This article explains the concepts of MyBatis first-level and second-level caches, demonstrates how they work with practical Java code, shows configuration methods, and highlights important considerations such as cache invalidation and eviction policies.
The article walks through building a minimal SQLite‑style database in Go, covering memory‑disk page storage, B‑tree indexing, simple SQL parsing for INSERT and SELECT, row serialization, a pager that flushes pages, and a basic REPL, while highlighting current single‑page limits and future extensions.
Node.js 18 introduces built‑in fetch and test modules, modernizes the standard library, adds a native test runner, upgrades the V8 engine, and outlines future roadmap items such as modern HTTP, improved type support, and enhanced ESM capabilities, all while offering quick installation via version managers.
This article explains a refined approach for implementing QPS and response‑time samplers in a Java performance‑testing framework, covering static and dynamic load models, the use of LongAdder, thread‑count utilities, and detailed code examples for reliable metric collection.
This article walks developers through the fundamentals of the OSI model, TCP three‑way handshake and UDP characteristics, explains socket concepts, demonstrates Node.js server and client implementations with heartbeats and custom protocols, and details how to build and use a socket connection pool with the generic‑pool library.
This article dissects the inner workings of OpenFeign within Spring Cloud, explaining how @EnableFeignClients triggers bean registration, how FeignClientsRegistrar and related configuration classes create BeanDefinitions, and how the FeignBuilder ultimately generates dynamic proxy instances for Feign clients.
The article examines Go's origin, rapid adoption in China since 2014, market hiring trends, popularity metrics like TIOBE rankings, and highlights the language's ease of use, strong tooling, corporate backing, and cloud‑native ecosystem as the main drivers of its success.
The author argues that for straightforward API or server‑side rendering tasks, using minimal or no web framework—illustrated with Deno Deploy examples—reduces overhead, mental load, and premature optimization, while still enabling scalable, maintainable services.
Node.js 18 introduces an updated V8 engine, experimental global Fetch and Web Streams APIs, a new test runner module, and platform‑specific binary upgrades, providing developers with modern JavaScript features and improved tooling for backend development.
The article explains why a Spring Cloud project upgraded from Java 8 to Java 11 gets stuck during Maven compilation, shows how to enable detailed compiler logs with Maven‑compiler‑plugin settings, presents the lengthy compilation output, and advises cautious use of Lombok’s @Builder.Default to avoid similar hangs.
The guide reviews the essential requirements for Go local caching and compares seven open‑source caches—freecache, bigcache, fastcache, offheap, groupcache, ristretto, and go‑cache—while detailing the sharded, lock‑reduced designs of freecache, bigcache, fastcache, and offheap, and explains how off‑heap allocation or pointer‑free maps achieve near zero‑GC performance.
In this interview, Shopee backend engineer Draven discusses how his early blogging evolved into authoring a comprehensive Go language design book, compares book‑writing to blog series, shares his research‑driven learning methods for new technologies, outlines his current focus on OS, networking and C++, and invites readers to suggest technical books for a World Book Day giveaway.
This article explains the background, concepts, and implementation details of Aspect‑Oriented Programming in Java, covering joinpoint interface design, advice abstraction, static and dynamic weaving, and how Spring AOP applies these principles with illustrative code and diagrams.
This article introduces Java 18’s JEP 408 Simple Web Server, explains its purpose and limitations, walks through creating an HTML page, demonstrates launching the server via command line with various options, and shows how to access and verify the served content.
This guide walks you through setting up a basic Java gRPC project by outlining required Maven dependencies, creating the .proto SDK, implementing a server with a custom service, building a client stub, and running a test to verify the end‑to‑end RPC call.
This article demonstrates how to build a simple hot‑search functionality with user search history, hot‑keyword ranking, and profanity filtering in a Spring Boot application using Java, Redis ZSet operations, and a DFA‑based sensitive‑word filter, providing complete controller and service code examples.
This article explains how to retrieve sales statistics for multiple business units and their associated products in MySQL by comparing rows, discusses alternative approaches such as loop queries, OR concatenation, and mixed filtering, and demonstrates why row‑by‑row comparison is the most suitable solution.
This article demonstrates how to use EasyPOI to export Excel files with dynamically generated column headers and data rows in Java, covering dependency configuration, header creation, data population, merging cells, utility methods, DTO definitions, and a complete test case.
This article demonstrates how to replace verbose if‑else statements in an order‑processing system with a clean Strategy Pattern implementation, using custom annotations, a handler context, and Spring Boot components, providing complete code examples and a concise summary of the approach.
The article presents a kindergarten management system featuring three user roles, outlines its Spring Boot and Thymeleaf technology stack, details required runtime and database environments, provides step‑by‑step deployment instructions, and includes complete backend controller source code for user, teacher, student, and school management functionalities.
Learn how to use Spring Retry’s @Retryable and @Recover annotations to implement elegant, non-intrusive retry mechanisms in Spring Boot, covering configuration, code examples, parameter meanings, backoff strategies, and important considerations for reliable error handling.
Microsoft released .NET 7 Preview 3, introducing major updates such as full native AOT compilation, improved startup times, Write‑Xor‑Execute support, enhanced code generation, new X.500 certificate handling, and default‑enabled GC optimizations across most platforms.
This tutorial explains how to design and structure Django templates using a base.html layout, block inheritance, and reusable includes to keep the UI organized, eliminate duplicated code, and make future maintenance of a Django web project much easier.
This article compares native JDK ScheduledExecutorService, Spring Task, Redis‑based approaches, and popular distributed scheduling frameworks such as Quartz, Elastic‑Job, LTS, and XXL‑Job, providing code examples, usage scenarios, advantages, and best‑practice recommendations for implementing reliable timed jobs in microservice environments.
This guide explains why excessive try‑catch blocks hurt Spring Boot projects, introduces a unified response class, custom business exception, error enumeration, and a global @RestControllerAdvice handler, providing clean, reusable error handling with sample code and test usage.
SAPI++ is an open‑source multi‑application, multi‑tenant SaaS framework built on ThinkPHP 6.x, offering out‑of‑the‑box installation, API authentication, menu integration, and support for various front‑end technologies; the article details its features, advantages, required environment, and directory layout for developers.
This article demonstrates how to transform a flat list into a hierarchical tree structure in Java by defining a NodeVO class, implementing a recursive Stream‑based conversion method, and testing it with sample data, showcasing the elegance of the Stream API over traditional loops.
This article explains the mathematical and computer‑science definition of idempotency, why it is essential for reliable distributed services, how to handle timeout scenarios, and presents eight concrete design patterns—including unique IDs, database constraints, token mechanisms, optimistic/pessimistic locks, and distributed locks—along with code examples and HTTP method analysis.
The article surveys common delayed‑message solutions in distributed MQ systems—including external storage, RocksDB, Redis, thread‑based scanning, and the designs of RocketMQ, Pulsar, and QMQ—detailing their architectures, advantages, and drawbacks for backend developers.
This article explains how Spring Boot's spring-retry module and the @Retryable annotation enable clean, annotation‑driven retry logic for common failure scenarios, covering configuration, code examples, recovery handling with @Recover, and important usage precautions.
This article introduces Hippo4J, a Java dynamic thread‑pool solution inspired by Meituan's design, detailing its web‑based parameter tuning, monitoring, alerting capabilities, two deployment modes (lightweight with config‑center and standalone server), and the operational advantages it brings to developers and operators.
This article presents sixteen practical Spring Boot best‑practice recommendations—including custom BOM management, auto‑configuration, project initialization with Spring Initializr, clean controller design, service layering, database isolation, constructor injection, logging, testing, and configuration externalization—to help developers build maintainable, high‑quality microservices efficiently.
This article explains the conditions that cause ThreadPoolExecutor’s RejectedExecutionHandler to fire, reviews the built‑in policies such as DiscardOldestPolicy, AbortPolicy, CallerRunsPolicy and DiscardPolicy, provides their source code, and offers practical advice on selecting and avoiding pitfalls when handling rejected tasks in Java concurrency.
This article explains the three stages where RabbitMQ messages can be lost and presents a comprehensive reliability strategy—including producer confirm mode, durable exchanges/queues, message persistence, database‑backed compensation, and manual consumer acknowledgments—to achieve virtually loss‑free message delivery.
The article advises using a private static final Object as a lock to protect critical sections in Java, explains why uncontrolled monitor objects such as this, class objects, or shared interned strings can cause deadlocks, and lists unsafe and safe monitor objects with examples.
This article explains how Spring implements broadcast and listener functionality through ApplicationEventPublisher and ApplicationListener, analyzes the underlying bean post‑processor workflow, and provides complete source‑code examples for custom events, publishers, listeners, and a REST client to demonstrate end‑to‑end event handling.
This article provides a theoretical overview of seven major Java performance optimization techniques—including code reuse, computation parallelism, asynchronous processing, lazy loading, result set reduction, resource conflict handling, and JVM tuning—offering readers a comprehensive framework to understand and improve application efficiency.
This article presents a theoretical overview of seven major Java performance‑optimization directions—including reuse, parallel execution, async conversion, result‑set trimming, resource‑conflict handling, algorithm tuning, and JVM tuning—explaining their principles, typical techniques, and practical considerations for developers.
This article explains how to implement single-node scheduled tasks using JDK's ScheduledExecutorService and Spring @Scheduled, compares Redis‑based approaches with ZSet and key‑space notifications, and reviews popular distributed scheduling frameworks such as Quartz, elastic‑job‑lite, LTS, and XXL‑Job for microservice environments.
This article introduces a fully functional, open‑source Baidu Wenku‑style document library built with Go/Beego, Bootstrap, and MySQL, detailing its architecture, SVG‑based document rendering, point system, watermarking, and how to obtain the source code.
When two JARs contain identically named classes and methods but differ in a method's return type, Java's class‑loading mechanism may load the wrong version, triggering a java.lang.NoSuchMethodError, which can be prevented by detecting duplicate classes with Maven Enforcer rules.
This article explains how to make a child thread inherit the values stored in a parent thread's ThreadLocal by using InheritableThreadLocal, demonstrates the behavior with a runnable Java example, and details the underlying ThreadLocalMap mechanism that enables the inheritance.
This article presents sixteen essential Spring Boot best practices—from managing dependencies with a custom BOM and leveraging auto‑configuration, to structuring packages, using constructor injection, handling concurrency, externalizing configuration, and comprehensive testing—helping developers build maintainable, high‑performance Java microservices.
This article explains how to use Spring Boot to add WebSocket support, covering the protocol basics, Maven dependencies, configuration classes, a test controller, a simple HTML client page, and troubleshooting tips, all illustrated with complete Java and JavaScript code examples.
This article explains how Airwallex uses Domain-Driven Design (DDD) to model a complex payment system, detailing strategic and tactical patterns, bounded contexts, domain events, and the translation of domain models into microservice architectures, while highlighting the benefits of clear communication and modular design.
This article presents sixteen practical Spring Boot best‑practice recommendations—from managing dependencies with custom BOMs and leveraging auto‑configuration to structuring packages, handling concurrency, externalizing configuration, and adopting testing strategies—aimed at building clean, maintainable microservices.
This article compares traditional object creation with Spring’s dependency injection, demonstrating how injecting DAO beans via XML configuration decouples service and data layers, includes Java code examples, test results, and visual analogies of gear systems to illustrate reduced coupling.
This tutorial explains how to build a highly available, horizontally scalable distributed scheduled‑task system using Quartz in a Spring Boot application, covering application scenarios, Maven dependencies, database initialization, configuration properties, job and scheduler code, and verification of failover behavior.
The Apache APISIX community announced the 2.13.0 LTS release, enhancing stability, adding observability plugins, a new OpenTelemetry tracing plugin, multi‑language (Wasm, Python, Go) support, and a comprehensive list of bug fixes and improvements.
This article shares sixteen practical Spring Boot best‑practice recommendations—ranging from custom BOM management and auto‑configuration to proper package layout, constructor injection, concurrency awareness, externalized configuration, logging, testing, and global exception handling—to help developers build clean, maintainable Java microservices.
This guide shows how to enable hot‑deployment in Spring Boot using DevTools, simplify JavaBean code with Lombok, and add the Spring Configuration Processor for better property‑binding support, including Maven dependencies, IDE settings, and example snippets.
This article explains how to configure Logback in a Spring Boot application to separate logs by level, implement asynchronous logging with AsyncAppender, and compare performance using JMeter, demonstrating a tenfold throughput increase while providing detailed XML configuration examples and underlying implementation details.
This article introduces Alibaba's EasyExcel library, explains its memory‑efficient design, lists its main advantages and common annotations, provides Maven dependencies, and demonstrates import and export code snippets for Java backend applications.
Spring Boot 3.0.0 M2, released on March 25, 2022, brings 50 bug fixes, documentation enhancements, and dependency updates, revisits the M1 changes such as Java 17 baseline and Jakarta EE migration, and adds features like restored EhCache 3 support, H2 Console, and improved @ConstructorBinding detection.
The March 19 Elixir Meetup brought together four seasoned Elixir practitioners and over 3,200 online attendees to discuss resilience with Elixir and Kubernetes, FaaS design using Arweave and LiveView, native compilation of Elixir, Zig‑based NIF development, and to share learning resources and community opportunities.
The article outlines how F5 announced a complete stop to its sales in Russia and withdrew support for the Nginx open‑source project, recounts Nginx’s Russian origins, its rapid market growth, acquisition by F5, and the broader irony of a Russian‑born server now barred from the country.
This article explains the concept of API idempotency, why duplicate requests can cause critical issues such as double payments, and presents a comprehensive set of client‑side and server‑side strategies—including token mechanisms, PRG pattern, unique indexes, optimistic locking, distributed locks, and more—to guarantee safe, repeatable operations.
This article explains how Java objects store behavior in the method area, introduces the java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation API for redefining classes at runtime, and demonstrates practical dynamic tracing techniques using BTrace and Arthas, complete with code examples and architectural insights.
This article explains Spring's bean lifecycle, the three‑level cache mechanism (singletonObjects, earlySingletonObjects, singletonFactories) used to break circular dependencies, the role of Aware interfaces and BeanPostProcessor, and why a second‑level cache is essential when AOP proxies are involved.
The author recounts submitting a Go PR to fix a benchmark timeout overflow bug, detailing the code review feedback, overflow detection issues, testing strategies, and proper commit‑message conventions, ultimately sharing insights from a largely unsuccessful contribution attempt.
This article explains how to make a Spring MVC endpoint simultaneously accept JSON, URL‑encoded form data, and multipart/form‑data by creating a custom @GamePHP annotation, implementing dedicated argument resolvers, and configuring the necessary beans to replace the default @RequestBody and @RequestParam handling.
This guide demonstrates how to build a distributed multi‑tenant database using Django with Postgres and Citus, covering installation, supported Django versions, model modifications via mixins or inheritance, middleware for tenant context, automatic composite foreign keys, and the library’s API with concrete code examples.
An in‑depth analysis shows that in Spring Boot 2.0.3 a @Configuration class defining a @Bean can override a @Component‑annotated bean of the same type, how the Spring container registers and replaces the bean definitions, and the evolution of bean‑overriding controls in later Spring and Spring Boot releases.
This article walks through upgrading a Spring Boot project to version 2.6.x, explains why circular bean dependencies and Swagger failures occur after the upgrade, and provides step‑by‑step configuration changes—including allowing circular references, using @Lazy, and adjusting MVC path‑matching—to resolve the problems.
This article introduces the open‑source Go generic utility library samber/lo, explains how to install Go 1.18 beta and the library, and demonstrates common operations such as type conversion, concurrent processing, containment checks, filtering, deduplication, grouping, chunking, and ternary-like expressions with concise code examples.
Google’s Go 1.18 release introduces native fuzz testing, generics support, module workspaces, and up to 20% performance gains on ARM64 and Apple M1, enhancing security and productivity for developers while reinforcing Go’s pivotal role in cloud‑native projects like Kubernetes and Docker.
This article explains two Spring Security configuration approaches, introduces a custom @IgnoreAuth annotation, and shows how to automatically whitelist annotated endpoints by scanning RequestMappingHandlerMapping, complete with code examples and workflow details.
This article walks through the fundamentals of Spring’s IoC container by manually implementing a lightweight version, covering concepts such as IOC, DI, bean definitions, resource loading, bean registration, and a simple BeanFactory with example code and a test demonstrating singleton caching.
The Luxury strategy‑center platform solves extensibility by defining a unified hook interface using the Adapter pattern, schema‑driven forms, and flat key‑value outputs, allowing operators to configure third‑party integrations via visual mappings without code changes, cutting integration time to half a day and fostering reusable assets.
This guide highlights the most influential Java books—from core language fundamentals and JVM internals to concurrency and effective coding practices—explaining why each title is vital for building a solid backend development skill set.
This article explores the inner workings of Java’s CountDownLatch from JDK 1.8, detailing its core concepts such as the counter, thread synchronization, shared mode, and AQS mechanisms, and demonstrates practical usage through step‑by‑step code analysis and examples.
This article details Ant Group’s Needle platform, a progressive Node‑based FaaS solution that tackles BFF development challenges through function‑level isolation, dynamic deployment, high‑availability design, and a roadmap for future performance and cost optimizations.
An extensive SpringBoot guide covering its definition, benefits, core configuration files and formats, main annotations, activation methods, container independence, run options, auto‑configuration mechanics, new 2.x features, pagination, security, ActiveMQ, YAML, Actuator, Swagger, exception handling, request mapping nuances, legacy compatibility, protection strategies, executable jar differences, and task scheduling.
This article explains how to use OpenResty and Lua to integrate Redis caching, compress responses, schedule periodic updates, and configure URL‑based cache rules directly within Nginx, improving concurrency and resilience of web services.
This article explains the internal architecture of Nacos, its core components, the registration principles of service instances, how Spring Cloud integrates Nacos through the ServiceRegistry interface and auto‑configuration, and the mechanisms for heartbeat, data consistency, and dynamic service discovery in a cloud‑native backend environment.
The article introduces MyBatis‑Pro, a Spring‑Boot starter that eliminates manual single‑table SQL by generating CRUD methods through naming conventions, explains quick integration, core features, configuration options, entity annotations, logical‑delete strategies, generic services, and provides extensive code examples for developers.
The article presents thirty practical architectural principles—ranging from simplicity, YAGNI, iterative development, automated testing, and ROI to server concurrency, distributed system design, user experience, and configuration management—aimed at guiding engineers and teams toward robust, scalable, and maintainable software solutions.
This article walks through EggJS’s core design principles, demonstrates building a simple GitHub aggregation API, shows how to evolve reusable code into plugins and custom frameworks, and explains progressive development practices for large‑scale enterprise applications, highlighting configuration, plugin management, and framework layering.
This article shares a junior engineer's detailed journey of securing a backend engineering offer at Tencent, covering three interview rounds, key technical topics like Spring, HashMap, Elasticsearch, Redis, and personal reflections on strengths, weaknesses, and preparation strategies.
This article examines Node.js hot‑update mechanisms, explains how modules like clear‑module and decache can cause memory, resource, and versioning leaks, demonstrates real‑world examples with code, and offers guidance on when hot‑reloading is safe and how to mitigate its pitfalls.
This article explains why Spring Cloud Gateway may emit duplicate Access-Control-Allow-Origin and Vary headers during CORS handling, analyzes the internal processing flow, and provides two practical solutions—using DedupeResponseHeader configuration or a custom GlobalFilter—to eliminate the duplication.
This article explains how to replace inefficient traditional delay mechanisms with RabbitMQ's delayed‑queue plugin, showing step‑by‑step configuration, producer and consumer code in Spring Boot, and demonstrates successful delayed message delivery using real‑world examples such as auto‑confirm orders and ticket reservations.
This article explains why traditional delayed‑message solutions like Redis expiration, database polling, or JVM DelayQueue are inefficient, and demonstrates how to use RabbitMQ's delayed‑queue plugin with Spring Boot to configure exchanges, send delayed messages, and consume them reliably.
This article explains why Spring Boot creates only one UserManager bean when both @Configuration + @Bean and @Component definitions exist, how the bean definition overriding mechanism works across different Spring versions, and how to control it with the allowBeanDefinitionOverriding setting.
This article shares a comprehensive Java concurrency interview guide covering thread states, communication methods, and key concepts, and explains how to obtain the full PDF resource via a WeChat public account.
This article explains the fundamentals of message queues, their typical use cases such as decoupling, asynchronous processing, and traffic shaping, compares popular MQ products, and outlines best practices for high availability, loss prevention, idempotency, ordering, backlog handling, and expiration management.
This article explains how using the uppercase YYYY pattern in Java's SimpleDateFormat can incorrectly shift dates to the next year for week‑based years, demonstrates the issue with sample code, and provides guidance to avoid this subtle bug in date handling.
This guide introduces RedisMod’s enhanced modules, shows how to install Redis with Docker, demonstrates native JSON storage using RedisJSON, walks through building and querying a full‑text search index with RediSearch—including Chinese support—and compares its performance against Elasticsearch.
This article walks through Redis’s annotated source code to explain how its single‑threaded architecture initializes the server, loads configuration and data, and continuously processes file and time events within a while‑loop, revealing why Redis achieves high performance without spawning additional worker threads.
This article examines Redis's single‑threaded architecture by walking through its source code, detailing the main function initialization steps, the event‑loop implementation, and how file and time events are processed, while also noting the promotional messages interspersed throughout.
This article explains how Spring's bean lifecycle and its three-level caching mechanism—singletonObjects, earlySingletonObjects, and singletonFactories—work together to resolve circular dependencies, especially when AOP proxies are involved, highlighting why a three‑cache approach is necessary.
This comprehensive guide explains what Nginx is, its key advantages, typical use cases, request processing flow, high‑concurrency model, proxy types, directory layout, configuration directives, load‑balancing strategies, rate‑limiting, compression, health checks, and differences from Apache, providing practical examples and code snippets for backend developers.
This article examines various delayed‑message implementations in distributed message‑queue systems, comparing external‑storage approaches using databases, RocksDB and Redis, and reviewing built‑in solutions in open‑source MQs such as RocketMQ, Pulsar and QMQ, while discussing their advantages, drawbacks and design considerations.
This article explains how ZuanZuan's operations team applies Go's error handling mechanisms—including error values, panic/recover, sentinel errors, and custom error types—along with practical guidelines and code examples to improve reliability and maintainability of production services.
This article presents 16 practical Redis use cases—including caching, distributed sessions, locks, global IDs, counters, rate limiting, bitmaps, shopping carts, timelines, message queues, lotteries, likes, product tags, filtering, follow relationships, and ranking—detailing data types, commands, and implementation tips for building scalable backend services.
This article details the design and implementation of an online customer service instant messaging system, covering requirements analysis, client‑server network model, HTTP and WebSocket protocols, distributed architecture choices such as routing rules, Redis shared memory, server‑master sync, and message‑queue broadcasting, and explains why Netty was selected as the development framework.
This article explains three Redis‑based rate‑limiting techniques—setnx with expiration, a sliding‑window implementation using sorted sets, and a token‑bucket algorithm with lists—complete with Java code examples and discussion of their advantages and limitations for high‑concurrency backend services.
This article provides an in‑depth Java Stream API tutorial, covering stream creation, intermediate operations like filter, map, flatMap, and terminal operations such as forEach, reduce, collect, with numerous real‑world employee‑data examples and complete code samples.
The article compares popular Java microservice frameworks, highlighting Spring Boot's ease of use but high memory consumption, Vert.x's lightweight performance, and the characteristics of SparkJava, Micronaut, Javalin, and Quarkus, while also noting required infrastructure components for Spring Cloud.
This tutorial explains the advantages of WebSocket over HTTP and provides a step‑by‑step guide, including Maven dependency, Spring Boot configuration, a ServerEndpoint class, a simple HTML/JavaScript front‑end, and a controller method, to build a real‑time chat system with online/offline notifications and private or broadcast messaging.
