Starting with Nacos 2.2.0, this guide shows how to create a custom DM8 database plugin via the SPI mechanism, add Maven dependencies, import the required scripts, configure connection settings and set the platform property, enabling Nacos to persist data in a DM8 database.
This article walks through the design and implementation of a friend‑follow microservice using MySQL for persistence, Redis Sets for fast set operations, and Spring Boot, covering requirement analysis, data modeling, dependency setup, configuration, service logic, and testing with concrete code examples and performance insights.
This article details the private‑deployment architecture of Volcano Engine A/B Testing (DataTester), outlines three major challenges—version management, performance optimization, and stability—and explains the branch‑logic, release pipeline, model‑optimization, and pre‑aggregation solutions implemented to enable reliable, low‑resource SaaS‑like operation in on‑premise clusters.
This article provides a thorough overview of backend development, covering system design principles such as high cohesion and low coupling, architectural patterns for high concurrency and availability, network communication techniques, common fault scenarios, monitoring and alerting strategies, service governance practices, and deployment workflows.
This article explains how to work with absolute and relative file paths in PHP, demonstrates extracting path components with pathinfo(), and provides practical examples of directory and file manipulation functions such as opendir, readdir, scandir, fopen, fread, fwrite, unlink, copy, and rename.
This article explains the Chain of Responsibility design pattern, demonstrates its use in multi‑step product creation validation and expense‑approval workflows with concrete Java/Spring code, and discusses configuration, dynamic composition, advantages, drawbacks, and testing scenarios.
This article examines ten common traps when implementing Redis distributed locks—ranging from non‑atomic setnx/expire operations and missing expirations to lock release ordering, re‑entrancy, master‑slave replication issues, and the Redlock algorithm—providing concrete code examples, explanations, and best‑practice solutions.
This article explains how to prevent duplicate write requests on the server side by using unique request identifiers, Redis SETNX with expiration, and MD5 hashing of request parameters (excluding time fields), providing a complete Java implementation and testing examples.
This article explains why private controller methods in Spring Boot fail when AOP logging is enabled, revealing that CGLIB proxies cannot intercept private methods, which leads to null service injection, and provides code examples and a final conclusion.
cURL 7.87 has been officially released, introducing new command‑line options such as -url-query, enhancements like quick‑exit and CA cache timeout, expanded version‑info feature names, and a long list of bug fixes covering base64 handling, locale‑independent parsing, FTP, WebSocket, TLS‑proxy support, and more.
The article presents a comprehensive overview of the JinDao settlement platform, detailing its background, pain points, architectural design, domain modeling, sharding task component, sequential settlement mechanisms, configuration models, billing and allocation rules, and real‑world business case studies, illustrating how it enables accurate, fast, cost‑effective online financial settlement for JD Tech.
The article explains why Java applications typically use traditional database connection pools instead of IO multiplexing, covering JDBC’s blocking design, session management, ecosystem maturity, and the complexity of integrating non‑blocking I/O with existing frameworks, while noting that a non‑blocking implementation is technically feasible.
This comprehensive guide walks you through RabbitMQ fundamentals, deployment on macOS, core concepts such as exchanges and routing, detailed code examples for producers and consumers in Java, and advanced features like TTL, dead‑letter queues, and manual acknowledgments, helping you bridge theory and practice in message‑queue systems.
The Nacos 2.2.0 GA release introduces several new plugins—including rate‑limiting, custom environment variable, and datasource plugins—removes legacy redundant code, enhances tracing and batch registration, and delivers extensive refactoring and bug fixes to improve stability and extensibility for cloud‑native service discovery and configuration management.
This tutorial explains why message queues are essential, compares popular MQ products, details RocketMQ's core components, and provides step‑by‑step instructions—including environment setup, broker configuration, firewall rules, and monitoring—to deploy a fault‑tolerant RocketMQ cluster on CentOS 7.
This article explains why distributed ID generation is needed in micro‑service architectures, outlines business requirements such as global uniqueness and monotonicity, and surveys common generation schemes—including UUID, database auto‑increment, segment mode, Redis, Snowflake, Baidu UidGenerator, Meituan Leaf, and Didi TinyID – with code examples and pros/cons.
This article explains cache penetration scenarios, outlines Redis memory eviction strategies, introduces RedisBloom's Bloom filter and Cuckoo filter for detecting illegal requests, provides configuration details, and demonstrates practical commands to mitigate cache penetration in backend systems.
This article explains how to design a high‑availability SMS system by identifying stability bottlenecks, defining reliability goals, implementing failover strategies for Redis, MySQL and external services, establishing a comprehensive observability framework, and measuring key quality metrics to ensure 99.99% uptime.
This article explains how e‑commerce systems handle sudden traffic spikes by applying caching, various rate‑limiting algorithms (leaky bucket, token bucket, sliding window), Nginx ingress controls, Java Semaphore concurrency limits, distributed queue buffering, service degradation tactics, and cache‑consistency techniques for high‑availability backend services.
This article explains how to replace numerous static Feign client interfaces with a single dynamic Feign client in Spring, showing the generic service definition, a client factory, and usage examples that streamline inter‑service HTTP calls while keeping code reusable and maintainable.
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of Nacos as a service registry, covering its core concepts, architecture diagram, registration and discovery principles, detailed source‑code walkthroughs, and practical debugging examples for Spring Cloud microservice environments.
This article describes a step‑by‑step migration of a large monolithic Java application into vertically‑split micro‑services, covering database sharding into nine business databases, multi‑datasource and custom transaction implementations, application splitting, routing, RPC generation, and the measures taken to ensure data safety and low‑risk rollout.
The article explains how to handle sudden traffic spikes in e‑commerce systems by applying rate‑limiting algorithms, Nginx and Java semaphore controls, distributed queue buffering, service degradation tactics, and multi‑layer caching techniques to maintain high availability and data consistency.
This guide explains Spring 5.3’s built‑in servlet filters—including FormContentFilter for handling form data in PUT/PATCH/DELETE, ForwardedHeaderFilter for adjusting request URLs behind proxies, ShallowEtagHeaderFilter for lightweight caching, the CORS filter for cross‑origin requests, and CharacterEncodingFilter for enforcing request/response encoding—along with configuration tips and security considerations.
By eliminating unnecessary reverse‑geocode calls, aggregating nearby coordinates with GeoHash, and employing a multi‑layer LRU‑K cache with time‑ and access‑count eviction, the Hellobike map team cut daily requests from 200‑300 million to 20‑30 million while adding fallback and monitoring mechanisms.
The Nacos 2.2.0 release introduces major changes including removal of redundant 1.x code, new rate‑limiting, custom environment, and datasource plugins, enhanced batch registration, v2 OpenAPI, LDAP authentication, extensive refactoring, numerous bug fixes, and updated UI dependencies.
This article explains the fundamentals of caching, why caches (especially Redis) are essential for high‑performance and high‑concurrency scenarios, compares local, distributed, and multi‑level caches, and outlines their advantages, disadvantages, and typical implementation approaches.
Nginx 1.23.3, the lightweight web and reverse‑proxy server developed by Igor Sysoev, introduces several bug fixes and a hostname‑resolution workaround while continuing to offer low‑memory, high‑concurrency performance across multiple operating systems.
This article examines the ZCube rule engine, detailing its architecture, visual rule modeling tools, DSL and ANTLR integration, RETE algorithm implementation, knowledge package deployment, AB testing, and runtime execution flow, illustrating how it enables flexible, high‑performance business rule management.
This article explains how to generate all possible product SKU combinations for an e‑commerce system by computing the Cartesian product of specification arrays, and provides two PHP implementations—one that returns SKU strings and another that returns nested arrays—along with sample output.
This article compares popular and niche technologies, explains why .NET remains relatively unknown in China's internet industry, and introduces its evolution, the Blazor web framework (both WebAssembly and Server models), and the capabilities of Flutter Web for cross‑platform development.
This article introduces the concept of rate limiting, explains three core algorithms—fixed window, sliding window, and leaky bucket—along with the token bucket approach, provides Java code examples for each, discusses their principles, advantages, and pitfalls, and outlines practical implementation considerations.
The article outlines the release of PHP 8.2, detailing its major additions such as readonly classes, DNF types, new standalone types (null, false, true), the Random extension, trait constants, and the deprecation of dynamic properties, while providing code examples and migration guidance.
This article explains the fundamental concepts of rate limiting, reviews popular algorithms such as token bucket, leaky bucket, and sliding window, and details practical implementation methods across single‑machine and distributed environments using tools like Guava, Nginx, Redis, and Sentinel.
InfoWorld's 2022 Best Open Source Software Awards showcase a curated list of influential open‑source projects—including AlmaLinux, Podman, Play with Docker, Vaadin, JHipster, SolidJS, Redwood, Next.js, Wasmtime, PyScript, Hardhat, OpenFGA, Sentry, Appsmith, Spinnaker, Hypertrace, Gravitee, OpenTelemetry, Grafana, Dapr, Redpanda, Iceberg, Druid, JAX, nbdev, Accelerate, Stable Diffusion, and EleutherAI—covering backend, cloud‑native, AI, and data‑centric technologies.
This article explains how Domain-Driven Design can be used to split monolithic systems into manageable microservices, covering DDD fundamentals, strategic domain modeling, tactical design patterns, and a concrete Go implementation with a four‑layer architecture.
The article explains why Baidu built the high‑performance Janus gateway, its architecture and deployment topology, the three routing modes, the three‑level rule system with variable and condition expressions, plugin extensibility, performance benchmarks, and how the design can be generalized to other use cases.
This article demonstrates how to replace Shiro with jCasbin for fine‑grained permission control in a Spring Boot 1.5.10 project, covering Maven dependencies, configuration files, Enforcer initialization, a custom servlet filter, and dynamic policy add/remove APIs.
This article describes how combining Redis and RabbitMQ to implement an asynchronous cache refresh mechanism significantly improves interface performance and stability for a high‑traffic used‑car platform, meeting strict tp99 latency requirements while maintaining data freshness.
This article provides an in‑depth tutorial on configuring and using the Caffeine caching library in Java, covering cache creation, property settings such as initial capacity, maximum size, weight, expiration policies, statistics collection, custom listeners, and advanced features like removal listeners and cache writers.
This article defines process engines, distinguishes workflow from BPM, explores various process designer types, outlines core components such as organization, resources, forms, and interfaces, and presents practical architecture and implementation details—including code examples, permission handling, and reporting—illustrated with diagrams.
Learn how to integrate Bean Validation with Spring 5.2.23, configure the validator, inject it, create custom constraints, and enable method‑level validation using MethodValidationPostProcessor, with complete code examples and execution results, including handling of constraint violations and bean registration steps.
This guide introduces the open‑source nginx‑gui tool, explains its configuration and performance‑monitoring features, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for downloading, setting up, and running the GUI on Linux, including code snippets and screenshots.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of microservice architecture, outlining the four main technology dimensions—microservice management, storage, business support, and DevOps—and lists the most relevant tools and platforms for each area to help architects choose optimal solutions.
The article explains why traditional auto‑increment primary keys are unsuitable for distributed systems, outlines the key requirements for a distributed identifier, and reviews several practical generation schemes—including UUID, database auto‑increment, segment mode, Redis, Snowflake, Baidu UidGenerator, Meituan Leaf, and Didi TinyID—along with their advantages, drawbacks, and sample implementations.
This article details the architectural decisions, network protocol choices, message framing strategies, and server‑level optimizations—including Netty adoption, TCP handling, token management, load balancing, NIC queue configuration, and CPU affinity—that enable a scalable, low‑latency instant messaging service supporting millions of concurrent connections.
This guide explains common business scenarios that require custom SQL parsing, walks through setting up Antlr4 in IntelliJ IDEA, configuring Maven dependencies, generating parser code, and provides Java examples for extracting table names from Spark SQL statements, including handling of prediction modes and execution results.
This article explores common misconceptions and practical strategies—including write ordering, delayed double‑delete, retry mechanisms, and scheduled cleanup jobs—to ensure reliable dual‑write consistency between MongoDB and traditional relational databases.
This guide explains how to implement declarative retry mechanisms in Java using Spring‑Retry and Guava‑Retry, covering dependency setup, template and annotation usage, various retry and back‑off policies, test examples, and a comparative analysis of their flexibility and configuration options.
This article explains how front‑end engineers can transition from traditional static‑site deployment to fully cloud‑native web applications by leveraging Alibaba Cloud’s Serverless services—OSS, CDN, and Function Compute—to achieve automatic scaling, zero‑ops maintenance, cost efficiency, and enhanced security for dynamic APIs, tasks, and media processing.
This article explains why using Go's init() function is discouraged due to readability, testing complications, and error‑handling limitations, and it offers practical alternatives such as direct variable initialization, custom init functions with sync.Once, and controlled error‑aware initialization patterns.
This article explains the fundamentals of caching, why caches like Redis are essential for high‑performance and high‑concurrency backend systems, and compares local, distributed, and multi‑level cache architectures, including their advantages, drawbacks, and typical implementation approaches.
This article explains how to use PHP's mysqli extension to establish and close MySQL connections, handle connection errors, perform CRUD operations, process query results, execute multiple statements, and manage transactions, providing code examples for each step.
This article explains why distributed ID generation is needed, outlines business requirements such as global uniqueness and monotonicity, and compares eight practical schemes—including UUID, database auto‑increment, segment mode, Redis, Snowflake, Baidu UidGenerator, Meituan Leaf, and Didi TinyID—detailing their advantages, disadvantages, and implementation examples.
This article introduces microservice architecture, explains its key characteristics, ecosystem components such as load balancers, service discovery, API gateways, monitoring, containerization, and circuit breakers, compares it with monolithic architecture, outlines common challenges, and outlines scenarios where adopting microservices is advantageous.
This article explains the concepts, design principles, and practical implementation steps of an open‑source decision engine—covering rule vs. decision flow, DSL creation with YAML, operator handling, workflow orchestration, and deployment considerations for production environments.
This article examines layered monolithic architecture styles, comparing classic four‑layer designs with five‑layer variants, discussing their benefits, trade‑offs, impact on complexity, change isolation, and how modular thinking can bridge the gap between technical layers and business domains.
JDEasyFlow is an open‑source Java workflow orchestration component from JD's enterprise finance R&D team that supports JSON and BPMN specifications, offers flexible node types, modular architecture, and provides detailed usage examples and implementation principles for building scalable process‑driven applications.
The article details how a Java team diagnosed frequent Full GC pauses caused by CMS, migrated to G1GC, adjusted JVM flags, scaled container specs, and achieved dramatically lower pause times, reduced instance counts, and significant cost savings while improving overall service stability.
This article explains why distributed ID generation is essential for modern micro‑service architectures, outlines the key requirements such as global uniqueness and monotonicity, and compares popular solutions like UUID, database auto‑increment, segment mode, Redis, Snowflake, Baidu UidGenerator, Meituan Leaf, and Didi TinyID with practical code examples.
This article shares eighteen practical techniques—including batch database operations, asynchronous processing, caching, prefetching, pooling, event callbacks, parallel remote calls, lock granularity, file‑based staging, indexing, SQL tuning, transaction management, deep pagination fixes, code restructuring, payload compression, NoSQL adoption, thread‑pool tuning, and JVM/IO optimizations—to dramatically reduce backend interface latency and improve overall system performance.
The article explains the business scenarios that require timed tasks, compares single‑machine and distributed scheduling frameworks such as Quartz, TBSchedule, elastic‑job, Saturn and xxl‑job, and provides a detailed evaluation of their features, deployment models, sharding strategies, high‑availability and monitoring capabilities to guide developers in choosing the right solution.
This article revisits Adam Wiggins' 12‑Factor App methodology, explaining how each factor—from codebase and dependencies to logging and admin processes—has evolved and why these principles remain crucial for building reliable, scalable micro‑service‑based backend systems today.
This article provides a comprehensive step‑by‑step migration guide for upgrading Spring Boot applications to version 3.0, covering JDK updates, dependency assessment, configuration changes, Jakarta EE package renaming, key feature alterations, and practical code snippets.
This article presents a comprehensive overview of payment system architecture, detailing the core transaction and payment modules, system interactions, service governance, data consistency strategies, asynchronous processing, and practical production practices such as performance testing, stability management, and service isolation.
The article explains how to protect a suddenly hot product API in an e‑commerce system by applying caching, various rate‑limiting algorithms, service degradation techniques, and distributed caching patterns, providing concrete Java code and architectural recommendations for backend developers.
This article provides a comprehensive visual tutorial on Git’s core commands—including add, commit, reset, checkout, diff, merge, rebase, and cherry‑pick—explaining their effects on the working directory, staging area, and repository while illustrating concepts such as HEAD, branches, and detached states.
This article reviews several Java backend technologies—JSP, Struts, Hibernate, Servlet, Applet, Swing, JDBC, and XML—explaining why they are becoming obsolete or less essential and offering guidance on which ones learners can safely skip or deprioritize.
The article explains Taobao’s Atmosphere visual marketing system, detailing the need for an Atmosphere Center, its three‑tier architecture with dual configuration portals, Diamond‑based synchronization, abstract handler classes for CRUD operations, and future plans to consolidate portals and streamline custom logic.
Spring Boot 3.0, the first major release since 2.0, introduces Java 17 baseline, GraalVM native image support, enhanced observability with Micrometer, and Jakarta EE 10 compatibility, while providing a detailed migration guide for upgrading from earlier Spring Boot versions.
This article explains NGINX’s hot‑reload mechanism, its limitations in high‑frequency cloud‑native environments, and how Apache APISIX provides an in‑memory, zero‑downtime solution for dynamic configuration updates.
This article examines traditional RBAC, ABAC, and PBAC access‑control models, evaluates their strengths and weaknesses, and presents a hybrid permission architecture tailored for 微盟's WOS system that combines role‑based and attribute‑based rules to achieve high flexibility and fine‑grained authorization.
This article explains how Domain‑Driven Design (DDD) guides the strategic and tactical decomposition of monolithic applications into well‑bounded microservices, outlines its benefits such as a unified language and clearer domain boundaries, and provides concrete code examples from a membership‑center service.
This article explains how to use Spring Validation for automatic request parameter checks in Java web applications, covering basic setup, DTO annotations, requestBody and requestParam validation, unified exception handling, and advanced features like group, nested, collection, custom, and fail‑fast validation.
The article explains various techniques for ensuring data consistency in distributed microservice architectures, including blocking retries, asynchronous queues, TCC compensation transactions, local message tables, and MQ transactions, while discussing their advantages, drawbacks, and practical implementation details.
The article presents comprehensive best‑practice guidelines for building a clean, maintainable Controller layer in Spring MVC, covering its essential responsibilities, common pitfalls, unified response structures, parameter validation with JSR‑303, custom validators, and centralized exception handling to improve code simplicity and robustness.
This guide presents a concise set of best‑practice rules for designing consistent, resource‑oriented RESTful APIs, covering naming conventions, URL structures, HTTP methods, versioning, pagination, security, monitoring, and documentation to improve developer experience and system reliability.
This tutorial provides a complete, step‑by‑step guide to automatically deploy a Spring Boot project on CentOS 7 by installing Docker and Jenkins, configuring Maven and required plugins, creating a Jenkins pipeline, building the Docker image, and running the container, while avoiding common pitfalls.
The article explains how to design a payment account system for e‑commerce, distinguishing payment accounts from login credentials, outlining key requirements such as transaction, accounting, reconciliation, risk control and credit, and detailing entity, account, and transaction models with attributes and control rules.
This article explains how to design and implement instant (秒传), chunked (分片上传), and resumable (断点续传) file upload mechanisms in Java, covering the underlying MD5 deduplication logic, Redis state tracking, server‑side file handling with RandomAccessFile and MappedByteBuffer, and practical deployment considerations.
This article explains the fundamental differences between HTTP and RPC, covering protocol layers, communication formats, performance considerations, RPC architecture, synchronous vs asynchronous calls, popular RPC frameworks, and when to choose RPC over HTTP for backend services.
This article examines Elasticsearch's three pagination strategies—basic from/size, scroll-based deep paging, and the newer search after method—detailing their execution phases, performance implications, code examples, and practical recommendations for choosing the appropriate approach based on data volume and real‑time requirements.
This article explains what API idempotency is, why it is needed, which interfaces should be idempotent, and presents various implementation methods such as frontend interception, database unique indexes, optimistic and pessimistic locks, JVM locks, distributed locks, and token‑based approaches.
This article explains why browsers enforce same‑origin policies, presents common CORS solutions such as the @CrossOrigin annotation, gateway integration with Spring Cloud Gateway, and using HttpClient, and provides detailed configuration and code examples for implementing these approaches in a Java backend project.
DTLE 4.22.11.0 introduces major job configuration changes, new log settings, a TwoWaySync parameter for bidirectional replication, beta Kafka credentials, and fixes for Decimal column defaults, while providing updated documentation links and download resources for the open‑source MySQL data transfer component.
This article presents a comprehensive engineering guide for building a high‑performance e‑commerce search engine with Go (Kratos), Elasticsearch/OpenSearch, Redis, MySQL, and Kafka, covering architecture, index construction, query processing, ranking, user‑guidance features, and future extensions such as recommendation and visual search.
The article explains how using a Redis cache can boost read performance but introduces consistency challenges, compares four cache‑aside write strategies, and recommends the reliable “update database then delete cache” approach combined with short expiration times and asynchronous message‑queue invalidation to keep data fresh.
This article explains why specifying an initial capacity for Java's HashMap matters, illustrates common misuse cases, walks through the source code to show how capacity and resizing thresholds are calculated, and provides guidelines for choosing the correct capacity to avoid unnecessary rehashing.
This article examines the challenges of scaling JD's shopping cart, proposes a paginated loading strategy for auxiliary product information to reduce backend load and improve user experience, and details the technical design, pagination options, pre‑loading mechanisms, and measured performance benefits.
An in‑depth case study of a data‑service company's transition to microservices details the initial benefits such as visibility and reduced deployment cost, the subsequent problems of queue head blocking, shared‑library versioning, scaling complexity, and the eventual trade‑offs that led to a partial monolith rollback.
This article explains how to use SLF4J's MDC to attach a request identifier to log entries, demonstrates the limitation of MDC in asynchronous threads, and provides a decorator‑pattern solution (MDCRunnable) that propagates the context, enabling reliable log correlation across threads in Java backend applications.
Node.js v19.1.0 introduces function mocking in the test runner, recursive file‑system watching support, updated ICU, documentation collaborator additions, removal of experimental fetch warnings, MIME utilities, and performance improvements for text decoding, providing a comprehensive set of backend enhancements.
This article explains why short URLs are useful, describes the principle of mapping short codes to original URLs, and provides two complete PHP implementations—one using MySQL for storage and another using an INI file—along with the necessary rewrite rules for Apache and Nginx.
This article walks through turning a basic personal‑blog architecture—single server, MySQL, and Node.js—into a high‑concurrency system by adding Redis caching, Nginx load balancing, horizontal scaling, read‑write splitting, sharding, NewSQL databases, and message‑queue techniques.
The article analyzes the challenges of keeping cache and database consistent after write operations, evaluates four update‑order strategies, discusses their concurrency pitfalls, and presents practical solutions such as CAS, distributed locks, asynchronous updates, and delayed double‑delete techniques.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of payment system architecture, describing the transaction and payment cores, their interactions, service governance, asynchronous processing, data consistency, performance testing, and production practices, while illustrating each component with diagrams and practical insights.
This article explains the need for globally unique identifiers in modern applications, outlines the essential characteristics of a distributed ID generation service, examines common implementation techniques, and discusses concrete business scenarios such as order numbers, coupons, short URLs, and tracing with practical code examples.
This article describes the background, design decisions, architecture, core concepts (Serverless, BFF, FAAS), implementation details, performance results, and future plans of the internally built Seras platform that enables front‑end teams to write cloud functions without managing servers, improving code reuse, traceability, and deployment speed.
This article explains the backend technology choices for a low‑code poster platform, covering Node.js framework selection, database decisions (MySQL, MongoDB, Redis), authentication methods (Session vs JWT), and unit/integration testing tools such as Mocha, SuperTest, and related code examples.
This article explains how to build a modular backend service in Java using domain‑driven design, configurable modules, dynamic proxies, cache adapters, lambda‑based query conditions, and Spring‑based conditional bean loading to enable flexible extensions without altering existing code.
