This article introduces GraphQL as a query language for APIs, explains its history, shows how to define a schema and resolvers with graphql‑js, demonstrates query execution, error handling, built‑in types, and presents useful development tools such as GraphiQL and graphql‑import.
JD Chain, JD Digital Technology’s open‑source blockchain engine announced in 2019, offers enterprise‑grade features such as modular cryptographic algorithms, pluggable consensus protocols, key‑value ledger model, flexible storage, and comprehensive APIs, aiming to accelerate blockchain adoption across diverse business scenarios.
The article explains how modern enterprises can achieve adaptive integration by applying Gartner's Pace‑Layered architecture, categorizing applications into record, differentiation, and innovation layers, and using Microsoft services such as Azure Service Bus, Logic Apps, and BizTalk to manage governance, change control, and messaging across these layers.
The article introduces Service Mesh Interface (SMI), a lightweight standard for Kubernetes service meshes, explains its design goals, details the core API objects for traffic specification, access control, traffic splitting, and monitoring, and reviews the ecosystem of vendors and contributors supporting the specification.
The article shares Ctrip Hotel’s practical experiences and lessons learned while developing multiple mini‑programs (WeChat, Alipay, Baidu, Toutiao), covering product‑development collaboration, UI constraints, webview login handling, QR‑code strategies, “black‑tech” workarounds, and cross‑platform conversion tools.
This article explains a practical circuit‑breaker design for backend services, detailing detection logic, algorithm thresholds, time‑window statistics, recovery duration, manual overrides, a global switch, and how to monitor the breaker’s current state using Redis.
Cloud Call lets WeChat Mini Programs invoke most server‑side APIs with a single line of code by automatically handling access‑token acquisition and refresh, so developers can directly call functions such as templateMessage.send without managing credentials, while benefiting from the broader cloud development platform’s serverless resources.
Android Q brings a comprehensive set of enhancements—including stronger privacy controls, refined location permissions, shared shortcuts, a settings panel API, dynamic depth imaging, new audio/video codecs, native MIDI support, and ART performance improvements—designed to empower developers and improve user experience across a wide range of modern mobile devices.
The article introduces Octopus, the core automation service of 58 Group, detailing its overall architecture, the Octopus Agent lifecycle, communication mechanisms, management center capabilities, and key functional modules such as server information collection, command execution, deployment, permission control, and file transfer.
This tutorial walks through setting up a personal WeChat account, registering a public account, configuring an Nginx server on a public‑IP host, verifying WeChat signatures with Python, and implementing simple text, image, and QR‑code interactions using the official API.
This article explains what JavaScript Promises are, their immutable states, advantages and drawbacks, details the constructor, instance and static methods, provides code examples, and walks through the source implementations of resolve, reject, all, and race.
Microservices are isolated, loosely‑coupled units that solve single concerns, offering teams independent tooling, rapid iteration, and easier scaling; this article explains their principles, design considerations, challenges such as data sharing and dependencies, and provides a practical Node.js example with deployment tips.
This article explains the origins and problems GraphQL solves, describes its core concepts and advantages, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for integrating GraphQL into a Vue front‑end with Apollo as well as setting up a simple Node.js GraphQL server, complete with code examples.
This article introduces the Fiddler Mock Interface plugin, explains its background for API mocking during testing, details its one‑click features, UI additions, right‑click menu actions, color‑coded status indicators, and provides a step‑by‑step demonstration of mocking JSONP interfaces for front‑end developers.
This article demonstrates how to retrieve jokes from a free online API using Python, provides the same functionality in C#, shows the expected results, and includes links to the original API documentation for further exploration.
The article explains why consumer‑driven contract testing is essential for API and microservice development, describes how Spring Cloud Contract automates contract generation, stub creation, and testing for both providers and consumers, and provides practical tips, configuration details, and example contract formats.
This article examines the challenges of entrenched banking legacy systems—regulatory constraints, costly replacements, data migration delays, low developer morale, and file‑dependency bottlenecks—and details a practical API‑centric microservice solution built with Spring Cloud, DevOps tooling, and domain‑driven design to accelerate client onboarding, improve agility, and pave the way for cloud deployment.
This article explains how to build a simple WeChat auto‑reply robot in Python using the itchat library, integrate it with the Turing chatbot API, and handle message sending, receiving, and login persistence with concise code examples.
Front‑end developers often suffer from constantly changing back‑end APIs, outdated documentation, and testing that only starts near release, but by treating API specifications as contracts, using tools like Raml‑Mocker to generate mock servers and automate testing, teams can reduce rework, raise interface design quality, and streamline delivery.
This article explains the OAuth protocol, its role in providing secure third‑party access to user resources, describes the overall authorization architecture, outlines the involved parties and step‑by‑step flow, and details the four main grant types along with token refresh mechanisms.
Microservice architecture, likened to the human body's independent systems, breaks monolithic applications into loosely‑coupled, high‑cohesion services with isolated data stores and well‑designed APIs, enabling flexibility, scalability, and continuous delivery, while requiring careful scope definition, automation, monitoring, and handling of added DevOps complexity.
This article provides a comprehensive Java tutorial for accessing Baidu's OCR service, covering prerequisite setup, Maven dependencies, token acquisition, image-to‑Base64 conversion, HTTP request construction, and performance observations for Chinese, English, and mixed‑language image recognition.
This tutorial walks through building a Weibo monitoring tool in Python by simulating mobile login, extracting API endpoints, fetching user posts via JSON, handling containers, and implementing a session‑based class that polls for new tweets and sends email alerts.
Microservices decompose applications into small, autonomous services, offering advantages such as independent deployment, scalability, and technology diversity, while introducing challenges like operational complexity, DevOps demands, and governance, and the article compares them to monolithic architectures, discusses communication patterns, API design, and supporting infrastructure.
REST, an architectural style defined by Roy Fielding, structures web APIs around resources identified by URIs, exchanged as representations, and manipulated through stateless, uniform HTTP methods that enforce constraints such as client‑server separation, caching, layered systems, and optional code‑on‑demand to ensure scalable, predictable interactions.
This guide walks you through detecting push support, registering a service worker, requesting notification permission, creating a PushSubscription with proper options, and sending the subscription data to a backend for later use, all using modern JavaScript APIs.
This article explains microservice architecture, contrasting it with monolithic systems, outlines its benefits, challenges, governance, communication patterns, and the role of containers and DevOps in enabling fast, low‑cost responses to change.
This article explains the shortcomings of hard‑coded exposure tracking in the Beike Zhaofang Android app, benchmarks industry practices, proposes a flexible API‑driven strategy, and provides a complete RecyclerView scroll‑listener implementation with a double‑ended queue to record precise card visibility durations.
This article introduces GitLab as a powerful open‑source version control platform and explains how its comprehensive API can be leveraged to automate tasks such as branch creation, code commits, and project monitoring, enabling continuous integration and workflow management for development teams.
This article provides a step‑by‑step tutorial on deploying trained deep‑learning models to production, covering client‑server architecture, load balancing with Nginx, using Gunicorn and Flask, cloud platform choices, autoscaling, CI/CD pipelines, and additional tools such as TensorFlow Serving and Docker.
This article provides a detailed overview of JDK 10’s new features, including the twelve JEPs such as local‑variable type inference, expanded class‑data sharing, new APIs, JVM and language specification updates, and highlights the impact of these changes for Java developers.
The article argues that programmers who spend most of their careers developing on Linux tend to advance faster than those confined to Windows, citing differences in open‑source availability, API complexity, learning curves, and the ability to study superior architecture and design patterns.
This article explains what APIs are, outlines various API types—including web service, source code, hardware, and WebSocket APIs—and discusses their browser compatibility challenges, such as deprecated SDK methods, REST method support, and cross‑origin issues, offering practical tips for developers to ensure reliable API integration.
This article introduces JavaScript’s Proxy object, explains its core concepts—targets, handlers, and traps—and demonstrates practical uses such as property validation, data binding, and wrapping RESTful API calls with code examples, highlighting its versatility for developers.
This guide explains how to configure the Python environment and use the jenkinsapi library to interact with Jenkins, detailing class constructors, method signatures, parameters, and common operations such as retrieving job information, managing builds, and controlling jobs.
This article compares quick apps and WeChat mini programs across usage scenarios, entry points, API differences, component implementations, styling, event handling, static resources, and version constraints, highlighting how quick apps offer a more native‑like experience while leveraging front‑end technologies.
Learn how to design and implement a robust proxy IP pool for distributed web crawlers using Python, Flask, and SSDB, covering proxy acquisition, quality testing, storage, API services, scheduling, installation, and usage examples to ensure fast and stable crawling.
The article argues that, in most cases, developers who work on Linux gain skills faster than those who stay on Windows because of richer open‑source resources, fewer APIs to master, and easier access to high‑quality reference implementations.
Learn how to set up a personal WeChat public account, configure a public platform test server on Alibaba Cloud, verify messages via Python and Tornado, and implement basic text, image, and QR‑code interactions using the official WeChat API, complete with code snippets and configuration details.
This article explains Java's String class, covering its automatic import, how to create string objects without the new keyword, concatenation, immutability, common methods like replace, and provides useful API references and code examples for practical use.
This comprehensive guide walks you through installing the SpeechRecognition library, choosing a suitable Python package, handling audio files and microphones, and using the Recognizer API to convert spoken English into text while addressing noise, offsets, and advanced options.
This article explains what libvirt is, its role as an open‑source virtualization library and API, the hypervisors and tools it supports, its daemon architecture, the main API groups, and how client‑server connections are established for managing KVM‑based virtual machines.
This article combines humorous blockchain anecdotes with a clear, illustrated explanation of blockchain fundamentals and a complete Python tutorial that walks you through creating a blockchain, implementing proof‑of‑work, exposing it via Flask APIs, and handling node consensus.
This tutorial shows how to wrap the jsonplaceholder REST service with a GraphQL layer in Go, covering data models, schema creation, resolver functions, server setup, and example queries with results.
This guide walks you through logging into Baidu Cloud, capturing the transfer API via browser dev tools, analyzing required cookies and parameters, constructing the proper request headers and URL, and programmatically extracting share information to automate file transfers using Python.
This article dissects the Go implementation of Ethereum’s eth.syncing API, explaining the Syncing method, the SyncProgress struct, how block synchronization statistics are gathered, and how different sync modes affect the returned values, all illustrated with real source code excerpts.
Learn how to build a functional blockchain in Python using Flask, covering environment setup, the core Blockchain class, block and transaction structures, a simple proof‑of‑work algorithm, RESTful API endpoints, node registration, and a longest‑chain consensus mechanism, complete with runnable code examples.
This guide introduces GraphQL’s core concepts, compares it with REST, explains queries, mutations, types, and scalar rules, and walks through practical examples using GitHub’s GraphQL API, including fetching user data, comments, and adding or removing reactions.
This article summarizes Liang Xiangdong’s talk on the API Everything framework at the Gdevops 2017 conference, detailing the motivations, design principles, lifecycle, key products such as Stargate Cluster and API Portal, and the practical impact on backend development, DevOps automation, and front‑end/back‑end separation at Ele.me.
This article describes how the author built a Python library called CAAFinder to simplify Dassault CATIA CAA development by managing API references, and walks through setting up a PyCharm project with a VirtualEnv to use the tool.
The article explains how to adapt a JavaScript API module from using the Fetch API to Axios by introducing adapter abstractions, detailing code changes, error handling, and the benefits of refactoring for maintainability and extensibility.
This article explains how to add lightweight middleware in a Node.js server that records the start time on the request object, listens for the response finish event, calculates the elapsed time with process.hrtime, and uses curl to verify the timing for different endpoints.
This tutorial walks through using Python's requests library to fetch weather data from the Heweather API, rendering it with a Jinja2 HTML template, constructing and sending the email via smtplib, and scheduling the whole process with crontab, while highlighting common pitfalls.
This tutorial walks through using the Zabbix API with the pyzabbix Python library to retrieve monitoring data, then visualizes it with ECharts, showing step‑by‑step how to create personalized monitoring pages for better operational insight.
This article explains how to create a JavaScript function that sends a POST request to a license‑generation API, retrieve the license data, and use it in subsequent automated test cases, including handling asynchronous callbacks and example usage.
To prevent excessive user actions such as rapid screenshot requests, this guide shows how to implement a backend rate‑limiting mechanism using a reusable Python decorator that enforces a default 0.3‑second interval, handling exceptions when the limit is exceeded.
This tutorial demonstrates how to use Python to crawl official game websites of League of Legends, Honor of Kings, and Smite, extracting hero skin images by locating hero IDs, constructing image URLs, and downloading the files, providing complete code examples for both direct URL extraction and pattern‑based downloading.
This tutorial walks through using Python and BeautifulSoup to crawl user profiles, fan lists, and song information from the Quanmin K‑Song app, clean and store the data in MongoDB, handle pagination, and prepare the dataset for further analysis.
This tutorial walks through using Python and browser developer tools to locate, decode, and retrieve the hot comments from NetEase Cloud Music's hot song chart, including extracting song IDs, handling encrypted request parameters, and applying regex to gather song metadata.
The article introduces JD’s iOS Mocker, a server‑side mock service that decouples client development from backend progress, provides comprehensive mock data for all shopping‑flow interfaces, improves testing efficiency, ensures UI robustness, and outlines its architecture, usage workflow, and future extensions.
This article explores five event‑driven API architectures—WebSockets, WebHooks, REST Hooks, Pub‑Sub, and Server‑Sent Events—detailing their core functions, usage patterns, and pros and cons, while highlighting how they enable asynchronous communication and resource efficiency in modern web systems.
The 2016 China Mobile App Performance Report, released by leading APM provider Tingyun, analyzes iOS and Android crash rates, network performance, error distributions, and third‑party API responsiveness, revealing that iOS apps crash five times more often than Android, network errors dominate failures, and certain industries suffer higher latency, offering developers data‑driven guidance to improve user experience.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of SQLite, covering its file‑based embedded architecture, type affinity, core components, supported data types, essential API functions, transaction management, and techniques for storing and retrieving binary data in embedded applications.
This guide shows how to retrieve jokes from the free 易源笑话大全 API, providing a Python example and linking to additional C# and Java code snippets, so developers can quickly integrate humor into their applications without writing jokes themselves.
This article explains how to build a basic SMS verification feature by choosing a gateway, generating and storing 4‑digit codes in MongoDB with TTL, and validating them through a simple backend workflow using Node.js and Mongoose.
This guide compiles eleven practical Python requests tips—including preserving cookies across calls, simplifying headers, adding retry logic, disabling redirects, sending JSON payloads, extracting debug information, performing asynchronous requests with grequests, customizing cookies, mocking APIs, measuring request time, and setting timeouts—to help developers write cleaner, more reliable HTTP code.
This article explains why availability and reliability are critical for web APIs, outlines four common rate‑limiting techniques used at Stripe, describes how to choose and implement request, concurrent, usage‑based, and worker‑utilization limiters, and provides practical guidance for safely deploying them in production.
This article explains why availability and reliability are essential for web APIs, outlines four common rate‑limiting approaches used by Stripe—including request, concurrent, usage‑based, and worker‑utilization limiters—and provides practical guidance on implementing token‑bucket limiters with Redis while ensuring safe error handling and gradual rollout.
This article examines common misconceptions and pitfalls of front‑end/back‑end separation, explains why proper preparation and clear API design are essential, and outlines practical steps—from project planning to testing and deployment—to implement a successful separation strategy in modern web development.
Learn how to replace RESTful endpoints with a GraphQL service by creating a Hacker News API in Go, covering core concepts, type and field definitions, query and mutation setup, and essential resolver implementations illustrated with complete code examples.
This article compiles a comprehensive list of frequently encountered problems and practical solutions for WeChat Mini Program development, covering script environment limitations, navigation constraints, styling rules, network request handling, component usage, platform-specific bugs, and performance tips to help developers build stable mobile applications.
This article explains Taobao's product and SKU concepts, the relationship between attribute name and value tables, how to fetch and process attribute data via the API, and techniques for dynamically building forms and handling SKU combinations in e‑commerce systems.
The article presents a serverless‑style solution that replaces a heavy backend with a lightweight, automatically generated CRUD layer, detailing RESTful API conventions, extensions for batch operations, query parameters, foreign‑key handling, and a Rails‑based code‑generation pipeline to streamline development of a high‑availability supply‑chain system.
The article examines how the acquisition of ARM by SoftBank signals the start of a fierce competition for IoT entry points, explains the two‑level entry model of infrastructure and applications, analyzes Huawei’s open‑platform strategy and API value chain, and argues that openness is essential for building a sustainable IoT ecosystem.
The article examines Huawei’s push for open ICT capabilities by detailing how its developer community provides unified resource access, user‑friendly SDKs and documentation, a powerful IDE, remote lab environments, comprehensive support, certification processes, and a revenue‑sharing marketplace to foster a thriving ecosystem.
The article outlines how mobile Internet merges the data‑driven society with the physical world to create a new big‑data architecture and describes the seven distinct camps—Infrastructure, Analytics, Applications, Cross‑Domain Architecture, Open‑Source, Data Sources & APIs, and Incubator & Training—that together form a comprehensive end‑to‑end big‑data solution ecosystem.
This article introduces WeChat Mini Programs, compares them with Web Apps and other lightweight app models, explains their component‑based development workflow, key APIs, routing and styling, and discusses the cost, promotion, and future prospects of building mini‑apps on the WeChat platform.
This guide walks you through using Zabbix's JSON‑RPC API with curl to authenticate, retrieve host and item IDs, fetch historical metrics for specific time ranges, and access additional system information such as version, macros, and media settings.
Smaug, now called Karbor, is an OpenStack project that standardizes data protection across heterogeneous virtualization platforms by offering unified APIs, plugin architecture, and workflow services to protect VMs, volumes, networks, and other resources with backup, replication, and migration capabilities.
This article explains MySQL's overall logical architecture, details each component such as connectors, connection management, parser, optimizer, caches, and the pluggable storage engine framework, and provides examples of the storage engine API functions for creating, opening, scanning, indexing, and handling transactions, plus guidance on building a custom engine.
The discussion explores various perspectives on front‑back end separation, covering definitions, benefits, architectural patterns, technology choices like Node.js, Vue, Angular, and practical considerations such as API design, performance, and deployment strategies.
This article analyzes how APIs create commercial opportunities, explains the criteria of practicality and usability, examines case studies such as Amazon and Twilio, and provides a step‑by‑step guide for designing APIs that deliver accurate, accessible data and drive business growth.
This article provides a comprehensive visual overview of CPU architecture, instruction sets, operating system purposes, programming layers, privilege rings, execution modes, user interfaces, and the distinction between ABI and API, helping readers grasp core computing concepts in a structured manner.
This guide walks you through creating a WeChat Enterprise account, configuring its settings, enabling custom menus, and using the JS‑SDK with proper signature generation, providing step‑by‑step instructions and code snippets for a complete web integration.
An overview of HBase’s 2015 milestones—including the stable 1.0 release, clearer API with BufferedMutator, multi‑region replicas for high availability, family‑level flush improvements, RPC call‑queue separation, online configuration changes, and various Q&A on performance, replication, and best‑practice design considerations.
This article explains what RESTful APIs are, why they are essential for modern web and mobile development, and provides clear examples of common CRUD operations using standard HTTP methods.
This guide walks you through installing Sphinx, configuring the Read the Docs theme, generating reStructuredText from Python code, and building HTML documentation for your API, complete with project setup, conf.py tweaks, and custom module directives.
This article explains why APIs are valuable assets, outlines the essential traits of a good API, and provides a step‑by‑step design process—including requirements gathering, naming, documentation, performance considerations, exception handling, and refactoring examples—illustrated with Java code snippets.
This article explains why traditional front‑end/back‑end data coupling leads to duplicated effort, introduces GraphQL as a solution, and provides a step‑by‑step guide to creating a Node.js GraphQL server, defining schemas, handling queries, mutations, and extending the API for flexible, reusable data retrieval across multiple business scenarios.
OAuth2 provides a secure, open standard that lets third‑party applications obtain limited user access without exposing passwords, using a token‑based flow involving resource owners, clients, resource servers, and authorization servers, illustrated through a step‑by‑step authorization process.
This article surveys the ten most popular machine‑learning APIs from leading cloud providers, detailing their key features, documentation quality, ease of use, and popularity metrics, while also noting several noteworthy APIs that fell just outside the top ten.
This article examines how APIs create commercial opportunities by assessing data applicability, accuracy, and accessibility, illustrating the concepts with case studies from Amazon, Twilio, and other industries, and provides a practical guide for building useful and usable APIs that drive business growth.
The article explains the origin of RESTful architecture, defines its key concepts of resources, representations, and state transfer, outlines how HTTP verbs map to operations, and highlights typical design mistakes such as verb‑laden URIs and versioning in the URI path.
The article outlines seven reasons why modern software frameworks have become more important than programming languages, emphasizing API‑centric code, architectural focus, built‑in algorithms, smart IDEs, visual programming, and the rule‑based nature of frameworks.
The article shares a comprehensive set of development and operational best‑practice guidelines from Qunar’s internal wiki, covering URL testing, HTML validation, API documentation, security checks, logging, encoding, teamwork, and transparent change management for engineers.
This guide walks you through creating a lightweight WPF desktop application that leverages Baidu Translate’s public API to translate words, covering API key acquisition, HTTP GET requests, JSON parsing with Newtonsoft.Json, UI design in XAML, and handling special characters, enabling instant word translation without ads.
This article explains Guava's Range class, covering its mathematical definition, how to construct open, closed, and bounded ranges, perform containment, connectivity, intersection, span, and query operations, and use DiscreteDomain for enumerating values, with extensive Java code examples throughout.
This article explains the architecture and inter‑service communication of OpenStack, detailing each core component, the REST and RPC interactions, and demonstrates practical request flows for creating and shelving instances using nova‑client with debug output and relevant code excerpts.
The booming API economy lets developers replace custom code with ready‑made services—such as authentication, analytics, storage, and payments—so they can cut development time, lower bugs, and concentrate on core business logic, as illustrated by a curated list of useful APIs.
