Spring Cloud 2020.0.3, released on May 28, 2021, brings a series of bug fixes, new configuration properties, and upgraded dependencies across modules such as Commons, Config, Consul, Kubernetes, CircuitBreaker, Netflix, OpenFeign, Sleuth, and more, now available on Maven Central.
This guide demonstrates how to deploy Apache Zookeeper on Kubernetes using three approaches—StatefulSet, a custom Operator, and KUDO—covering configuration files, command‑line steps, scaling procedures, and verification, enabling elastic, high‑availability service discovery in cloud‑native environments.
This article compares Apache Pulsar and Apache Kafka across performance, architecture, features, and real‑world use cases, highlighting Pulsar’s multi‑layer design, scalability, client language support, ecosystem integrations, and operational advantages while providing detailed analysis of storage, messaging models, and community resources.
This article walks through a cloud-native approach to collect Kubernetes container logs using Fluentd and forward them to Loki, covering why Fluentd is chosen, required plugins, Docker log handling, multi-worker configuration, metadata filtering, label customization, and Loki output settings.
This article explains how to allocate CPU and memory to containers and Pods in Kubernetes, covers ResourceQuota and LimitRange mechanisms, provides practical YAML examples, and lists useful tools for monitoring and enforcing resource constraints.
This article explains Kubernetes' controller pattern, detailing how declarative APIs, controllers like ReplicaSet, and components such as Reflector, Informer, and Indexer work together to achieve automated, self‑healing cluster operations and illustrate the benefits of declarative over imperative programming.
This article explains the three main roles of API gateways—API management, cluster ingress, and gateway patterns—defines what an API is, compares gateways with service meshes, and provides examples of implementations to help architects choose the right solution for cloud‑native environments.
OpenKruise v0.9.0 introduces a pod‑level container restart API, cascade‑deletion protection, new CloneSet capabilities such as deletion‑cost ordering, image pre‑download for in‑place updates, pod‑replacement strategies, partition‑based rollback, short‑hash labels, and a SidecarSet hot‑upgrade mechanism, all aimed at improving cloud‑native workload reliability and upgrade flexibility.
This article explains the rationale behind Kubernetes' decision to remove Dockershim, outlines the role of the Container Runtime Interface (CRI), compares Docker's feature set with CRI requirements, and discusses the impact on extensibility and future container runtimes.
This article explains how to install and configure Harbor, an open‑source CNCF‑hosted cloud‑native Docker registry, covering its authentication mechanism, Helm‑based deployment on Kubernetes, required prerequisites, TLS handling, and practical steps for pushing and pulling container images.
Baidu iFanFan migrated all its Java‑based services to a native Kubernetes + Istio service mesh within three months, replacing fragmented, manual governance with automated rate‑limiting, canary releases, chaos testing and observability, which cut governance cycles from months to minutes, reduced CI time by ~20 % and dramatically improved system stability and multi‑cloud readiness.
This article details Qunar's adoption of Calico as a CNI solution, covering its three‑layer architecture, core components, large‑scale deployment practices, IPAM behavior, pod‑to‑pod and pod‑to‑external traffic flows, encountered issues, and the overall benefits for a production Kubernetes environment.
Gaode’s new serverless/FaaS platform, built on Alibaba Cloud Function Compute with custom C++, Go, and Node.js runtimes, now processes over 100 000 QPS, enabling a unified client‑cloud codebase, rapid feature iteration, automatic scaling and cost savings, while supporting extensive monitoring, Dapr integration, and future edge‑computing enhancements.
This article explains the advantages of using Dockerfiles for image building, outlines key principles such as single responsibility, commenting, minimalism, proper base image selection, .dockerignore usage, cache optimization, and timezone configuration, and provides a practical example Dockerfile to improve build speed and image size.
This article explains what cloud‑native architecture is, why it is essential for modern SaaS businesses, and provides a step‑by‑step guide—including maturity models, serverless migration, namespace and application setup, load‑balancer binding, service/configuration centers, elasticity, observability, resilience, and automation—using Alibaba Cloud SAE and MSE services.
This article, based on a Volcano Engine developer community meetup, explains how a self‑developed Service Mesh provides unified traffic management for TikTok’s massive Spring Festival Red Packet event, covering architecture, stability, security, and efficiency strategies across multi‑language microservices in complex environments.
This article details the billing group's challenges with single‑node MySQL, the evaluation of alternative databases such as TiDB and CockroachDB, performance testing, migration strategies, operational best practices, and the final decision to adopt TiDB for scalable, high‑availability data services.
This article explains the evolution of cloud native practices—from Docker containerization and Kubernetes orchestration to service mesh technologies—highlights Alibaba Cloud's strategic commitment, and introduces a comprehensive 14‑chapter handbook that guides readers through core Kubernetes concepts, configuration management, and networking strategies.
Xianyu introduced a containerized page protocol and cloud platform that adds a fourth Container layer to its Page‑Section‑Component model, enabling dynamic, low‑code page adjustments, traffic splitting, AB testing, and robust disaster‑recovery through multi‑level caching, thereby cutting development effort and accelerating new business page rollout.
This article explains what a cluster image is, compares it with single‑machine setups, introduces Alibaba's open‑source Sealer tool, and provides step‑by‑step commands and examples for building, running, and managing Kubernetes cluster images across various environments.
The article reflects on Java's 25‑year dominance, its ecosystem strengths, and the mounting pressure from cloud‑native requirements for lightweight, fast‑starting, low‑resource services, arguing that Java must evolve or risk being displaced by newer languages like Go and Rust.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of microservices, explaining their definition, core characteristics, advantages and drawbacks, suitable organizational contexts, and the essential technical components such as service discovery, API gateways, configuration centers, communication protocols, monitoring, circuit breaking, and container orchestration platforms.
This article explains the background of containers, compares Docker and Kubernetes, details the deprecation of Docker's dockershim in Kubernetes v1.20, outlines the impact on developers and operators, and provides practical steps for migrating to OCI‑compatible runtimes.
This article presents a high‑availability Jenkins distributed architecture that leverages master‑slave deployment, label‑based node management, Kubernetes containerization, and LVS load‑balancing to address resource constraints, configuration complexity, and maintenance overhead in large‑scale CI pipelines.
This article examines the background, design principles, high‑availability techniques, extensibility, and future roadmap of Meituan’s internally built Shepherd API gateway, showing how it streamlines microservice API management, improves developer productivity, and evolves toward a cloud‑native architecture.
This article reviews the seven‑year evolution of Ctrip's microservice service‑registry from manual data maintenance through an etcd‑based solution to the self‑developed Artemis system, detailing its architecture, consistent‑hash data partitioning, high‑availability design, and second‑level instance up/down mechanisms.
The CNCF 2020 China Cloud Native Survey of 439 participants reveals rapid growth in serverless adoption, a surge in container and Kubernetes usage, expanding service mesh deployment, and increasing reliance on open‑source automation tools, highlighting China’s emerging role as a major CNCF contributor.
Learn how to configure kube-eventer to capture Kubernetes Warning and Normal events, use multiple webhook sinks and ConfigMaps to send detailed alerts to enterprise WeChat groups, tag responsible users, and customize request bodies for effective cluster monitoring and rapid issue resolution.
This comprehensive guide walks you through Docker's core concepts, installation on multiple operating systems, image handling, container lifecycle commands, building web services with Apache, Nginx, Python and MySQL, and advanced monitoring techniques using cAdvisor, Prometheus, Grafana, and Kubernetes, providing practical examples and command‑line snippets for each step.
The Imazon platform unifies Baidu’s image acquisition, feature extraction, and ANN‑based multimodal retrieval into a cloud‑native, real‑time pipeline that ingests billions of images daily, optimizes storage and GPU usage, reduces message‑queue costs, and ensures high‑throughput, low‑latency search across text, visual, and voice queries.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Kubernetes, covering its architecture, master and node components, pod lifecycle, health probes, rolling updates, image pull policies, services, label selectors, DaemonSets, Jobs, and data persistence methods, with practical YAML examples and command snippets.
Vineyard, an open‑source distributed memory data‑sharing engine, tackles the inefficiencies of traditional file‑system based big‑data pipelines by enabling zero‑copy, in‑memory object exchange, Kubernetes‑aware scheduling, and plug‑in operators, delivering up to 1.34× faster end‑to‑end execution.
After three years of operating a multi‑data‑center Kubernetes platform for millions of devices, we share hard‑won lessons on Java container compatibility, upgrade strategies, build‑pipeline redesign, probe tuning, and external IP handling that can guide any large‑scale cloud‑native deployment.
The Volcano Engine Developer Community’s May 15 online Meetup showcased four technical sessions—Service Mesh traffic management, distributed databases, mobile file distribution, and IaaS virtualization—detailing how Douyin’s Spring Festival red‑packet event handled massive traffic and ensured high performance.
The 2021 Container Network Technology Conference celebrated Kube-OVN’s anniversary, showcasing its mature multi‑tenant, cross‑cluster, and hardware‑accelerated networking features, outlining a roadmap focused on performance, eBPF‑based security and monitoring, and highlighting real‑world deployments with partners such as Intel, F5, banks and telecom operators.
This article examines the explosive growth of IoT data, outlines the unique challenges of storing and querying massive time‑series datasets, reviews the evolution of time‑series databases, and explains how Alibaba Cloud's Lindorm TSDB leverages cloud‑native, multi‑model architecture to deliver high‑throughput, low‑cost, and scalable solutions for IoT, industrial and monitoring workloads.
The article outlines the evolution from traditional code repositories to a code‑as‑service model, describing how pipeline‑as‑code, machine‑as‑code, server‑cluster‑as‑code and infrastructure‑as‑code (Jenkins, Docker, Kubernetes, Terraform) enable cloud‑native development, DevOps automation, and platform‑centric R&D ecosystems.
This article explains how to scale Kubernetes clusters and applications using tools like Cluster Autoscaler, Virtual Kubelet, HPA, VPA, and especially KEDA, while showcasing Alibaba Cloud EDAS's integration and future AI‑driven autoscaling enhancements.
This article presents a comprehensive set of Docker and Kubernetes multiple‑choice questions, including single‑ and multiple‑answer formats, to help readers self‑evaluate their containerization knowledge and identify areas for further study in the field.
The 2020 CAICT whitepaper collection analyzes China’s rapidly growing cloud‑native market, clarifies its definition, outlines the ecosystem across five major categories, presents 2020 market size and adoption statistics, and introduces a new security framework to address emerging risks.
This article explains what DevSecOps is, why integrating security into DevOps is essential in fast‑paced software delivery, outlines its key characteristics and benefits, and provides practical guidance on organizational, process, and tooling practices—including CI/CD pipelines and open‑source security tools.
Fluid is an open‑source cloud‑native data orchestration and acceleration system that runs on Kubernetes, offering storage‑agnostic datasets, distributed caching, intelligent scheduling, and performance optimizations for data‑intensive AI and big‑data workloads.
This comprehensive guide walks beginners through Kubernetes fundamentals, explaining the architecture, core objects such as Pods, Deployments, Services, and Ingress, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for configuring kubectl, deploying resources, managing updates, and troubleshooting common issues.
The article explains why Kubernetes is notoriously difficult to use, detailing four main pain points—complex initial setup, confusing YAML syntax, copy‑paste pitfalls, and hard debugging—and then offers practical suggestions to make the platform more approachable.
This article demystifies Kubernetes by explaining its core scheduling function, the role of Pods, YAML configuration, probes, high‑availability constructs like ReplicaSet and Deployment, internal components, resource limits, and practical cluster‑setup tools, providing a comprehensive guide for newcomers and practitioners alike.
This article explains how ByteDance's private cloud platform TCE leverages Kubernetes deployments, oversubscription, elastic scaling, and mixed online‑offline resource sharing to dramatically improve cluster resource utilization while maintaining service stability during traffic peaks and valleys.
This article explains why 5xx errors occur during service upgrades, describes the container and pod lifecycle in Kubernetes, and provides practical smooth‑upgrade techniques—including traffic routing, readiness probes, preStop scripts, and exec‑based entrypoints—to achieve lossless deployments for web and micro‑services.
At iQIYI’s April 10 technical salon, experts detailed the company’s private‑cloud serverless journey—from early adoption of Oracle’s Fn for FaaS, through the creation of the Airworkflow engine for event‑driven orchestration, to plans for an internal Dev App Store that eases integration and highlights the distinct needs of private‑cloud environments.
This article explains Calico’s IPIP networking mode in Kubernetes, detailing its architecture, core components, routing behavior, packet encapsulation, and practical verification through ping tests, route inspection, and packet captures, helping readers understand cross‑node pod communication.
This article explains how Loki, a lightweight, Prometheus‑compatible logging system, addresses the high resource cost, complexity, and operational overhead of traditional ELK/EFK stacks by using label‑based indexing, efficient compression, and scalable architecture for container‑cloud environments.
ChaosBlade, Alibaba’s open‑source chaos engineering project now advancing through CNCF Sandbox, offers a comprehensive suite—including the chaosblade experiment tool and chaosblade‑box platform—to simulate over 200 scenarios across hosts, Kubernetes, and multi‑language applications, with automated deployment, extensible architecture, and enterprise adoption examples.
This article introduces the growing family of k*s projects—k0s, k1s, k3s, k9s, k14s and more—explaining their origins, key features, and how they differ from the mainstream Kubernetes distribution, offering a concise guide for cloud‑native developers.
This article explains how to use container orchestration platforms such as Kubernetes, Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS), and Helm to manage, scale, and deploy microservice‑based applications across multiple containers and hosts, ensuring high availability and production‑ready operations.
This article examines Calico’s IPIP networking mode in Kubernetes, detailing its architecture, core components, IPIP vs BGP operation, route analysis, packet‑capture findings, and pod‑to‑service communication to illustrate how IP encapsulation facilitates cross‑node traffic.
This article presents JuiceFS, an open‑source cloud‑native distributed file system that addresses the limitations of object storage for big‑data and AI workloads by providing strong consistency, high‑performance metadata, multi‑protocol support, small‑file management, and deep Kubernetes integration.
The inaugural Techo TVP Developer Summit in Shenzhen gathered over 500 developers to explore the latest trends in databases, distributed systems, big data, and cloud‑native technologies, offering expert analyses, real‑world case studies, and career guidance for data professionals.
This guide details a complete GitLab‑based CI/CD workflow that starts with issue and milestone creation, defines feature‑branch pipelines, builds and tests Java applications, performs code analysis, creates Docker images, and deploys to Kubernetes with controlled pipeline triggers and rollback strategies.
This article explains what a CI/CD pipeline is, why it is essential for DevOps, outlines its standard stages, discusses implementation steps and tool‑selection principles, highlights current cloud‑native trends, and warns against common anti‑patterns that can hinder continuous delivery.
This guide explains how Alibaba Cloud's ACK Cloud Controller Manager now supports attaching both in‑cluster nodes and external ECS instances to the same CLB backend, enabling smooth traffic migration, canary releases, and multi‑cluster high‑availability with step‑by‑step instructions and code examples.
From its 2016 debut to the present, Baidu’s Fengjing APM system has evolved through four major releases—moving from invasive jar‑based probes to non‑invasive bytecode agents, adding modular hot‑swap plugins, scaling to thousands of containers, handling billions of daily metrics via Kafka, Doris, and SIA TSDB, while solving probe upgrade downtime, data‑ingestion volume, and call‑graph query latency.
This article reviews Nacos' evolution from its 1.x architecture—highlighting its five-layer design and service discovery issues—to the 2.0 version that introduces long‑connection RPC, a new client‑centric model, and improved performance, while also outlining upcoming roadmap plans.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Dubbo Java RPC framework, covering its historical evolution, protocol design, registry and clustering mechanisms, extensibility via SPI, generic invocation, and upcoming cloud‑native and reactive programming developments.
Meituan’s Nest Serverless platform, built on native Kubernetes with Knative‑inspired components, delivers elastic scaling, rapid cold‑start reduction, multi‑region high availability, and integrated developer tools, enabling higher resource utilization, lower costs, and up to 40 % faster development across diverse business scenarios.
This article introduces a selection of Alibaba‑open‑source developer tools—including Arthas, Cloud Toolkit, ChaosBlade, ARMS, Docsite, Freeline, PTS, KT, AHAS, EasyExcel, HandyJSON, EDAS Serverless, Druid, and Dragonwell—detailing their purpose, typical usage scenarios, tutorials, and where to obtain them, helping developers improve efficiency and reliability across various technology stacks.
This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of Docker’s client‑server architecture, detailing the roles of Docker Client, Daemon, Engine, Jobs, Registry, Graph, drivers, Libcontainer, and how they work together to create and run isolated containers.
This article explores the definition, evolution, and recent technical upgrades of Serverless computing, highlights Alibaba Cloud's journey and challenges such as vendor lock‑in and workflow shifts, and outlines future opportunities across e‑commerce, AI, gaming, and IoT.
Learn a systematic approach to diagnosing Kubernetes core component issues by identifying faulty nodes, analyzing logs via systemd or static pods, and leveraging Go's pprof tool for performance profiling, including step‑by‑step commands and UI visualizations for components like kube‑apiserver, scheduler, controller‑manager, and kubelet.
This article introduces Prometheus fundamentals, its architecture and metric types, then walks through a complete Kubernetes deployment—including namespace, RBAC, ConfigMap, and various exporters—showing how to collect metrics, configure alerts, and visualize data with Grafana, while highlighting limitations and future improvements.
This article presents Dada Group's comprehensive approach to elastic capacity management and automated scaling, detailing the challenges faced during traffic spikes, the design of a cloud‑native auto‑scaler, multi‑metric observability, decision‑making logic, execution mechanisms, extreme scaling practices, and future optimization directions.
This article introduces Loki, Grafana’s lightweight, horizontally scalable log aggregation system, compares it with the EFK stack, explains Promtail, LogQL query language, alerting, and how Loki integrates with Grafana and Prometheus for unified metrics and logs, highlighting its low‑resource, cloud‑native advantages.
This guide explains why KubeVela documentation needs Chinese translation, outlines the community‑organized translation activity, and provides detailed preparation steps, task workflow, local build commands, PR submission, review process, and final merge instructions for contributors.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Docker’s overall architecture and detailed analysis of its core components—including client, daemon, engine, registry, graph database, drivers, and libcontainer—explaining how they interact to manage containers, images, networking, and execution within a cloud‑native environment.
In this presentation, JD Cloud’s Director He Yuzhi explores how DevOps practices can overcome the complexities of modern IT infrastructure, detailing strategies for cloud‑native adoption, efficient development workflows, and the transformation of operations in the era of rapid digital change.
Alibaba’s Light Store team leveraged internal Serverless platforms to redesign their front‑end development workflow, introducing a sidecar‑and‑bottle architecture, unified FaaS SDK, and a layered service model that together accelerate development, reduce coordination costs, and enhance system stability across multiple business domains.
This article recounts Alibaba's year‑long Service Mesh journey, highlighting how the team shifted from large‑scale rollout to delivering incremental business value, adopted non‑intrusive sidecar designs, integrated Dubbo 3.0, and applied software‑lifecycle thinking to create scalable, low‑overhead traffic management solutions.
Kubernetes 1.21, the first 2021 release, introduces 51 enhancements—including stable CronJobs, immutable Secrets and ConfigMaps, IPv4/IPv6 dual‑stack, graceful node shutdown, a PersistentVolume health monitor, and several deprecations—while simplifying the build process and offering new download options.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Kubernetes architecture, covering container operations, core components, multi‑center deployment models, service discovery methods, pod resource sharing, CNI plugins, load‑balancing layers, isolation dimensions, network principles, and IP address classifications.
Learn how to quickly create and launch a DingTalk meeting‑room reservation H5 application in just five minutes using Alibaba Cloud’s cloud‑native serverless platform, covering registration, template selection, configuration, deployment, and publishing steps with Java and CloudIDE.
This article explains Nacos's service discovery model, including its multi‑layer namespace‑group‑service‑cluster‑instance structure, practical code examples for registering services and instances, customization options, isolation strategies, and both pull and push discovery mechanisms for robust microservice architectures.
KubeVela, an open‑source programmable cloud‑native application platform built on OAM and Kubernetes, transforms traditional PaaS limitations by using CUE templates to define modular capabilities, integrates Helm, supports multi‑cluster deployments, and enables self‑service delivery, making application shipping faster and more flexible.
Baidu’s MEG platform team outlines the step‑by‑step cloud‑native migration of its massive search and recommendation services, focusing on resource utilization, development efficiency, service design standards, dynamic management, and future declarative architecture, while sharing concrete metrics, standards, and lessons learned.
This article demonstrates how to build a MySQL master‑slave replication cluster on Kubernetes by leveraging StatefulSet for stateful pod management, local persistent volumes for storage, and a series of YAML manifests and commands to configure storage classes, PVs, ConfigMaps, Secrets, Services, and the StatefulSet itself, while also showing how to verify replication and scale the replica set.
This article explains how to deploy a PyFlink feature platform on Kubernetes, covering basic K8s concepts, Flink execution graphs, various deployment modes, preparation steps, detailed Standalone and Native deployment procedures, and practical tips for efficient big‑data processing.
Prometheus, favored for cloud‑native monitoring, is deployed at G‑Bank using the Prometheus Operator and CRDs to automate service discovery, rule management, and alerting, while addressing performance limits, metric accuracy, storage strategies, and closed‑loop monitoring to achieve scalable, distributed observability.
This article explains how TSF Mesh adapts Istio’s service‑mesh architecture to run both containerized and virtual‑machine workloads, detailing the modifications for sidecar injection, traffic hijacking, and service registration/discovery, and showing the underlying modules and code changes required.
This guide explains the design and implementation of RocketMQ‑Exporter, walks through setting up RocketMQ, compiling and running the exporter, configuring Prometheus to scrape its metrics, defining alert rules, and visualizing data with Grafana for a complete DevOps monitoring solution.
This guide walks through installing required tools, configuring Postfix, adding the GitLab repository, installing GitLab CE on a Kubernetes master, adjusting default ports in GitLab’s configuration files, reloading the setup, and accessing the service via a web browser.
This article explains the evolution from monolithic to distributed, SOA, and microservice architectures, defines microservices, and provides a detailed overview of Spring Cloud’s core components such as Eureka, Ribbon, Feign, Hystrix, Zuul, Gateway, Config, Bus, OAuth2, and Sleuth.
This article explains Knative’s traffic‑driven autoscaling and gray‑release capabilities, detailing the request flow architecture, the roles of Service, Configuration, Route and Revision, and walks through built‑in scaling strategies such as KPA, HPA, scheduled‑HPA, event‑gateway and custom plugins, with practical examples.
This article explains how to build highly available stateless services by covering redundant deployment, load‑balancing algorithms, vertical and horizontal scaling, CDN/OSS usage, and practical recommendations for monitoring, automated recovery, and minimizing failure impact.
This article details RocketMQ's 2020 Double‑11 transformation, covering its migration to a Kubernetes‑based operator, a MessageType‑indexed filter optimization that cut CPU usage by up to 32%, and the introduction of a POP consumption model that eliminates rebalance‑induced latency and improves reliability.
This article explains how the open‑source Fluid project addresses the inefficiencies of data‑intensive AI and big‑data workloads in cloud‑native Kubernetes environments by introducing a data‑centric abstraction, dual orchestration mechanisms, and seamless integration with Alluxio to achieve faster, secure, and scalable data access.
The China Cloud Computing Industry Development White Paper analyzes the rapid growth of cloud services, detailing the industry chain, domestic chip initiatives, major cloud providers, database and cloud‑native advancements, and outlines strategic recommendations for autonomous, secure, and high‑quality cloud development in China.
Meituan's elastic scaling system evolved from Hulk 1.0 on OpenStack to Hulk 2.0 on Kubernetes, adding micro‑services, quota management, hybrid‑cloud pools, and automated scheduling, thereby delivering cost savings, high‑availability handling of holiday peaks, delivery spikes, anti‑scraping needs, and SaaS releases, while future plans target stability, usability, and emerging technologies.
The article explains how Serverless is becoming the default cloud programming model, outlines the observability challenges it introduces, and details Alibaba Cloud Function Compute's evolution from basic logging to a comprehensive, open‑source‑compatible monitoring platform.
This article explains how UCloud's Serverless container product Cube integrates Virtual Kubelet with Kubernetes, why kube-proxy is unsuitable for lightweight serverless VMs, and how an eBPF‑based Rust proxy (cproxy) provides efficient service discovery and superior performance across different service scales.
This guide explains how to use Ingress‑Nginx 0.21+ Canary annotations to perform blue‑green, canary, and A/B testing deployments on Kubernetes, covering annotation syntax, priority rules, and step‑by‑step examples with weight‑based, header‑based, and cookie‑based traffic splitting.
API gateways serve as unified entry points for Open API platforms, microservice architectures, and internal applications, enabling access control, traffic management, and service governance; the article examines their roles, deployment scenarios, competitive alternatives, and criteria for selecting suitable open‑source, cloud, or self‑built solutions.
The article reviews eight major DevOps trends expected in 2021—including infrastructure automation, application release orchestration, evolving toolchains, DevSecOps, APM, cloud‑management platforms, AgileOps, and chaos engineering—while also offering the author’s own forecasts for how DevOps, CI/CD, cloud‑native, AI, and people‑centric practices will shape the industry in the coming years.
This guide provides a comprehensive collection of Docker commands for inspecting container information, managing images (listing, searching, pulling, removing, building), and operating containers (starting, stopping, attaching, executing commands, viewing logs, inspecting, committing, and copying files) with practical examples.
