This article explains how to build an effective multi‑level caching system in microservice architectures, covering client‑side browser caching, application‑layer static resource caching with CDN and Nginx, and service‑layer caches using in‑process and distributed solutions like Redis, plus consistency strategies.
This article explains how to design an effective multi‑level caching system for microservice environments, covering client‑side static resource caching, application‑layer CDN caching, and service‑layer Redis caching, and provides practical Nginx configuration examples to implement these caches.
This article explains how to design an effective multi‑level cache architecture for microservice systems, covering client‑side static resource caching, application‑layer CDN and Nginx caching, service‑layer in‑process and distributed caches, consistency challenges, and practical scenarios for using each layer.
The Vivo Internet Operations team outlines how they cut short‑video startup latency by warming DNS caches, consolidating domains for HTTP/1.1 reuse, deploying HTTP/2 and QUIC, and optimizing CDN edge placement, achieving up to 30 ms DNS gains, 40 ms image load reductions, and lower request and first‑byte latencies.
This article explains how to design an effective multi-level caching system in a microservice environment, covering client‑side browser caching, application‑layer CDN and Nginx caching, and service‑layer in‑process and distributed caches, along with consistency strategies and practical deployment examples.
By leveraging the Yugong Platform’s predictive control—combining Prophet‑based threshold forecasts, custom real‑time bandwidth models, and a token‑bucket mechanism—to smooth peaks and fill valleys, enterprises can dramatically improve CDN bandwidth utilization, automate adjustments, and substantially lower peak‑based billing costs.
LowCodeEngine is an open‑source low‑code engine from Alibaba that follows enterprise front‑end standards, offering a minimal core, rich ecosystem, TypeScript typings, configurable CDN options, detailed UI panels, and extensible protocols for building front‑end applications.
Tencent Cloud helped the viral game 《羊了个羊》 scale from 5,000 QPS to support over 100 million daily active users in a week by using serverless Kubernetes auto‑scaling, real‑time logging, WAF/Anti‑DDoS protection, CDN, and read‑write separation with Redis, achieving high performance, availability, and scalability.
This article explains the fundamentals of Content Delivery Networks (CDN), how they cache object‑storage files, the DNS resolution process with CNAME records, origin‑pull behavior on cache misses, performance trade‑offs, and guidelines for when CDN integration is beneficial or unnecessary.
This article details Tencent CDN's challenges and solutions for business continuity, covering bandwidth and device resource constraints, massive request handling, fault‑management lifecycle, automation bottlenecks, and the implementation of AIOps, intelligent alerts, capacity planning, and root‑cause analysis to ensure reliable service.
To support Bilibili’s 330 million MAU growth, the network team replaced the static, single‑core 1.0 public‑network with a regionalized, SLA‑driven 2.0 architecture featuring centralized POPs, dual‑arm LB/NAT, clustered services, security gateways, and a multi‑level CDN backbone that reduces latency, improves reliability, and cuts bandwidth costs.
This article details Tencent CDN's extensive business continuity challenges—including bandwidth, device resources, and massive request volumes—and explains how a fault‑management lifecycle, AIOps components, intelligent alerting, and automated capacity planning together enable resilient, automated operations.
Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) add a caching layer to the Internet, placing content on edge nodes near users to reduce latency, alleviate bandwidth constraints, and improve response speed, with DNS-based smart routing, cache servers, and load balancing forming the core of their operation.
This article recounts a real‑world incident where a change to the Access‑Control‑Allow‑Origin header triggered CORS errors for credentialed requests, analyzes the CDN caching and Vary‑header issues that caused inconsistent responses, and outlines the steps taken to fix and prevent the problem.
Netflix delivers billions of hours of video by compressing and transcoding raw movies into multiple formats, splitting them into small chunks processed in parallel on AWS, storing them in S3, and distributing them via its custom Open Connect CDN to ensure low‑latency, high‑quality playback worldwide.
This article explains the fundamentals, principles, functions, service models, and global load‑balancing techniques of Content Delivery Networks, detailing how edge caching, intelligent routing, and various GSLB strategies improve latency, bandwidth efficiency, and overall user experience.
This article reviews the dramatic shift from the massive, expensive mainframes of 1972 to today’s edge‑centric, high‑capacity, low‑latency internet, explaining how larger bandwidth, faster protocols, cheaper infrastructure, and better security have driven the evolution and what this means for the next half‑century of networking.
This article explains the limitations of traditional load balancing, how CDN and DNS mechanisms work, the concept of SOA, and how DNS-based load balancing can distribute traffic across multiple servers, including practical examples and a list of supporting DNS service providers.
This article explains the fundamentals of Content Delivery Networks (CDN), detailing how browsers request resources, the role of DNS, the long-haul backbone bottleneck, and how CDN edge servers cache content to reduce latency and bandwidth load, illustrated with real-world examples like ticket‑booking spikes.
Bilibili migrated its massive live‑streaming infrastructure from RTMP/FLV to MPEG‑TS‑free HLS using fragmented MP4, designing clustered slicing, dynamic back‑source selection, 1‑second key‑frame segments, cache pre‑warming and replay playlists, thereby cutting start‑up latency, supporting modern codecs, DRM and future immersive audio features.
This article explains the fundamentals of Content Delivery Networks (CDN), detailing how browsers request resources, the role of DNS, the multi‑step data transmission process, and how CDN caching servers reduce long‑haul network traffic and latency to improve user experience.
This article explains the principles and practical configurations of HTTP forced and negotiated caching, Service Worker lifecycle and caching, HTTP/2 server push, and CDN caching, providing concrete header examples, code snippets, and recommendations for optimal front‑end performance.
This article explains the limitations of traditional load‑balancing, describes how CDNs and DNS use distributed, hierarchical mechanisms such as SOA to achieve traffic distribution and fault tolerance, and outlines practical DNS‑based load‑balancing implementations and supported service providers.
This article explains why traditional single‑point load balancers are limited, how CDNs distribute traffic, the role of DNS and SOA in request routing, and how DNS‑based load balancing can improve availability and speed for high‑traffic websites.
This article examines the shortcomings of traditional single-point load balancing, explains how CDNs distribute traffic using DNS, details the DNS hierarchy and SOA mechanism, and shows practical steps to implement DNS-based load balancing with examples from GitHub and major DNS providers.
This article explains the concept, motivation, and basic workflow of Content Delivery Networks (CDN), showing how caching data near users reduces latency, eases origin server bandwidth pressure, and mitigates network congestion across multiple transmission layers.
This article curates key frontend topics—including Web3.0 debates, Serverless lightweight development, CDN design principles, content‑visibility versus lazyload, advanced TypeScript techniques, and user‑experience fundamentals—offering a concise overview for developers seeking to stay ahead of emerging trends.
This article explains the design and operation of an external resource manager that improves overseas e‑commerce service stability by employing CDN, local memory, and disk caches, detailing access methods, cache mechanisms, CDN configurations, and practical use cases such as Google Fonts and translation integration.
This article explains a step‑by‑step method for troubleshooting a web page that fails to load after entering its URL, covering network checks, DNS resolution, TCP/HTTP handshakes, status‑code analysis, and front‑end resource inspection to pinpoint issues such as blocked CDNs.
This article explains essential techniques for building high‑concurrency systems—including load balancing algorithms, microservice decomposition, caching strategies, database sharding, message‑queue integration, and CDN usage—to help engineers design scalable architectures and advance their careers.
The article recounts a real‑world CDN failure that broke the passjava.cn site, explains what a CDN is, and details step‑by‑step recovery actions—including downloading assets, using alternative storage, and refreshing a new CDN—to get the site back online.
This article explains why image resources dominate front‑end performance, describes how binary depth relates to color representation, compares common image formats (JPEG, PNG‑8/24, SVG, WebP, Base64), and provides practical techniques such as compression tools, CDN/OSS deployment, and lazy‑loading code to dramatically improve page load speed.
This guide walks through assigning a custom domain to a Function Compute‑hosted static blog, configuring Alibaba Cloud CDN as the acceleration layer, fixing Cache‑Control headers, and verifying cache hit improvements, providing step‑by‑step instructions and screenshots for each stage.
This article explains key high‑concurrency web concepts such as QPS, throughput, and response time, then details traffic and server optimizations, load‑balancing strategies (L4/L7, Nginx, LVS), CDN fundamentals, process/thread/coroutine models, asynchronous I/O, PHP Swoole concurrency, and database caching techniques for scalable backend systems.
The Poizon mobile app team reduced iOS and Android CDN request latency by up to 100 ms through adding regional edge nodes, upgrading to TLS 1.3, enabling OCSP stapling, and migrating traffic to HTTP/2, demonstrating that targeted CDN and protocol tweaks can deliver double‑digit performance gains with modest effort.
To keep community feeds smooth despite network or backend failures, the system employs multiple fallback mechanisms—including Redis‑cached recommendation pools, CDN‑mirrored response files, asynchronous content caching, specialized follow‑feed and outfit‑selection caches, detail‑page preloading, and fine‑grained monitoring with alerts—ensuring continuous scrolling and a better user experience.
This guide explains caching fundamentals, purposes, and optimal use cases, details hit rates and eviction policies such as FIFO, LRU, LFU, TTL/TTI, compares client‑side (HTTP, browser) and server‑side caches (CDN, Redis, Memcached), explores multi‑level architectures, common pitfalls like avalanche, penetration and breakdown, and best‑practice strategies including pre‑warming, update patterns, and consistency management.
This article explains the fundamentals of Content Delivery Networks (CDN), covering their history, DNS-based operation, global load balancing, caching mechanisms, typical use cases such as website and streaming acceleration, and the performance, cost, security, and operational benefits they provide.
A developer recounts a frustrating exchange with an Alibaba Cloud support engineer over missing images, explains why HTTPS CDN links failed, and shares a step‑by‑step workaround using HTTP links and OSS to restore image accessibility for GitHub‑hosted sites.
This article explains Meituan's Phoenix solution that moves CDN disaster recovery to the client side, detailing its goals, architecture, dynamic calculation service, monitoring platform, implementation for web and native apps, and the measurable improvements in availability and operational efficiency.
Meituan’s Phoenix solution equips web and native clients with an automatic CDN failover SDK, dynamic domain selection, and fine‑grained monitoring, dramatically improving resource loading success rates, reducing SRE workload, and ensuring high availability across millions of daily users.
Phoenix is Meituan’s client‑side CDN disaster‑recovery system that uses a Webpack‑based SDK, dynamic calculation service, and monitoring platform to automatically detect load failures, switch domains, isolate problems, and continuously hot‑standby resources, boosting resource success rates from 99.7 % to 99.9 % across hundreds of projects.
This article explains how front-end developers can directly download resources from CDN or object storage using HTML5's download attribute and JavaScript workarounds, addressing CORS limitations and providing code examples for implementation.
The article examines the recent Xi'an health‑code system failure, highlighting that the crash stemmed from backend design flaws such as serving all static assets without a CDN, excessive bandwidth demand exceeding 125 Gbps, and inefficient QR‑code API handling.
The article examines the repeated failures of the Xi'an health‑code platform, explaining that the root cause lies in serving all static assets (JS, CSS, images) from a single un‑CDN endpoint, which under peak load of 33 000 requests overwhelms the network bandwidth, leading to a crash.
A detailed post examines why the Xi’an health‑code service collapsed, showing that the lack of CDN for static assets and the resulting 125 Gbps bandwidth demand at 33 k QPS overwhelmed a single data‑center link, rather than any server‑side QR‑code generation issue.
This article explains why H5 pages still need performance attention in modern mobile‑first products and provides a detailed, Baidu‑cloud‑CDN based solution—including background, problem analysis, configuration steps, precautions, and measurable speed‑up results—for accelerating static assets such as CSS, JS, and images.
This article details a comprehensive front‑end performance optimization project that includes lazy loading, CDN deployment, domain consolidation, image format conversion with AVIF/webp, security‑header hardening, and bundle size reduction by replacing large Moment.js dependencies with Luxon, all validated through WebPageTest and Lighthouse metrics.
This article introduces three widely used system architecture designs—single‑database single‑application, content distribution with CDN/OSS, and read‑write separation with master‑slave databases and Elasticsearch—detailing their structures, advantages, disadvantages, and typical usage scenarios.
Netflix’s Open Connect CDN, a proprietary content‑delivery network built over a decade, strategically places millions of server copies close to ISPs, uses multiple bitrate replicas, and dynamically shifts content to flash storage, ensuring high‑quality streaming even during peak demand and network outages.
The article explains the typical live‑streaming architecture, its core modules, the impact of CDN integration, and three major challenges—video‑stream pressure, low‑latency interactive protocols, and high‑concurrency pulse traffic—while showing how Alibaba Cloud PTS can be used for realistic performance testing.
This article explains how to handle massive flash‑sale traffic by combining CDN edge services, distributed rate‑limiting, load‑balancing, authentication, caching, and task queues to ensure performance, prevent overselling, and maintain data consistency under extreme load.
Douyu’s senior streaming engineer Zhou Sha details the company’s self‑developed P2P solution, covering its background, architecture, key technologies such as sub‑streaming, WebRTC, data slicing, SDK design, and the strategies used to boost sharing rates and future roadmap.
The article examines the challenges of implementing flash‑sale (秒杀) functionality—such as time synchronization, bot prevention, and massive backend load—and presents two CDN‑centric architectural solutions, including probabilistic request routing and layered filtering with authentication, load balancing, rate limiting, and caching.
This article analyzes the challenges of implementing flash‑sale (秒杀) systems such as massive concurrent traffic, time synchronization, bot detection, and data consistency, and presents two distributed architectural solutions using CDN edge nodes, load balancing, rate limiting, caching, and backend scaling to handle millions of requests.
This article explains what a Content Delivery Network (CDN) is, why it is essential for reducing latency and improving user experience, describes its operational workflow—including DNS resolution, load balancing, and caching—and outlines the core technical components such as scheduling, cache, and security.
By upgrading Alibaba Cloud CDN from TLS 1.2 to TLS 1.3 and adding a Qiniu fallback, the DeWu app cut image and video loading latency by roughly 10‑15% on iOS and Android, eliminating the handshake bottleneck and enhancing security and user experience.
Youku’s engineering team introduced two Low‑Latency HLS solutions—an Apple‑based LHLS using HTTP/2 extensions and a community‑driven chunked‑transfer variant—while detailing latency sources in traditional HLS and presenting six protocol‑level optimizations that together reduce end‑to‑end live‑stream delay to under two seconds.
This article explains what a Content Delivery Network (CDN) is, how it resolves domain names, distributes content via edge nodes, manages caching and updates, and provides additional features such as secure protocols and protection, illustrating its evolution and impact on web performance.
Tencent Cloud's VP Li Cong explains how advanced traffic scheduling, resource orchestration, dynamic routing, and personalized "thousand‑faces" strategies enable CDN systems to locate the fastest nodes worldwide, boosting performance by up to 10% while enhancing security and preparing for next‑generation edge computing.
This article introduces the Jamstack architecture, compares it with traditional web stacks, and details how Douyin's e‑commerce 818 main‑hall performance optimization project applied Jamstack principles, CDN caching, API prefetching, and client‑side techniques to achieve faster, more scalable page delivery.
This article explains how to use GraphQL as a Backend‑for‑Frontend gateway on Alibaba Cloud EdgeRoutine, covering the migration of Apollo Server, TypeScript setup, CDN edge caching, resolver implementation, and adding a Playground debugger, with full code examples and deployment tips.
This article explains how ESM package distribution services convert npm packages to ESModule format, why such distribution is needed for modern browsers, the technical challenges involved, proposed solutions, and how these services can be combined with next‑generation unbundled development tools like Vite and Snowpack to dramatically speed up dependency installation and development server startup.
This article explains how to use GraphQL as a BFF gateway, migrate Apollo Server to Alibaba Cloud EdgeRoutine's serverless environment, implement CDN edge caching for query requests, and build a complete weather‑query demo with TypeScript, GraphQL SDL, resolvers, and Playground debugging.
This guide explains how to build a highly available, scalable architecture for supporting hundreds of millions of users, covering decoupling, redundancy, vertical and horizontal scaling, load balancing, database replication, sharding, caching, CDN, GeoDNS, and best practices for progressive system expansion.
The article explains what high concurrency means, outlines key performance metrics such as response time, throughput, QPS, TPS and concurrent users, and presents vertical and horizontal scaling techniques—including hardware upgrades, caching, load balancing, sharding, micro‑services, multithreading and CDN—to improve a system's ability to handle massive parallel requests.
The article provides an overview of ByteDance's massive data center infrastructure, detailing server quantities, total outbound bandwidth reaching several terabits, the role of dual‑link designs, and how CDN acceleration enables billions of users to access Douyin and related services smoothly.
This article explains the fundamentals of Content Delivery Networks (CDN), their caching and load‑balancing mechanisms, the value they bring to network traffic, and how Global Server Load Balancing (GSLB) techniques—based on DNS, HTTP redirects, and IP spoofing—select optimal server groups using geographic, load, and RTT strategies.
This article explains what Jamstack is, its modern front‑end workflow, benefits such as performance, security and scalability, common misconceptions, suitable use‑cases, and why hybrid rendering will become the next step for enterprise frameworks.
This article explains the fundamentals of Content Delivery Networks (CDN), their architecture, key functions, and principles, and then details Global Server Load Balancing (GSLB) techniques—including DNS‑based, HTTP‑redirect, and IP‑spoofing methods—along with server‑selection strategies and their advantages and drawbacks.
This article recounts how a Vue‑SSR e‑commerce site was repeatedly overloaded during three promotional phases and how the team applied static‑dynamic data separation, CDN integration, application‑level caching, auto‑degrade rendering, rate‑limited APIs, and hydration fixes to achieve stable high‑traffic performance.
This article explains the concepts, principles, functions, and service models of Content Delivery Networks (CDN) and details various Global Server Load Balancing (GSLB) techniques—including DNS‑based, HTTP‑redirect, and IP‑spoofing methods—along with their advantages, disadvantages, and server‑selection strategies.
In this article, a programmer recounts the recent Bilibili outage, analyzes its timeline, proposes technical root‑cause hypotheses such as CDN failure and service‑chain avalanche, shares insights from the platform’s high‑availability architecture, and outlines preventive techniques for building more resilient backend systems.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Content Delivery Networks (CDN), explaining their definition, core principles, key functionalities, service models, and the mechanisms of global server load balancing (GSLB) including DNS‑based, HTTP‑redirect, and IP‑spoofing approaches, along with common selection strategies.
This article explains how to design a flash‑sale (秒杀) system that can handle massive traffic spikes by using static page CDN caching, gateway request interception, Redis inventory control, asynchronous order processing, and thorough business, deployment, and data isolation to ensure high performance and stability without affecting regular services.
This article explains the challenges of flash‑sale traffic spikes and presents a multi‑layered backend architecture—using CDN‑cached static pages, read‑write split Redis, Lua scripts for atomic stock deduction, and Redis‑based message queues—to achieve high concurrency, stability, and fairness.
ByteDance’s data centers, including Douyin’s, operate with terabit‑level outbound bandwidth, housing up to hundreds of thousands of servers across China and abroad; the article breaks down server counts, total export bandwidth, CDN acceleration, and the network designs that enable billions of daily video streams.
The article examines how ByteDance, Douyin, TikTok and other Chinese tech giants operate massive data centers with terabit‑level outbound bandwidth, millions of servers, and extensive CDN and load‑balancing architectures to support hundreds of millions of concurrent users.
This article examines the technical challenges of massive e‑commerce live streams, explains why traditional streaming suffers from high latency, and details Huawei Cloud's low‑latency architecture, protocols, intelligent scheduling and ultra‑fast transcoding that enable sub‑second product link delivery to millions of viewers.
This article explains how Douyin (TikTok) and its parent companies operate massive data centers with tens of thousands of servers and multi‑terabit outbound bandwidth, using dual‑link designs, CDN acceleration, and load‑balancing to support hundreds of millions of concurrent users.
The article explores how TikTok (Douyin) and its parent company ByteDance operate massive data centers with terabit‑level outbound bandwidth, thousands of servers, CDN acceleration, and multi‑link designs to support hundreds of millions of concurrent users, detailing server counts, bandwidth estimates, and the underlying networking technologies.
The article examines ByteDance's massive data‑center infrastructure, detailing server counts, multi‑terabit outbound bandwidth, dual‑link designs, CDN acceleration, and comparisons with other Chinese tech giants, illustrating how such scale enables seamless video streaming for hundreds of millions of daily users.
This article examines ByteDance’s self‑built data centers, estimating server counts, total outbound bandwidth reaching several terabytes, and the role of CDN acceleration and multi‑link designs that enable billions of users to stream video smoothly.
iMove, a reusable, function‑oriented JavaScript library, adds right‑click online code execution to its visual workflow, eliminating installation, simplifying testing with mock inputs, handling ES module imports via native browser support, CDN transforms, dynamic imports, and custom events to deliver instant, visual results.
This article explains how to build highly available stateless services by using redundant deployment, vertical and horizontal scaling, various load‑balancing algorithms, high‑concurrency metrics, and CDN/OSS techniques to ensure reliability and performance in modern architectures.
The article details the step‑by‑step architectural evolution of a cloud classroom replay generation platform, from a quick third‑party‑based implementation to a self‑developed, CDN‑integrated solution that now reliably produces nearly 90,000 class videos daily while reducing cost and operational complexity.
This article examines the massive scale of ByteDance’s data centers, detailing server counts, outbound bandwidth estimates, dual‑link designs, and the role of CDN acceleration in delivering smooth video experiences to hundreds of millions of daily users.
To prevent page failures and white‑screen errors, the team built a front‑end SDK that fetches fallback data from OSS + CDN, offers configurable black/white‑list rules, lightweight validation, and a visual backend, cutting error rates from over 8% to 0.55% and dramatically improving interface stability.
To dramatically improve page load speed, first diagnose whether slowness stems from client network, DNS, or server bottlenecks, then apply solutions such as scaling servers, optimizing TCP settings, enabling HTTP/2/QUIC, compressing assets, and most cost-effectively integrating a CDN for global edge caching and compression.
The article explains why accessing Zhihu with its raw IP address is blocked while domain access works, covering CDN sharing, the importance of hostnames, and how the TLS SNI extension lets servers identify the intended website before establishing a connection.
This case study details the massive traffic and rich interactive challenges faced by Kuaishou's 2021 New Year web event, analyzes resource download, host performance, and CDN dependencies, and presents tiered preloading, offline‑package splitting, dynamic animation degradation, and domain‑sharding solutions to ensure stability.
This article explains how to build highly available stateless services by using redundant deployment, vertical and horizontal scaling, various load‑balancing algorithms, and automatic recovery mechanisms, while also covering monitoring, high‑concurrency identification, and the role of CDN and OSS in resilient architecture.
This article examines the limitations of traditional CDN infrastructures, explains how edge CDN and virtual CDN (vCDN) address scalability and flexibility challenges, compares their technical and business advantages, and explores emerging edge business models that could reshape the future of content delivery.
This article introduces five cutting‑edge solutions for modern web development: an Addon‑based Node.js performance monitoring and fault‑location tool, the full‑stack Midway Hooks framework for zero‑API backend development, the ultra‑fast AirpackCDN component delivery network, the visual‑oriented iMove JavaScript framework, and the versatile SSR framework 5.0 supporting both React and Vue.
The article compares the popular audio‑social platform Clubhouse with the high‑performance analytical database ClickHouse, explaining why their names cause confusion, outlining Clubhouse’s product features and growth drivers, and detailing ClickHouse’s column‑store architecture, scalability, and the supporting RTC, CDN, AI, and security technologies.
This article explores practical techniques for combining CDN and Alibaba Cloud OSS to achieve efficient static resource delivery, high cache hit rates, global acceleration, and multi‑region synchronization in modern frontend development.
This article explains how CocoaPods Core manages Spec repositories, including the structure and initialization of Source, Metadata handling, shard-based indexing, version resolution, CDN migration, and the mechanisms for updating and searching PodSpecs across Git and CDN sources.
This article explores how leveraging Alibaba Cloud's EdgeRoutine for Edge Side Rendering (ESR) and streaming rendering can dramatically reduce first‑screen latency, improve cache hit rates, and boost page load metrics during high‑traffic events like Double‑11.
This article shares a front‑end engineer’s practical experience optimizing Vue SSR for a rapidly growing medical platform, covering background, SSR pros and cons, conventional and deep‑level caching strategies, CDN integration, network tuning, and the trade‑offs of each approach.
In an interview, ByteDance edge‑computing architect Zhou Chaoyong explains how CDN and storage architectures have evolved with rising data demands, predicts NVMe's dominance in the storage market, and previews his upcoming SACC 2020 talk on high‑performance XFS storage systems.
