateways by comparing common gateway solutions, outlining essential design aspects such as routing, service discovery, load balancing, resilience, security, and high performance, availability, and scalability, and summarizing the strengths of OpenResty, Kong, Zuul, and Spring Cloud Gateway.
This article explains the role of an API gateway in microservice architectures, details why Spring Cloud Gateway is chosen, describes its workflow, predicates, filters, dynamic routing, and demonstrates token authentication with code examples, helping developers integrate a unified entry point for their services.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Spring Cloud, explaining its core modules such as Eureka, Zuul, Ribbon, Hystrix, Feign, and Config, and compares popular service‑registry solutions while offering practical guidance for building robust microservice architectures.
The talk traces the evolution of API Gateway architectures and the engineering practices—design patterns, deployment strategies, and operational considerations—required for scalable, reliable services, then demonstrates how ClickHouse can be leveraged for massive data workloads, highlighting practical scenarios, performance optimizations, and key lessons learned.
Senior Bilibili infrastructure engineers Chen Zhihui and Hu Fuwang will present at the GIAC Global Internet Architecture Conference on the 22nd‑23rd, discussing the evolution and engineering of API Gateways and their practical use of ClickHouse for large‑scale data analytics, inviting active participation and exchange.
The Shopee Games team created a custom Protobuf‑driven API gateway that unifies external HTTP and internal RPC traffic, automatically generates routing, authentication, logging and Swagger from proto annotations, shares capacity across services, and boosts performance and resource utilization for their micro‑service‑based casual gaming platform.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Spring Cloud’s microservice architecture, detailing core components such as Eureka, Zuul, Ribbon, Hystrix, Feign, and Config, comparing registration centers like Nacos, ZooKeeper, Consul, and Etcd, and discussing best practices for service discovery and API gateway design.
The article presents a comprehensive overview of JD Daojia's Open Platform, detailing its service lifecycle—from platform introduction, service design, publishing, and authorization to state management and traffic‑control mechanisms—while explaining the underlying RPC‑based architecture and fixed‑window rate‑limiting algorithm.
Monet is a custom API gateway built on Spring Cloud Gateway that consolidates multiple platform endpoints into a single domain, providing unified routing, API management via Zookeeper, authentication and authorization, dynamic rate‑limiting with Sentinel, and extensible monitoring, addressing scalability and operational challenges of the Linglong platform.
This article explains the fundamentals of API gateways, their role in microservice architectures, key design considerations such as routing, load balancing, security, and elasticity, and compares major open‑source implementations like OpenResty, Kong, Zuul, and Spring Cloud Gateway.
This article explains how to migrate a traditional Node.js Express web application to a serverless environment by using an adaptation layer that maps function‑compute events to HTTP requests, covering both API‑gateway and HTTP triggers, core implementation steps, and alternative deployment methods.
This article describes how ShouQianBa standardized its API gateway stack by adopting Apache APISIX, detailing the reasons for selection, custom plugin development, logging enhancements, a bespoke management platform, version‑upgrade strategy, deployment model, and the resulting improvements in reliability and developer productivity.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of common microservice patterns and design principles, covering goals such as cost reduction, faster releases, resilience, visibility, and detailing decomposition, integration, database, CQRS, observability, health‑check, and deployment strategies for building robust backend systems.
This comprehensive guide explains how to transform a small e‑commerce monolith into a highly scalable, low‑latency, fault‑tolerant event‑driven microservice system by applying layered architecture, SOA, design patterns, API‑gateway strategies, CQRS, event sourcing, and appropriate cloud‑native technologies.
This article chronicles Bilibili’s transition from a PHP monolith to a Go‑based bilizone monolith, its subsequent decomposition into microservices, the adoption of Backend‑for‑Frontend (BFF) layers, and the eventual consolidation into a unified API gateway that streamlines routing, security, and traffic management across the platform.
The article traces Bilibili’s API gateway evolution from a crash‑prone 2015 PHP monolith through a Go‑based bilizone, then fragmented BFF services, to a unified microservice gateway that centralizes routing, authentication, rate limiting, and governance, enabling scalable, decoupled development and a full API ecosystem.
This article details Snowball's transition from a single‑datacenter setup to a dual‑active, cloud‑native architecture using Apache APISIX, covering background challenges, problem analysis, gateway selection, architectural adjustments, authentication unification, observability enhancements, ZooKeeper integration, and future plans.
This article introduces the APISIX API gateway, explaining its cloud‑native architecture built on OpenResty and Etcd, the advantages over traditional monolithic service frameworks, detailed feature breakdowns, performance benchmark comparisons with OpenResty, multi‑cluster management practices, usage scenarios, monitoring, logging, and future development directions.
This article examines how Service Mesh and API Gateway differ in responsibilities, explores the east‑west versus north‑south traffic concepts, discusses two implementation philosophies, and traces the evolving integration of sidecars, BFF, and unified gateway solutions in modern microservice architectures.
This article explains microservices fundamentals, outlines key design principles, and details ten essential design patterns—including Aggregator, API Gateway, Chain of Responsibility, Asynchronous Messaging, Shared Database, Event Sourcing, Branch, CQRS, Circuit Breaker, and Decomposition—to help developers build scalable, resilient applications.
This article examines how Service Mesh and API Gateway differ in function and deployment, explores the philosophical debate over east‑west versus north‑south traffic when a gateway accesses internal services, and traces the evolving integration of sidecars, BFF layers, and cloud‑native architectures.
This article introduces KubeZoo, a lightweight Kubernetes multi‑tenant gateway that improves resource utilization, reduces operational overhead, and provides strong isolation for massive small tenants by converting API requests and managing tenants through a single control plane.
This article compares popular API gateways such as Nginx, Zuul, Spring Cloud Gateway, Kong, and Traefik, explains their core features and selection criteria, and details a custom Traefik‑based microservice gateway architecture built with Etcd and Go.
The Apache APISIX community announced the 2.13.0 LTS release, enhancing stability, adding observability plugins, a new OpenTelemetry tracing plugin, multi‑language (Wasm, Python, Go) support, and a comprehensive list of bug fixes and improvements.
This comprehensive guide teaches how to design scalable, highly available microservice architectures by applying design patterns, principles, and best practices, covering the evolution from monolithic to event‑driven systems, communication strategies, data management techniques, and technology choices such as API gateways, BFF, CQRS, and Kafka.
This article explores microservice communication, comparing monolithic and microservice architectures, introduces gateway-based communication methods, details gateway functions and use cases like blue‑green deployment and circuit breaking, and provides a step‑by‑step Zuul implementation with configuration and code examples.
Learn how to construct a cost‑effective, scalable dynamic web site using Serverless Devs, Alibaba Cloud API Gateway, Function Compute, and OSS, covering architecture overview, prerequisite services, step‑by‑step deployment, HTTPS setup, traffic limiting, monitoring, and links to relevant resources.
This article presents a comprehensive roadmap for adopting microservice architecture, explaining why it is chosen, outlining essential concerns such as Docker, container orchestration, API gateways, load balancing, service discovery, event buses, logging, monitoring, tracing, data persistence, caching, and cloud providers, and recommending popular tools for each component.
This article introduces Apache APISIX, a high‑performance API gateway built on OpenResty and etcd, explains its architecture, demonstrates how to install it as a Kubernetes Ingress controller using Helm charts, and shows configuration, routing, and dashboard usage with example manifests and commands.
This article examines the distinct responsibilities of Service Mesh and API Gateway, explores the philosophical debate over internal traffic classification, and details emerging integration patterns such as sidecar‑based gateways and BFF‑driven architectures, illustrated with real‑world examples from Ant Financial.
This guide outlines why microservice architecture is preferred for large applications, presents a clear learning roadmap, and details each critical concern—such as Docker, orchestration, API gateways, load balancing, service discovery, event buses, logging, monitoring, tracing, persistence, caching, and cloud providers—along with recommended tools.
This article details the step‑by‑step design, architecture, plugin configuration, authentication methods, code implementation, and performance testing of a Kong‑based API gateway built to handle millions of QPS during large‑scale events, highlighting challenges, solutions, and future directions.
This article outlines why microservice architecture is preferred over monolithic designs, presents a clear learning roadmap, and details essential concerns such as Docker, orchestration, API gateways, load balancing, service discovery, logging, monitoring, tracing, persistence, caching, and cloud providers, with recommended tools for each.
This article details the design and implementation of the Apex API gateway at Tencent, covering its architecture, dynamic routing, multi‑protocol support, distributed rate limiting, circuit breaking, service discovery, data masking, orchestration, testing automation, push services, observability, and future roadmap.
This article explains why microservice architecture is preferred over monolithic applications, outlines a learning roadmap, and details essential concerns such as Docker, container orchestration, API gateways, load balancing, service discovery, event buses, logging, monitoring, tracing, persistence, caching, and cloud providers.
This article explains the background, concepts, resource granularity, rule definition, calculation logic, and implementation steps for rate limiting and circuit breaking in microservice architectures, using examples from Spring Cloud, Kong, and Alibaba Sentinel to guide practical design decisions.
This article explains the motivations, concepts, resource granularity, rule definitions, and two‑stage sliding‑window computation needed to design and implement effective rate limiting and circuit breaking mechanisms for microservice APIs and API gateways, ensuring isolated failures do not cascade across services.
This article explores the motivations, concepts, and practical implementation strategies for rate limiting and circuit breaking in microservice architectures, covering resource granularity, rule definition, sliding‑window calculations, and integration with API gateways to prevent cascading failures and resource exhaustion.
This article details the step‑by‑step evolution of a company's business gateway from a single Nginx instance to a cloud‑native, Kubernetes‑based Kong deployment, covering the initial architecture, identified risks, custom controller implementation, performance testing, graceful shutdown, and smooth traffic switching strategies.
Apache APISIX 2.11.0 adds an LDAP‑based authentication plugin, expands observability with Datadog and SkyWalking plugins, introduces Azure Functions integration, provides early WASM support, and enhances existing plugins, all illustrated with detailed configuration examples and code snippets.
This article describes the architecture, core features, and implementation details of a high‑performance API gateway built with RxNetty, covering request dispatch, conditional routing, API management, rate‑limiting, security policies, monitoring, and future improvement directions.
This article introduces Spring Cloud Gateway, outlines its core components such as routes, predicates, and filters, and provides a detailed step‑by‑step analysis of the request handling process—including code examples, filter chain execution, routing, and response writing—offering practical insights for backend developers.
This article details the architecture of the Qingzhou Business Gateway, identifies its granular control, data‑loss, and performance issues, and explains a series of optimizations—including FFI usage, table‑pool reuse, coroutine caching, radixtree routing, and connection‑pool tuning—that raise single‑node QPS to 80 k while preserving functional capabilities.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of essential backend infrastructure components for Java-based services, covering API gateways, core frameworks, caching, databases, search engines, message queues, file storage, authentication, service governance, scheduling, logging, monitoring, and fault‑tolerance strategies.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Apache APISIX Ingress, explaining its architecture, comparison with Kubernetes Ingress Nginx, detailed feature set, custom resource definitions, practical deployment scenarios such as traffic splitting and authentication, and future roadmap within the cloud‑native ecosystem.
This article details the evaluation, migration, and practical implementation of replacing Ingress‑Nginx with Apache APISIX Ingress at YouPai Cloud, covering architectural changes, performance trade‑offs, configuration methods, health‑check strategies, and future expectations for a unified cloud‑native gateway.
This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of Spring Cloud, detailing its core modules such as Eureka, Zuul, Ribbon, Hystrix, Feign, and Config, analyzing registry and API‑gateway usage patterns, and comparing Eureka with alternatives like Nacos, ZooKeeper, Consul, and Etcd.
This article explains the architecture of a microservice‑centric API gateway, covering its overall placement, request dispatch, conditional routing, API management, rate‑limiting, circuit‑breaking, security policies, monitoring, tracing, and future improvement directions.
This article details the architecture, core functions, and implementation techniques of a reactive, RxNetty‑based API gateway that handles request dispatch, conditional routing, API management, rate limiting, circuit breaking, security policies, and monitoring within a microservices ecosystem.
This article presents the evolution, architecture, and engineering practices of Ctrip's API gateway, covering its transition to full asynchronous processing with Netty and RxJava, stream‑based forwarding, single‑threaded event‑loop design, performance optimizations, multi‑protocol support, routing, and modular governance for large‑scale microservice environments.
This article explores the evolution and current state of API gateways and load‑balancing techniques in distributed, micro‑service, cloud‑native systems, detailing client‑side versus server‑side balancing, architectural patterns, key features, open‑source solutions, and recent performance optimizations.
Apache APISIX 2.9 introduces the authz‑casbin authorization plugin, dynamic per‑route real‑ip configuration, and significant enhancements to external plugin mechanisms, including unique keys for Plugin Runner and reverse information retrieval, alongside richer features for existing plugins such as request‑id and error‑log‑logger.
This article introduces Apache APISIX, examines the challenges of using it as a data‑plane in a service‑mesh architecture, presents the apisix‑mesh‑agent as an intermediary solution, and outlines the advantages, design, and future roadmap of a APISIX‑based cloud‑native service mesh.
The article demonstrates how to integrate Paddle Serving’s new security‑gateway feature with the open‑source Kong API gateway and its Konga UI, using Docker‑Compose to create a secure, HTTPS‑encrypted, header‑authenticated AI model serving endpoint that hides internal services while supporting high‑concurrency inference.
This article reveals how Taobao Open Platform’s API gateway, message service, and data‑sync system achieve ultra‑high concurrency, low latency, and zero‑loss reliability through multi‑level caching, asynchronous processing, traffic control, and distributed storage techniques.
The article explains the role of an API Gateway as the single entry point for a system, detailing its core modules such as routing, service registration, load balancing, resilience, security, gray‑release, API aggregation and orchestration, and outlines key design, operational, and architectural considerations for building a high‑performance, highly available, and extensible gateway.
This article outlines the design and implementation of a high‑performance, reactive API gateway built on RxNetty, detailing its overall architecture, request routing, conditional routing, API management, rate‑limiting, circuit breaking, security policies, monitoring, tracing, and future enhancements within a microservices ecosystem.
This article explains the overall architecture of a reactive API gateway built on RxNetty, detailing its request dispatch, conditional routing for gray releases, API management, rate‑limiting and circuit‑breaking, security policies, and integrated monitoring and tracing within a microservices ecosystem.
This article explains the architecture, core concepts, routing mechanisms, configuration options, and extensibility of Spring Cloud Gateway, illustrating how it replaces Zuul with a non‑blocking Netty‑based solution and how to customize routes, predicates, filters, and dynamic updates for microservice environments.
Pixiu is a Golang‑based, cloud‑native API gateway built on dubbo‑go that bridges RESTful and Dubbo services, offering high performance, extensibility, and easy configuration through Listener, Router, Filters, and Client modules, with roadmap plans for gRPC, mesh integration, and more.
This article reviews essential microservice design patterns—including Database per Service, Event Sourcing, CQRS, Saga, Backend‑for‑Frontend, API Gateway, Strangler, Circuit Breaker, Externalized Configuration, and Consumer‑Driven Contract Testing—explaining their advantages, drawbacks, when to apply them, and common technology implementations.
This article examines the architectures, core features, and performance of several open‑source API gateways—including Nginx, Kong, APISIX, Tyk, Zuul, and Gravitee—by deploying sample services with Docker Compose, testing routing, load‑balancing, authentication, and other capabilities, and presenting benchmark results.
This comprehensive guide explores microservice architecture—from its historical roots and core characteristics to ten vital design patterns such as database per service, event sourcing, CQRS, Saga, BFF, API gateway, Strangler, circuit breaker, externalized configuration, and consumer‑driven contract testing—detailing their advantages, drawbacks, and practical usage scenarios.
This article details the architecture and implementation of a high‑concurrency API gateway built on RxNetty, covering request routing, conditional routing, API management, rate limiting, circuit breaking, security policies, monitoring, tracing, and future enhancements within a microservices environment.
In his talk, Horike, CEO of Serverless Operations, explains how open‑source projects such as a Step Functions workflow library, an API Gateway service‑proxy plugin, and the Jeffy Lambda framework are driving the future of serverless by lowering costs, simplifying development, and empowering engineers through community collaboration.
This guide introduces APISIX, a cloud‑native API gateway with visual management and dozens of plugins, walks through its core concepts, shows how to install it via Docker‑Compose, and demonstrates basic and advanced usage such as routing, authentication, rate limiting, and CORS support.
