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Backend Development

4151 articles · Page 32 of 42
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Feb 25, 2021 · Backend Development

Master Spring Boot Unit Testing with MockMvc: A Complete Guide

This article explains the fundamentals of unit testing in Spring Boot, covering the purpose of unit tests, how to add the spring-boot-starter-test dependency, the role of MockMvc for controller testing, step‑by‑step creation of Service and Controller test classes, key annotations, assertion techniques, and a brief comparison with Postman.

Backend DevelopmentJUnitJava
0 likes · 13 min read
Master Spring Boot Unit Testing with MockMvc: A Complete Guide
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Feb 24, 2021 · Backend Development

Why Field Injection in Spring Is Discouraged and What to Use Instead

The article explains Spring's warning about field injection, compares constructor, setter, and field injection methods with code examples, outlines the drawbacks of field injection such as final‑field incompatibility, hidden dependencies, and tight IOC coupling, and recommends using constructor injection for required beans and setter injection for optional ones.

Backend DevelopmentConstructor InjectionField Injection
0 likes · 6 min read
Why Field Injection in Spring Is Discouraged and What to Use Instead
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Feb 23, 2021 · Backend Development

How to Quickly Remove Unresponsive Services from Eureka Registry

This article explains why stopped services may still be called through Eureka, shows how to adjust eviction and lease settings in the registry and client, and presents three active methods—including direct shutdown, DELETE requests, and client‑initiated deregistration—with code examples for Spring Boot applications.

Backend DevelopmentConfigurationEureka
0 likes · 6 min read
How to Quickly Remove Unresponsive Services from Eureka Registry
Top Architect
Top Architect
Feb 23, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding Java 8 Stream API: Architecture, Parallelism, and Best Practices

This article explains the design and implementation of Java 8 Stream API, covering its composition, pipelining, internal iteration, parallel execution via ForkJoinPool, performance considerations, ordering semantics, and practical guidelines for using parallel streams effectively.

Backend DevelopmentConcurrencyForkJoinPool
0 likes · 21 min read
Understanding Java 8 Stream API: Architecture, Parallelism, and Best Practices
Aikesheng Open Source Community
Aikesheng Open Source Community
Feb 23, 2021 · Backend Development

DBLE Network Module: Overview and Summary

This article summarizes the DBLE network module, describing its key classes such as NIOAcceptor, NIOReactor, and SocketWR, explaining how client connections are accepted and processed, and highlighting the importance of low‑level network I/O knowledge for middleware development.

Backend DevelopmentDBLEJava NIO
0 likes · 4 min read
DBLE Network Module: Overview and Summary
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Feb 23, 2021 · Backend Development

Master Spring Security OAuth2: How OAuth2AuthorizationCodeAuthenticationProvider Retrieves Tokens

This article explains the role of OAuth2AuthorizationCodeAuthenticationProvider in Spring Security, details how OAuth2AccessTokenResponseClient obtains access tokens, shows how to customize the token endpoint, and walks through the complete token‑retrieval flow with code examples and step‑by‑step analysis.

AuthenticationAuthorization Code GrantBackend Development
0 likes · 6 min read
Master Spring Security OAuth2: How OAuth2AuthorizationCodeAuthenticationProvider Retrieves Tokens
NiuNiu MaTe
NiuNiu MaTe
Feb 21, 2021 · Databases

Mastering Database Sharding: When and How to Split Tables Effectively

This article explains why large tables hurt performance, defines database sharding and its vertical and horizontal strategies, compares partitioning by key, size, or time, and outlines practical implementation options and migration steps for robust, scalable backend systems.

Backend DevelopmentTable Partitioningdatabase sharding
0 likes · 12 min read
Mastering Database Sharding: When and How to Split Tables Effectively
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Feb 21, 2021 · Backend Development

What’s New in OpenAPI 3.1.0? Key Features and Improvements Explained

The OpenAPI Specification 3.1.0 has been released, introducing a top‑level jsonSchemaDialect field, updated JSON Schema support, refined URI handling, enhanced file‑upload descriptions, and numerous clarifications that modernize API description and improve consistency across implementations.

3.1.0API SpecificationBackend Development
0 likes · 4 min read
What’s New in OpenAPI 3.1.0? Key Features and Improvements Explained
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Feb 20, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding Spring Boot Auto‑Configuration and Common Annotations

This article explains how Spring Boot’s auto‑configuration works, introduces the most frequently used annotations such as @Value, @ConfigurationProperties, @Import and @Conditional, and provides practical code examples to illustrate the underlying mechanisms and startup process of a Spring Boot application.

Backend DevelopmentJavaSpring Boot
0 likes · 22 min read
Understanding Spring Boot Auto‑Configuration and Common Annotations
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Feb 20, 2021 · Backend Development

What’s New in Spring Boot 2.4.3? 29 Bug Fixes, Docs Updates, and 31 Dependency Upgrades

Spring Boot 2.4.3, released on the first workday of the new year, brings 29 bug fixes, 15 documentation improvements, and 31 dependency upgrades—including critical fixes for DataSourceBuilder, Amazon Redshift driver detection, JPA lazy repositories, and Spring Data Solr—while the full changelog is available on GitHub.

Backend DevelopmentJavaSpring Boot
0 likes · 11 min read
What’s New in Spring Boot 2.4.3? 29 Bug Fixes, Docs Updates, and 31 Dependency Upgrades
Java Architecture Diary
Java Architecture Diary
Feb 19, 2021 · Backend Development

What’s New in Spring Boot 2.4.3? 75 Bug Fixes and Key Improvements

Spring Boot 2.4.3, the third patch of the 2.4 line, introduces 75 bug fixes, enhancements, documentation updates, and dependency upgrades, including UTF‑8 logging defaults, Neo4j/MongoDB startup fixes, Redshift driver recognition, and numerous improvements to testing, security, and monitoring components.

Backend DevelopmentBug FixesJava
0 likes · 4 min read
What’s New in Spring Boot 2.4.3? 75 Bug Fixes and Key Improvements
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Feb 17, 2021 · Backend Development

How Long Polling Powers Real‑Time Config Updates in Nacos & Apollo

This article explains the principles of long polling used by configuration centers like Nacos and Apollo, compares it with traditional polling and push models, and provides a complete Java demo showing client and server implementations for dynamic configuration updates.

ApolloBackend DevelopmentConfiguration Center
0 likes · 17 min read
How Long Polling Powers Real‑Time Config Updates in Nacos & Apollo
21CTO
21CTO
Feb 17, 2021 · Backend Development

Mastering API Design for Microservices: Principles, Pitfalls, and Best Practices

Effective API design is crucial for microservice architectures, reducing communication overhead, preventing API decay, and ensuring scalability; this article outlines common pitfalls, core design principles such as simplicity, focus, extensibility, compatibility, thorough testing, and documentation to help developers build robust, maintainable services.

API designBackend DevelopmentMicroservices
0 likes · 11 min read
Mastering API Design for Microservices: Principles, Pitfalls, and Best Practices
21CTO
21CTO
Feb 16, 2021 · Backend Development

Mastering Distributed ID Generation: Concepts, Algorithms, and Open‑Source Solutions

This article explains the fundamentals of distributed ID concepts, compares common generation schemes such as UUID, database auto‑increment, Redis counters, and the Snowflake algorithm, details the Snowflake structure and Java implementation, and reviews open‑source components like Meituan Leaf and Baidu UidGenerator.

Backend DevelopmentSnowflake algorithmdistributed ID
0 likes · 9 min read
Mastering Distributed ID Generation: Concepts, Algorithms, and Open‑Source Solutions
Architect
Architect
Feb 12, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding Nginx Architecture: Daemon Processes, Workers, Connections, and Core Data Structures

This article explains Nginx's high‑performance architecture, covering its daemon mode with master and worker processes, the thundering‑herd problem, advantages of process‑based concurrency, asynchronous non‑blocking I/O, connection handling, keep‑alive and pipeline techniques, as well as key internal data structures such as arrays, queues, lists, strings, memory pools, hash tables, and red‑black trees.

Backend DevelopmentConnection PoolingData Structures
0 likes · 18 min read
Understanding Nginx Architecture: Daemon Processes, Workers, Connections, and Core Data Structures
ITPUB
ITPUB
Feb 10, 2021 · Backend Development

From Java Developer to Architect: Lessons on High‑Concurrency Systems and Component‑Based Design

The author shares a personal journey from senior Java developer to aspiring architect, reflecting on interview mishaps, the pitfalls of over‑focusing on code, the importance of leveraging existing components, integrating them effectively, and applying design patterns for reusable, maintainable high‑concurrency systems.

Backend DevelopmentDesign PatternsJava
0 likes · 10 min read
From Java Developer to Architect: Lessons on High‑Concurrency Systems and Component‑Based Design
Alibaba Cloud Native
Alibaba Cloud Native
Feb 9, 2021 · Backend Development

Integrating Seata‑Golang AT and TCC Modes into Go Microservices

This guide explains how to embed Seata‑Golang’s AT and TCC distributed‑transaction modes into Go microservices, covering global transaction proxy creation, XID propagation via HTTP, Dubbo and gRPC, branch transaction handling, and the required code interfaces and implementations.

AT ModeBackend DevelopmentSeata
0 likes · 10 min read
Integrating Seata‑Golang AT and TCC Modes into Go Microservices
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Feb 6, 2021 · Backend Development

Why Standard malloc Slows You Down and How Custom Memory Pools Supercharge Performance

Although malloc is a universal allocator, its lack of scenario-specific optimization makes it unsuitable for high‑performance server applications; this article explains malloc’s internal workflow, compares it with custom memory‑pool techniques, and details various pool designs, thread‑safety strategies, and an interesting cross‑thread free problem.

Backend DevelopmentC++Memory Management
0 likes · 14 min read
Why Standard malloc Slows You Down and How Custom Memory Pools Supercharge Performance
FunTester
FunTester
Feb 6, 2021 · Fundamentals

Mastering Java ThreadLocal: Achieve Thread‑Safe Objects Without synchronized

This article explains how Java's ThreadLocal class provides a thread‑local storage mechanism that creates independent object instances for each thread, improving scalability and performance compared to synchronized blocks, and demonstrates its usage with practical code examples and best‑practice guidelines.

Backend DevelopmentConcurrencyJava
0 likes · 8 min read
Mastering Java ThreadLocal: Achieve Thread‑Safe Objects Without synchronized
Didi Tech
Didi Tech
Feb 4, 2021 · Backend Development

Inside DiDi’s NodeX: Building a Scalable Node.js Ecosystem for Enterprise

DiDi’s NodeX initiative unites multiple front‑end teams to create a group‑level, professional, efficient, and stable Node.js development ecosystem that provides reusable components, a unified framework, common services, performance‑analysis tools, and documentation platforms, dramatically lowering service‑building barriers and boosting business productivity.

Backend DevelopmentComponent ArchitectureDevOps
0 likes · 12 min read
Inside DiDi’s NodeX: Building a Scalable Node.js Ecosystem for Enterprise
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
Feb 4, 2021 · Backend Development

From Monolith to Microservices: Tracing the Architecture Evolution

The article traces the evolution of software architecture—from monolithic applications through vertical splitting, distributed services, and finally microservices—detailing their advantages, drawbacks, and the essential technology stack such as service discovery, API gateways, authentication, logging, containerization, orchestration, and CI/CD, while providing practical examples and references.

Backend DevelopmentMicroservicesSoftware Architecture
0 likes · 19 min read
From Monolith to Microservices: Tracing the Architecture Evolution
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Feb 3, 2021 · Backend Development

Why Using isXXX for Boolean Fields Is a Bad Idea in Java

This article explains the Java naming conventions for boolean and Boolean fields, why using the isXXX prefix can cause serialization issues in RPC frameworks, and recommends using wrapper types for POJO properties while keeping primitives for local variables.

Alibaba Java ManualBackend DevelopmentJava
0 likes · 6 min read
Why Using isXXX for Boolean Fields Is a Bad Idea in Java
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Feb 1, 2021 · Backend Development

How to Install and Configure JRebel for Java Web Development in IntelliJ IDEA and Tomcat

This guide explains what JRebel is, why it speeds up Java web development, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for installing it via Tomcat startup parameters or the IntelliJ IDEA plugin, including configuration of deployment settings and VM options for Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Backend DevelopmentHot DeploymentIntelliJ IDEA
0 likes · 5 min read
How to Install and Configure JRebel for Java Web Development in IntelliJ IDEA and Tomcat
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Feb 1, 2021 · Backend Development

Unlock Spring’s Power: 9 Essential Design Patterns Every Backend Engineer Should Master

This article explores nine key Spring framework design patterns—including Simple Factory, Factory Method, Singleton, Adapter, Decorator, Proxy, Observer, Strategy, and Template Method—detailing their implementation, underlying principles, and practical code examples, while highlighting how they enable loose coupling and extensibility in backend development.

Backend DevelopmentDesign PatternsJava
0 likes · 15 min read
Unlock Spring’s Power: 9 Essential Design Patterns Every Backend Engineer Should Master
Java Architect Essentials
Java Architect Essentials
Jan 29, 2021 · Backend Development

Upcoming Features and Release Schedule of JDK 16

The article outlines JDK 16’s upcoming release timeline, highlights its new features such as sealed classes, strong encapsulation, foreign linker API, vector API, Unix‑domain sockets, and jpackage, and notes that Java 17 will follow as the next LTS version, inviting readers to share their expectations.

Backend DevelopmentJDK 16Java
0 likes · 7 min read
Upcoming Features and Release Schedule of JDK 16
iQIYI Technical Product Team
iQIYI Technical Product Team
Jan 29, 2021 · Backend Development

GraphQL‑Based BFF Architecture and Low‑Code API Generation Platform at iQIYI

iQIYI created a GraphQL‑based Backend‑for‑Frontend layer that functions as a low‑code API generation platform—leveraging graphql‑java, REST integration, Prometheus monitoring, Velocity‑driven schema templates, and a visual console—to streamline micro‑service aggregation, cut duplicate development, accelerate front‑end delivery, and outline future scaling and migration challenges.

API generationBFFBackend Development
0 likes · 12 min read
GraphQL‑Based BFF Architecture and Low‑Code API Generation Platform at iQIYI
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jan 28, 2021 · Backend Development

Comprehensive Spring Boot Project Template and Best Practices for Backend Development

This article presents a comprehensive Spring Boot project template for backend development, detailing README guidelines, one‑click local build scripts, business‑oriented package structure, automated test classifications, logging, exception handling, distributed locks, code style, static analysis, health checks, API documentation, database migration, multi‑environment setup, CORS configuration, and recommended third‑party libraries.

Backend DevelopmentDockerProject Template
0 likes · 24 min read
Comprehensive Spring Boot Project Template and Best Practices for Backend Development
Sohu Tech Products
Sohu Tech Products
Jan 28, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding Netty’s Thread Model: Master‑Worker Multi‑Reactor Architecture

This article explains Netty’s core architecture and its master‑worker multi‑reactor thread model, detailing the roles of Acceptor, Main Reactor, and Sub Reactor, how connection handling, I/O, encoding/decoding, and business logic are coordinated across threads, and provides practical insights for interview preparation.

Backend DevelopmentJava NIOReactor pattern
0 likes · 11 min read
Understanding Netty’s Thread Model: Master‑Worker Multi‑Reactor Architecture
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jan 26, 2021 · Information Security

API Request Signature Implementation and Best Practices

This article explains how to protect front‑back separated APIs using a request signature scheme, detailing the required parameters, signature generation algorithm, Java filter implementation, anti‑leech timing checks, nonce usage, and duplicate‑submission prevention with Redis.

API securityBackend DevelopmentJava
0 likes · 6 min read
API Request Signature Implementation and Best Practices
Java Architecture Diary
Java Architecture Diary
Jan 22, 2021 · Backend Development

Mastering RSocket with Spring Boot: Build Request‑Response, Fire‑Forget, Stream & Channel

This tutorial introduces RSocket—a reactive, binary, multiplexed protocol—and demonstrates how to install the RSC client, create a Spring Boot RSocket server, and implement all four interaction models (request‑response, fire‑forget, stream, and channel) with complete code examples.

Backend DevelopmentJavaReactive Streams
0 likes · 7 min read
Mastering RSocket with Spring Boot: Build Request‑Response, Fire‑Forget, Stream & Channel
Byte Quality Assurance Team
Byte Quality Assurance Team
Jan 21, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding Service Mesh and ByteDance's MS Service Governance Platform

This article introduces microservice architecture, outlines its challenges, explains the concept and evolution of Service Mesh—including sidecar patterns, Linkerd, and Istio—and details ByteDance's internal MS platform features such as call‑chain tracing, keyword search, monitoring, and inbound traffic control.

Backend DevelopmentIstioService Governance
0 likes · 11 min read
Understanding Service Mesh and ByteDance's MS Service Governance Platform
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jan 20, 2021 · Backend Development

Eliminate Spring Boot Configuration Warnings with Auto‑Generated Metadata

This guide shows how to use Spring Boot’s configuration metadata processor to automatically generate metadata for custom properties, eliminating IDE warnings and enabling intelligent code completion in your backend applications while keeping your project clean and maintainable.

Backend DevelopmentConfiguration MetadataIDE integration
0 likes · 4 min read
Eliminate Spring Boot Configuration Warnings with Auto‑Generated Metadata
Alibaba Terminal Technology
Alibaba Terminal Technology
Jan 19, 2021 · Backend Development

What’s Next for Node.js? Inside the Roadmap, Releases, and New Features

Node.js Technical Committee chair Michael Dawson explains the community‑driven development model, details the four‑type release schedule, highlights upcoming features such as ECMAScript Modules, AsyncLocalStorage and AbortController, and outlines strategic initiatives and working groups shaping the runtime’s future.

AsyncLocalStorageBackend DevelopmentDiagnostic Reports
0 likes · 25 min read
What’s Next for Node.js? Inside the Roadmap, Releases, and New Features
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jan 19, 2021 · Backend Development

How to Implement Real-Time WebSocket Messaging in Spring Boot

This article explains how to integrate WebSocket into a Spring Boot application, covering the protocol basics, Maven dependencies, configuration classes, server endpoint implementation, controller and front‑end code, and troubleshooting tips for full‑duplex real‑time communication.

Backend DevelopmentJavaReal-time messaging
0 likes · 12 min read
How to Implement Real-Time WebSocket Messaging in Spring Boot
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jan 18, 2021 · Backend Development

Migrating Services to ARM‑Based Kunpeng Cloud Servers: Architecture Evolution, Benefits, and Practical Steps

This article explains the shift from x86 to ARM architectures, outlines why services should be migrated to ARM‑based Kunpeng cloud servers, describes Huawei's migration tools and community support, and provides concrete C/C++ migration examples and common pitfalls for backend developers.

ARMBackend DevelopmentC++
0 likes · 11 min read
Migrating Services to ARM‑Based Kunpeng Cloud Servers: Architecture Evolution, Benefits, and Practical Steps
58 Tech
58 Tech
Jan 18, 2021 · Backend Development

Design of a Marketing Automation System: Requirements, Architecture, and Engine Implementation

This article explains the need for marketing automation, analyzes requirements, proposes system capabilities, presents a four‑layer architecture inspired by IDE/JVM concepts, and details the FSM‑based engine model with trigger, action, and execution strategies for complex multi‑step marketing scenarios.

Backend DevelopmentFinite State MachineMarketing Automation
0 likes · 10 min read
Design of a Marketing Automation System: Requirements, Architecture, and Engine Implementation
Java Architect Essentials
Java Architect Essentials
Jan 17, 2021 · Backend Development

Java Parking System Implementation Example

This article presents a complete Java-based parking system example, detailing functional requirements for users and administrators, and providing full source code for client interaction, entity definitions, service interfaces, and their implementations, illustrating backend development concepts such as singleton patterns, service layers, and basic CRUD operations.

Backend DevelopmentCode ExampleJava
0 likes · 17 min read
Java Parking System Implementation Example
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Jan 17, 2021 · Backend Development

Lombok Getter/Setter Pitfalls with MyBatis and @Accessor(chain=true) Issues in EasyExcel

This article explains why Lombok-generated getter/setter methods for fields whose second character is uppercase can cause MyBatis to store null values, shows the MyBatis PropertyNamer logic that leads to the problem, and also describes how the @Accessor(chain=true) annotation interferes with EasyExcel's reflection‑based export, offering practical workarounds for both issues.

Backend DevelopmentEasyExcelGetterSetter
0 likes · 9 min read
Lombok Getter/Setter Pitfalls with MyBatis and @Accessor(chain=true) Issues in EasyExcel
Laravel Tech Community
Laravel Tech Community
Jan 16, 2021 · Backend Development

PHP cosh() Function – Hyperbolic Cosine

The article explains PHP’s built‑in cosh() function, describing its purpose of returning the hyperbolic cosine of a given float argument, detailing the parameter and return value, and providing several example calls with expected numeric outputs.

Backend Developmentcoshhyperbolic cosine
0 likes · 2 min read
PHP cosh() Function – Hyperbolic Cosine
NetEase Media Technology Team
NetEase Media Technology Team
Jan 15, 2021 · Backend Development

Go Language Practice and Ngo Framework Development at NetEase Media

Facing high memory usage and slow startup after containerizing its Java services, NetEase Media adopted Go in 2020, leveraging its fast compilation, low‑resource footprint and goroutine‑based concurrency to build the high‑performance Ngo framework, which outperforms Spring‑Boot in throughput while using far less memory.

Backend DevelopmentGo languageJava to Go migration
0 likes · 32 min read
Go Language Practice and Ngo Framework Development at NetEase Media
iQIYI Technical Product Team
iQIYI Technical Product Team
Jan 15, 2021 · Operations

IQ运营位: A Unified Operational Configuration Platform for iQiyi Overseas App

IQ运营位 is a unified operational configuration platform for iQiyi’s overseas app that replaces costly, slow, inflexible marketing resource management with JSON‑modeled, versioned data stored across Redis caches, SDK‑driven client caching, and layered services, cutting deployment time to under five minutes while improving stability and scalability.

Backend DevelopmentCloud ComputingIQ运营位
0 likes · 13 min read
IQ运营位: A Unified Operational Configuration Platform for iQiyi Overseas App
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jan 15, 2021 · Backend Development

How to Detect and Resolve Netty Jar Version Conflicts with Arthas

This guide explains why multiple Netty jar versions cause runtime errors, shows how to use the Arthas tool to inspect loaded classes and methods, and provides Maven commands and pom.xml techniques to locate and eliminate version conflicts in Java backend projects.

ArthasBackend DevelopmentDependency Management
0 likes · 8 min read
How to Detect and Resolve Netty Jar Version Conflicts with Arthas
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jan 14, 2021 · Backend Development

Why Spring Data JPA Can Slow Down Team Maintenance and When to Choose MyBatis

The article compares Spring Data JPA and MyBatis, highlighting that while Spring Data JPA speeds up individual development, it can create maintenance challenges for teams, especially when tracking slow queries, and argues that MyBatis may be a better choice for collaborative projects.

Backend DevelopmentJava PersistenceMyBatis
0 likes · 3 min read
Why Spring Data JPA Can Slow Down Team Maintenance and When to Choose MyBatis
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Jan 13, 2021 · Backend Development

Mastering Technical Communication: From RPC Basics to Feynman Learning

This article explores common pitfalls in technical communication, offers practical questioning techniques, and demonstrates how to simplify complex concepts such as RPC and service registries using the Feynman method, enabling engineers to convey ideas clearly and improve collaboration efficiency.

Backend DevelopmentFeynman TechniqueRPC
0 likes · 11 min read
Mastering Technical Communication: From RPC Basics to Feynman Learning
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jan 13, 2021 · Backend Development

Mastering Nginx: From Reverse Proxy to High‑Availability Load Balancing

This guide explains Nginx’s core concepts—including reverse and forward proxy, load‑balancing strategies, static‑dynamic separation, essential commands, configuration file structure, practical reverse‑proxy setups, load‑balancing implementations, and high‑availability clustering with keepalived—providing a complete roadmap for building robust backend services.

Backend DevelopmentReverse ProxyServer configuration
0 likes · 10 min read
Mastering Nginx: From Reverse Proxy to High‑Availability Load Balancing
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Jan 12, 2021 · Backend Development

Various Methods for Measuring Code Execution Time in Java

This article introduces four approaches—simple time‑difference calculation, StopWatch‑like utilities, functional interfaces, and AutoCloseable—to accurately measure arbitrary code segment durations in Java, providing code examples and discussing their advantages and trade‑offs.

Backend DevelopmentCode ProfilingJava
0 likes · 9 min read
Various Methods for Measuring Code Execution Time in Java
Java Architect Essentials
Java Architect Essentials
Jan 12, 2021 · Backend Development

Extending MyBatis-Plus for Batch Insert Operations in Java Backend

This article introduces MyBatis-Plus, explains its non‑intrusive features, demonstrates how to add Maven dependencies, examines the built‑in batch insert API, and provides step‑by‑step code to extend BaseMapper with a custom EasyBaseMapper for efficient MySQL batch inserts.

Backend DevelopmentJavaMyBatis-Plus
0 likes · 6 min read
Extending MyBatis-Plus for Batch Insert Operations in Java Backend
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Jan 11, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding RPC and the Dubbo Framework: Concepts, Demo Code, Architecture and SPI Mechanism

This article explains the fundamentals of Remote Procedure Call (RPC), provides a complete Java RPC demo, introduces the Dubbo distributed RPC framework with its layered architecture, SPI extension mechanism, service exposure and reference processes, and discusses clustering, fault‑tolerance and load‑balancing strategies for building robust backend services.

Backend DevelopmentJavaRPC
0 likes · 23 min read
Understanding RPC and the Dubbo Framework: Concepts, Demo Code, Architecture and SPI Mechanism
Laravel Tech Community
Laravel Tech Community
Jan 10, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding PHP’s atan() Function: Usage, Parameters, and Examples

This article explains PHP’s atan() function, detailing its signature, parameter description, return value in radians, and provides multiple code examples demonstrating how different inputs produce corresponding inverse tangent results, including positive, negative, and large magnitude numbers, along with the exact numeric outputs.

Backend DevelopmentPHPatan
0 likes · 2 min read
Understanding PHP’s atan() Function: Usage, Parameters, and Examples
21CTO
21CTO
Jan 10, 2021 · Backend Development

How Object Modeling Drives Full API Lifecycle Management

This article explains how a lightweight API gateway works together with an object‑model‑driven API development platform to manage the entire API lifecycle—including design, development, monitoring, governance, testing, documentation, rule processing, service composition, and source‑code export—while keeping protocol conversion and data mapping out of the gateway.

API lifecycleAPI-gatewayBackend Development
0 likes · 15 min read
How Object Modeling Drives Full API Lifecycle Management
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jan 10, 2021 · Backend Development

Comparing API Architectural Styles: RPC, SOAP, REST, and GraphQL

This article examines four major API architectural styles—RPC, SOAP, REST, and GraphQL—detailing their mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages, and typical use cases, and provides guidance on selecting the most suitable style based on project requirements and constraints.

APIBackend DevelopmentGraphQL
0 likes · 16 min read
Comparing API Architectural Styles: RPC, SOAP, REST, and GraphQL
Amap Tech
Amap Tech
Jan 8, 2021 · Backend Development

Applying Test‑Driven Development and GTest for Unit Testing in Gaode’s Navigation Service

Gaode’s navigation service adopted test‑driven development using Google’s GTest to replace slow diff‑based checks with fast, lightweight unit tests, enabling incremental refactoring of legacy code, improving quality, handling data‑dependency challenges, and demonstrating that writing tests first clarifies requirements while adding minimal overhead.

Backend DevelopmentC++TDD
0 likes · 9 min read
Applying Test‑Driven Development and GTest for Unit Testing in Gaode’s Navigation Service
iQIYI Technical Product Team
iQIYI Technical Product Team
Jan 8, 2021 · Backend Development

Domain-Driven Design (DDD) Practice in a Reward Service: Architecture, Strategic and Tactical Design

Applying Domain‑Driven Design and Hexagonal architecture to a reward service clarified domain boundaries, cut integration, middleware and onboarding costs by up to 30 %, streamlined unit‑test creation, and enabled a layered, framework‑independent codebase with entities, value objects, services, events, aggregates and factories that improve maintainability, scalability and testability.

Backend DevelopmentDDDDomain-Driven Design
0 likes · 15 min read
Domain-Driven Design (DDD) Practice in a Reward Service: Architecture, Strategic and Tactical Design
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
Jan 8, 2021 · Databases

Database Standards and Guidelines for Backend Development

This article presents a comprehensive set of mandatory and recommended conventions for MySQL table creation, SQL writing, and index design, aiming to improve backend development efficiency, reduce erroneous DDL and queries, and enhance overall database performance.

Backend DevelopmentIndexingMySQL
0 likes · 11 min read
Database Standards and Guidelines for Backend Development
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jan 7, 2021 · Backend Development

How to Implement File Upload in Spring Boot: Step-by-Step Guide

This tutorial explains how to add file‑upload functionality to a Spring Boot application, covering project setup, template engine configuration, HTML upload page creation, controller implementation, property settings, testing steps, and where to find the full source code.

Backend DevelopmentJavaSpring Boot
0 likes · 6 min read
How to Implement File Upload in Spring Boot: Step-by-Step Guide
Senior Brother's Insights
Senior Brother's Insights
Jan 6, 2021 · Backend Development

Master Java Microbenchmarking with JMH: A Hands‑On Guide

This article introduces JMH, the Java Microbenchmark Harness, explains why traditional main‑method benchmarks are unreliable, and provides step‑by‑step instructions, code examples, and best‑practice annotations for accurately measuring method‑level performance in Java applications.

Backend DevelopmentJITJMH
0 likes · 20 min read
Master Java Microbenchmarking with JMH: A Hands‑On Guide
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jan 6, 2021 · Backend Development

Master MyBatis Plugins: Configuration, Development, and Execution Explained

This article explains how MyBatis supports plugins, covering configuration, how to write an Interceptor, the runtime mechanism, registration timing, initialization process, and the principles behind pagination plugins, with detailed code examples and annotations.

Backend DevelopmentInterceptorJava
0 likes · 12 min read
Master MyBatis Plugins: Configuration, Development, and Execution Explained
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
Jan 6, 2021 · Backend Development

Comprehensive Guide to Using Postman for API Testing and Automation

This article provides a detailed walkthrough of Postman, covering its core and advanced features, installation steps, interface navigation, how to send various types of requests, response analysis, collection management, batch execution, logging, assertions, variables, pre‑request scripts, request chaining, and techniques for extracting values from complex JSON responses.

API testingBackend DevelopmentPostman
0 likes · 22 min read
Comprehensive Guide to Using Postman for API Testing and Automation
IT Xianyu
IT Xianyu
Jan 4, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding Message Middleware Scenarios and Integrating RabbitMQ with Spring Boot

This article explains common message‑middleware use cases such as asynchronous processing, system decoupling, and traffic‑shaping, compares the performance of popular brokers, and provides a step‑by‑step guide with code examples for integrating RabbitMQ into a Spring Boot application.

Backend DevelopmentJavaMessage Queue
0 likes · 12 min read
Understanding Message Middleware Scenarios and Integrating RabbitMQ with Spring Boot
Java Interview Crash Guide
Java Interview Crash Guide
Jan 3, 2021 · Backend Development

Breaking the Skill and Salary Ceilings: From Junior to Architect

This article examines why many developers hit income plateaus at junior, senior, and architect levels, identifies the specific technical and mindset bottlenecks at each stage, and offers concrete strategies to overcome them and accelerate career and salary growth.

Backend Developmentcareer developmentsalary growth
0 likes · 12 min read
Breaking the Skill and Salary Ceilings: From Junior to Architect
Java Captain
Java Captain
Jan 1, 2021 · Backend Development

Top IntelliJ IDEA Plugins for Java Development

This guide introduces fifteen essential IntelliJ IDEA plugins—including CodeGlance, Codota, Material Theme UI, Alibaba Java Coding Guidelines, Alibaba Cloud Toolkit, GenerateAllSetter, Zookeeper manager, JRebel, JSON Parser, Lombok, JUnitGenerator, MyBatis Log Plugin, MyBatisCodeHelperPro, RESTful Toolkit, and Translation—each described with usage tips to boost Java developers' productivity.

Backend DevelopmentIDE pluginsIntelliJ
0 likes · 5 min read
Top IntelliJ IDEA Plugins for Java Development
21CTO
21CTO
Dec 31, 2020 · Databases

How to Design Scalable Business Systems: Database, Application, and SOA Strategies

This article explores practical approaches to building extensible business systems by addressing database scalability through sharding and partitioning, designing flexible application layers with configurable rules and hooks, and applying SOA principles to achieve modular, service‑oriented architectures that adapt to changing requirements.

Backend DevelopmentSOASystem Architecture
0 likes · 14 min read
How to Design Scalable Business Systems: Database, Application, and SOA Strategies
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Dec 31, 2020 · Backend Development

Essential IntelliJ IDEA Plugins for Java Development

This article presents a curated list of indispensable IntelliJ IDEA plugins for Java developers, detailing features such as code mini‑map, AI‑based code completion, UI themes, Alibaba coding guidelines, cloud deployment tools, automatic getter/setter generation, Zookeeper management, hot‑reload, JSON formatting, Lombok annotations, test generation, MyBatis enhancements, RESTful utilities, and translation assistance.

Backend DevelopmentIDE pluginsIntelliJ
0 likes · 5 min read
Essential IntelliJ IDEA Plugins for Java Development
macrozheng
macrozheng
Dec 31, 2020 · Backend Development

20 Java Backend Pitfalls You Must Avoid

This article compiles and explains twenty frequent Java backend development mistakes—from classic NullPointer exceptions and incorrect date formatting to BigDecimal precision issues, improper use of ConcurrentHashMap, ThreadLocal data leakage, misuse of Arrays.asList, transaction pitfalls, and serialization quirks—providing code examples and best‑practice solutions to help developers write safer, more reliable code.

Backend DevelopmentCommon pitfallsJava
0 likes · 27 min read
20 Java Backend Pitfalls You Must Avoid
NetEase Yanxuan Technology Product Team
NetEase Yanxuan Technology Product Team
Dec 30, 2020 · Industry Insights

How to Architect a Scalable Procurement System for Rapid Business Changes

This article analyzes the challenges of evolving a supply‑chain procurement platform amid shifting market dynamics and pandemic disruptions, and presents a four‑step framework—macro definition, blueprint design, system implementation, and continuous evolution—to build a resilient, high‑availability backend architecture.

Backend DevelopmentSupply ChainSystem Architecture
0 likes · 14 min read
How to Architect a Scalable Procurement System for Rapid Business Changes
macrozheng
macrozheng
Dec 30, 2020 · Backend Development

Unlocking Spring Security’s ResolvableType: Simplify Generic Reflection

This article explores Spring Security’s ResolvableType class, demonstrating how its static factory methods—such as forClass, forClassWithGenerics, forField, and forMethodParameter—simplify obtaining generic type information via reflection, and shows practical code examples that replace cumbersome traditional Java reflection techniques.

Backend DevelopmentJavaResolvableType
0 likes · 6 min read
Unlocking Spring Security’s ResolvableType: Simplify Generic Reflection
Top Architect
Top Architect
Dec 29, 2020 · Backend Development

Migrating OkCupid from REST to GraphQL: Process, Lessons, and Outcomes

The article details OkCupid’s year‑and‑a‑half migration from a REST API to a production GraphQL API, describing the four‑step process—page selection, schema construction, shadow requests, and A/B testing—along with lessons learned about error handling, business‑logic placement, and performance monitoring.

A/B testingAPI migrationApollo Server
0 likes · 9 min read
Migrating OkCupid from REST to GraphQL: Process, Lessons, and Outcomes
Laravel Tech Community
Laravel Tech Community
Dec 28, 2020 · Backend Development

PHP rsort() Function – Reverse Sorting an Array

The article explains PHP’s rsort() function, which sorts an array in reverse order, details its parameters and return values, and provides a complete example showing how to sort a fruit list and output the sorted elements with their indices.

Backend DevelopmentExample Codearray sorting
0 likes · 2 min read
PHP rsort() Function – Reverse Sorting an Array
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Dec 28, 2020 · Backend Development

Mastering Elasticsearch: Core Concepts and Indexing Workflow Explained

This article introduces Elasticsearch’s core concepts—including clusters, node roles, documents, mappings, and shards—and walks through the complete indexing workflow from client request to replica synchronization, highlighting key settings, routing calculations, and the role of refresh and flush operations.

Backend DevelopmentClusterElasticsearch
0 likes · 13 min read
Mastering Elasticsearch: Core Concepts and Indexing Workflow Explained
Top Architect
Top Architect
Dec 28, 2020 · Backend Development

Building a Simple Food Ordering System in Java (No Database)

This tutorial walks through creating a complete, database‑free food ordering system in Java, covering class design for dishes, users, orders, and administrators, implementing CRUD operations with in‑memory maps, and providing a console menu for both admin and customer interactions.

Backend DevelopmentCRUDConsole Application
0 likes · 22 min read
Building a Simple Food Ordering System in Java (No Database)
JD Retail Technology
JD Retail Technology
Dec 28, 2020 · Backend Development

Simplified Analysis of Netty Server and Client Startup and Communication

This article provides a concise, code‑driven walkthrough of Netty's core components—including event‑loop groups, channel initialization, pipeline handling, and the server‑client handshake process—by simplifying the original source to highlight the essential mechanisms behind asynchronous network communication in Java.

Backend DevelopmentChannel pipelineJava NIO
0 likes · 19 min read
Simplified Analysis of Netty Server and Client Startup and Communication
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Dec 28, 2020 · Backend Development

Top 15 Must‑Have IntelliJ IDEA Plugins for Java Developers

This article presents a curated collection of fifteen IntelliJ IDEA plugins that boost Java development productivity, ranging from code navigation and AI‑assisted completion to UI themes, coding standards, cloud deployment, automatic getter/setter generation, testing utilities, and handy JSON and translation tools.

Backend DevelopmentIDE pluginsIntelliJ
0 likes · 7 min read
Top 15 Must‑Have IntelliJ IDEA Plugins for Java Developers
Python Crawling & Data Mining
Python Crawling & Data Mining
Dec 25, 2020 · Backend Development

Mastering Python Rate Limiting: From ratelimiter to SlowAPI

This article explains how to control request frequency in Python using the ratelimiter library for synchronous and asynchronous code, and introduces SlowAPI as a flexible solution for FastAPI and Flask, helping backend developers reduce server load and protect APIs from abuse.

Backend DevelopmentFastAPIPython
0 likes · 6 min read
Mastering Python Rate Limiting: From ratelimiter to SlowAPI
Java Architect Essentials
Java Architect Essentials
Dec 24, 2020 · Backend Development

Zheng: A Comprehensive J2EE Enterprise Development Solution with Modular Architecture

Zheng is a full‑stack J2EE enterprise solution that offers a complete suite of micro‑service modules—including content management, payment, user management, WeChat integration, storage, configuration, logging, and task scheduling—designed to help small‑to‑medium businesses build robust, scalable applications using Spring, MyBatis, Thymeleaf and related technologies.

Backend DevelopmentJ2EEJava
0 likes · 7 min read
Zheng: A Comprehensive J2EE Enterprise Development Solution with Modular Architecture
Senior Brother's Insights
Senior Brother's Insights
Dec 24, 2020 · Backend Development

Spring Filter vs Interceptor: When to Use Each in Java Web Apps

This guide explains the concepts, implementation steps, configuration examples, and key differences between Servlet Filters and Spring MVC Interceptors, helping developers choose the right tool for request preprocessing, logging, and access control in Java web applications.

Backend DevelopmentInterceptorJava
0 likes · 12 min read
Spring Filter vs Interceptor: When to Use Each in Java Web Apps
vivo Internet Technology
vivo Internet Technology
Dec 23, 2020 · Backend Development

Implementing Nearest Routing in Dubbo for Multi‑DataCenter Deployments

Vivo extends Dubbo with a custom NearestRouter that reads each provider’s app_loc label to preferentially route RPC calls to services in the same data‑center or city, falling back based on configurable thresholds, and plans to enhance routing with richer topology metadata, composite policies, and cloud‑native service‑mesh integration.

Backend DevelopmentDubboJava
0 likes · 10 min read
Implementing Nearest Routing in Dubbo for Multi‑DataCenter Deployments
Node Underground
Node Underground
Dec 20, 2020 · Backend Development

Explore the Ultimate Node.js Best Practices Repository

The article introduces the widely‑starred GitHub project “Node.js Best Practices,” highlighting its multilingual documentation, comprehensive coverage of project structure, error handling, coding standards, testing, production, security, and performance, and encourages readers to visit the repository for detailed guidance.

Backend DevelopmentPerformanceProject Structure
0 likes · 2 min read
Explore the Ultimate Node.js Best Practices Repository
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Dec 19, 2020 · Backend Development

Unlocking High‑Performance Linux Network Frameworks: IO Events, Multiplexing & Reactor Patterns

This article explains the core concepts of high‑performance Linux network programming, covering IO events, IO multiplexing, thread and event‑driven architectures, the Reactor pattern and its variants, as well as synchronous versus asynchronous IO, providing clear examples and practical guidance for building efficient server frameworks.

Backend DevelopmentIO MultiplexingReactor pattern
0 likes · 14 min read
Unlocking High‑Performance Linux Network Frameworks: IO Events, Multiplexing & Reactor Patterns
Architect's Tech Stack
Architect's Tech Stack
Dec 18, 2020 · Databases

How to Use Redis to Count Website Visits: Hash, Bitset, and Probabilistic Algorithms

This article explains three Redis-based approaches—using Hashes, Bitsets, and the HyperLogLog probabilistic algorithm—to count daily website visits, detailing command usage, advantages, disadvantages, and implementation considerations for high‑traffic sites, including handling logged‑in and anonymous users, memory consumption, and accuracy trade‑offs.

Backend DevelopmentData StructuresProbabilistic Algorithms
0 likes · 6 min read
How to Use Redis to Count Website Visits: Hash, Bitset, and Probabilistic Algorithms
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Dec 17, 2020 · Fundamentals

16 Essential Coding Habits Every Developer Should Master

This article presents sixteen practical coding habits—from self‑testing and parameter validation to thread‑pool usage and cache consistency—that help developers avoid common bugs, improve reliability, and write cleaner, production‑ready code across backend systems.

Backend Developmentcoding habitssoftware engineering
0 likes · 13 min read
16 Essential Coding Habits Every Developer Should Master
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Dec 17, 2020 · Backend Development

Spring Boot 2.4 Multi-Profile Configuration: From spring.profiles to spring.config.activate.on-profile

This article explains how Spring Boot 2.4 changes the way multi‑environment configurations are defined and activated, replacing the old spring.profiles property with spring.config.activate.on-profile and showing how to specify and launch profiles both in YAML files and via command‑line arguments.

Backend DevelopmentConfigurationProfiles
0 likes · 4 min read
Spring Boot 2.4 Multi-Profile Configuration: From spring.profiles to spring.config.activate.on-profile
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Dec 17, 2020 · Backend Development

Mastering Java Logging: Navigate Log4j, SLF4J, Logback, and JUL

This guide explains the relationships and dependencies among Java logging frameworks such as Log4j, SLF4J, Logback, and JUL, shows how to resolve common issues like missing logs or jar conflicts, and provides practical steps to unify logging output across different modules and libraries.

Backend DevelopmentJULJava
0 likes · 8 min read
Mastering Java Logging: Navigate Log4j, SLF4J, Logback, and JUL
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Dec 16, 2020 · Information Security

Spring Security OAuth2 Callback Authentication Explained: Managers & Providers

This article explores how Spring Security processes OAuth2 login callbacks, detailing the role of AuthenticationManager, the creation of OAuth2LoginAuthenticationToken, the selection of appropriate AuthenticationProvider such as OAuth2LoginAuthenticationProvider and OidcAuthorizationCodeAuthenticationProvider, and the subsequent generation of OAuth2User and token objects.

AuthenticationBackend DevelopmentJava
0 likes · 4 min read
Spring Security OAuth2 Callback Authentication Explained: Managers & Providers