Envoy 1.15 introduces a Postgres filter that transparently parses the PostgreSQL wire protocol, extracts rich metrics without any server‑side changes, and exports them to Prometheus, while outlining its design goals, current capabilities, usage steps, limitations, and future roadmap.
Xianyu’s zero‑downtime upgrade strategy for its multi‑microservice search stack combines rigorous forward/backward compatibility checks, batch‑wise stateless updates, careful stateful migrations via hot‑updates or dual‑write sync, robust service‑discovery traffic control, and Alibaba‑style monitoring, gray‑release testing, and rapid rollback to ensure uninterrupted service.
The article examines the limitations of traditional Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) such as environment inconsistency, learning cost, and vendor lock‑in, and explains how supporting container images in serverless platforms addresses these issues while improving portability, CI/CD integration, cold‑start performance, and hybrid deployment scenarios.
This guide explains how to expand a Kubernetes cluster with an additional master node, configure nginx load balancing, set up leader election for core components, and verify high‑availability operation through testing, providing step‑by‑step commands and configuration files.
This article explores how Alibaba's Xianyu marketplace transformed its massive C2C platform by adopting cloud‑native and serverless technologies, detailing the motivations, phased implementation, technical challenges, and future considerations that enabled rapid development, reduced operational costs, and improved scalability.
This article explores how traditional CDN infrastructure can be transformed into a large‑scale edge computing platform, covering architectural layers, cloud‑edge collaboration, container‑based deployment with Kubernetes, emerging technologies such as programmable CDN, secure containers, and practical Q&A from real‑world implementations.
This article explains the need for chaos engineering in modern distributed and cloud‑native systems, outlines the challenges faced by architects, developers, testers and product teams, and provides step‑by‑step guidance on using ChaosBlade and Alibaba's AHAS platform for effective fault‑injection experiments.
This tutorial walks through deploying the Ceph‑CSI driver version 3.1.0 on a Kubernetes cluster using RBD as persistent storage, covering environment setup, Ceph pool and user creation, ConfigMap and Secret configuration, RBAC, CSI sidecar deployment, storage class definition, and a complete end‑to‑end test with PVC and pod.
This article examines Eastern Securities' transition to a microservice architecture by detailing the design, implementation, and performance of its gRPC‑Nebula service‑governance framework and the Star‑Chen platform, covering challenges such as heterogeneous interfaces, service registration, load balancing, fault tolerance, traffic control, multi‑registry support, and real‑world deployment results.
This tutorial walks through installing Docker, configuring remote access, creating a Spring Boot project, writing the necessary Dockerfile and Maven settings, building the image, and running the container, demonstrating how IDEA, Spring Boot, and Docker combine to simplify Java web deployment.
This article explains how to define and execute performance testing workflows for Kubernetes using declarative YAML files, covering the design of custom CRDs, task orchestration, example manifests, and the implementation of core operations and monitoring.
This article details CTrip's journey from its early .Net‑based ESB architecture through a self‑developed Java microservice framework to the current CDubbo platform, covering registration, monitoring, dynamic configuration, protocol compatibility, performance gains, extensibility, and future Service Mesh integration.
The article outlines dubbogo's five‑year evolution, its milestone‑driven roadmap, the launch of dubbo-go-proxy, community recruitment, management practices, tooling, code‑quality measures, and future challenges, providing a comprehensive view of this Go‑based backend framework.
Alibaba’s large‑scale Service Mesh deployment faces challenges such as smooth technology evolution, business‑technical balance, technical debt, massive sidecar operations, and scaling, which it addresses through staged architecture evolution, traffic‑transparent interception, hot upgrades, and open‑source contributions to Istio and Envoy.
This article details the Midway Serverless framework's cloud‑native, React‑Hooks‑inspired approach to backend development, covering Alibaba's Node.js serverless landscape, the framework's architecture, new integrated development model, functional R&D features, and future open‑source plans.
This talk walks through Alibaba's Node.js Serverless landscape, introduces the Midway Serverless framework and its new cloud‑integrated development model, and details its functional R&D, hook‑based APIs, performance optimizations, and real‑world adoption, highlighting future open‑source plans.
This article details Eastern Securities' journey from monolithic systems to a microservice architecture, describing the design and implementation of the gRPC-Nebula service governance framework and the Starry Service Governance Platform, their technical features, performance tests, multi‑language support, and the practical outcomes of the digital transformation.
This article explains how to implement graceful up‑ and down‑scaling for Spring Cloud applications running on Kubernetes, covering design principles, signal handling, resource cleanup, Spring Boot configuration, multiple deployment scenarios, and integration with Kubernetes health probes to ensure lossless traffic flow.
Spring Cloud Alibaba 2.2.2.RELEASE, compatible with Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR8, introduces upgraded dependencies such as Nacos Client 1.3.2, Seata 1.3.0, Sentinel 1.8.0, Apache Dubbo 2.7.8, adds features like NacosWatch metadata updates and dynamic naming service switching, and resolves numerous bugs.
This article describes how the infrastructure team reduced new project deployment time to under an hour by combining a container platform with domain convergence, detailing the processes, automation pipelines, Kubernetes-based deployment, autoscaling, logging, and security considerations for efficient, cloud‑native operations.
This article analyzes why applications fail to start when the Istio sidecar proxy has not finished its xDS configuration, presents three practical solutions—including health‑check gating, pod container start order control, and Kubernetes startup dependencies—and recommends adopting design‑for‑failure principles for robust microservice deployments.
Although Docker has become popular for containerizing applications, this article outlines seven key drawbacks—ranging from data safety and performance to networking, statefulness, resource isolation, cloud platform incompatibility, and hardware demands—that make deploying databases in Docker containers generally unsuitable.
This article details MasterClass Education’s end‑to‑end cloud‑native migration using Spring Cloud Alibaba, Nacos, Sentinel and related tools, covering registry selection, Nacos server deployment, monitoring, logging, performance testing, high‑availability sync with Eureka, CI/CD pipelines, gray releases, APM integration and disaster‑recovery drills.
This article explains the core concepts, component model, and architecture of Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM), provides step‑by‑step installation instructions, details configuration options, and demonstrates how OLM handles dependency resolution and upgrade workflows for Kubernetes operators.
The article outlines how open x86 hardware, solid‑state storage, high‑speed networking, resource pools and containers form the foundation for modern IT architecture, while national emphasis on innovation and security elevates open‑source software, driving a shift toward layered, service‑oriented, microservice‑centric systems integrated with DevOps pipelines.
This article examines the evolving challenges of recommendation system architecture, presents the Flowengine platform’s declarative, low‑code, component‑based approach to governance, and demonstrates how it improves scalability, maintainability, and cloud‑native deployment for AI‑driven recommendation services.
An extensive two-hour video course guides you through Spring Cloud and Kubernetes, covering Linux system setup, Docker fundamentals, Dockerfile creation, Docker‑Compose deployment, Harbor registry, Rancher and K8s cluster installation, HA setups with RKE and Helm, as well as k3s basics and Spring Cloud deployment, with links to the videos and supplemental materials.
This article analyzes how Kubernetes’ API‑first design, inspired by cloud‑computing principles of programmable and declarative infrastructure, creates a universal control plane that transcends container orchestration and reshapes software management across clouds.
Rancher’s k3s, a lightweight Kubernetes for Edge, IoT, CI and ARM, has entered the CNCF Sandbox, marking the first Kubernetes‑compatible distribution to join; the announcement details its streamlined features, rapid adoption statistics, and the debate confirming its independent status.
This guide explains Docker Swarm's built‑in cluster management, key concepts such as Swarm, Node, Stack, Service, Task, and load balancing, and provides step‑by‑step commands for initializing a Swarm, adding nodes, labeling, deploying stacks, and updating services.
Alibaba Cloud’s Serverless lead, known as “不瞋”, discusses how serverless transforms cloud computing into a simple utility, outlines performance, security, and operational challenges, and shares real-world use cases like video processing and large-scale traffic handling, emphasizing cost savings, elasticity, and the future roadmap.
This article introduces the SlightShift MySQL high‑availability solution, detailing cloud‑native design principles, architecture, key technologies such as Raft‑based leader election, Local PV storage, ProxySQL routing, automated failover, backup/recovery, and the operator‑driven declarative management that enable scalable, low‑cost, resilient MySQL deployments on Kubernetes.
This article walks through the background of RocketMQ, explains why an Operator is needed for cloud‑native deployments, and provides a complete, hands‑on tutorial for installing RocketMQ Operator via OperatorHub or manually, creating a RocketMQ cluster on Kubernetes, verifying it with producer/consumer examples, and cleaning up the resources.
Spring Cloud Hoxton SR8 (SR8) has been released, offering bug‑fixes, support for Spring Boot 2.2.x and 2.3.x, TLS configuration for Eureka and Config clients, enhanced Kubernetes load balancing, and a list of updated starter dependencies, all available via Maven Central.
Didi’s Seven‑Layer Access Platform, handling millions of QPS and hundreds of billions of daily requests across thousands of services, provides ultra‑stable, sub‑millisecond routing through Nginx‑based data and control planes, advanced service discovery, rate‑limiting, observability, zero‑risk change controls, and is now evolving toward a cloud‑native, mesh‑enabled sidecar architecture.
This guide walks through Kubernetes Service fundamentals, including creating services, configuring session affinity, exposing multiple ports, using named ports, discovering services via environment variables and DNS, managing Endpoints, and exposing services externally through NodePort, LoadBalancer, and Ingress with TLS support.
This article explains the fundamentals of cloud native computing, introduces service mesh architectures such as Istio and Envoy, explores chaos engineering with Chaos Mesh, and details how eBPF/XDP‑based user‑space container networking can accelerate data‑plane performance in modern microservice environments.
This article explains the fundamentals of confidential computing, introduces the open‑source Inclavare Containers project and its integration with Kubernetes, details its architecture, workflow, signing models, and the related ACK‑TEE platform, and answers common questions about deployment and performance.
Kubernetes 1.19, released after a 20‑week cycle, introduces a one‑year support window, storage capacity tracking, generic ephemeral volumes, CSI health monitoring, Ingress reaching GA, structured logging, new klog methods, and kubelet TLS certificate rotation, while providing extensive release notes and ecosystem updates.
Kubernetes 1.19, released after a 20‑week cycle, introduces a year‑long support window, storage capacity tracking, generic ephemeral volumes, CSI health monitoring, Ingress GA, structured logging, new klog methods, kubelet TLS certificate rotation, and dozens of other stable and major feature updates.
This article presents a practical, multi‑stage approach for improving software reliability in Kubernetes‑based microservice environments, covering static analysis, testing pyramids, CI/CD observability, performance testing, deployment strategies, and feedback loops to help engineering teams deliver faster, higher‑quality releases.
This article explains the evolution of DevOps, the challenges of building a Kubernetes‑based DevOps platform, and how the Open Application Model (OAM) provides a layered, component‑and‑trait architecture that separates concerns, enhances extensibility, and enables next‑generation cloud‑native DevOps solutions.
The article analyzes the limitations of native Kubernetes scheduling, proposes usage‑based and dynamic‑weight scheduling strategies to improve multi‑resource balance, presents experimental results showing significant CPU and memory utilization gains, and discusses cost benefits and future directions for the private cloud platform.
This article reviews Dubbo 3.0’s evolution from its early Alibaba SOA roots to a cloud‑native microservice framework, detailing its open‑source growth, next‑generation RPC protocol, application‑level registration discovery, Kubernetes integration, flexible enhancements, and the roadmap for upcoming releases.
Tencent Cloud MySQL 8.0 builds on official MySQL improvements with eight enterprise‑grade enhancements—TDE encryption, kernel‑level audit, multi‑queue thread pool, strong consistency, AEP SSD support, lightweight AP mode, hotspot updates, and SQL rate‑limiting—delivering high‑performance, secure, and scalable solutions for e‑commerce, gaming, finance, and new‑retail workloads while paving the way for cloud‑native, AI‑driven database evolution.
This article introduces Capability Oriented Architecture (COA), a new design paradigm that abstracts essential capabilities such as power or AI services, making cloud‑edge applications platform‑, location‑, and technology‑agnostic while delegating delivery details to operational components.
This article chronicles Yuque's evolution from a hobbyist prototype to a commercial cloud‑native knowledge platform, detailing its backend migrations, adoption of Node.js, Egg, React, serverless function compute, micro‑service splits, and the architectural lessons learned for stability, cost efficiency, and scalability.
This article reviews Microsoft’s new open‑source portal, Google’s Chrome URL‑hiding experiment, the YAM cryptocurrency bug that locked millions, and the launch of Bootstrap’s official SVG icon library, highlighting their goals, technologies, and community impact.
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of Google’s Borg system, covering its design goals, user view, job and task model, resource allocation, scheduling algorithms, fault tolerance, scalability techniques, and operational metrics that shaped modern cloud‑native orchestration platforms.
This article provides an overview of Kubernetes, explaining its purpose as an open‑source container orchestration platform, recounting its origins from internal Google discussions in 2013, the influence of Borg, the decision to open‑source it, and its subsequent growth into a widely adopted cloud‑native solution.
In this interview, Red Hat’s former chief architect Christian Posta explains how Istio’s architecture has been simplified from a fragmented control plane to the unified Istiod binary, outlines upcoming features in version 1.7, discusses WebAssembly integration, and shares his view on the evolving service‑mesh market.
This article explains how Apache Pulsar’s layered architecture separates I/O modes, uses BookKeeper for durable storage, and leverages multi‑replica write quorums and hierarchical caches to provide efficient tail‑read, catch‑up read, and long‑term storage options such as S3, Azure and GCS.
The article explains Microsoft’s Open Service Mesh (OSM), a lightweight, SMI‑compatible service mesh built on Envoy for Kubernetes, covering its design principles, features, deployment steps, and its role in the broader cloud‑native service‑mesh ecosystem.
This comprehensive article explains what a data lake is, outlines its core characteristics and reference architecture, compares major cloud providers' data‑lake offerings, presents typical advertising and gaming use cases, and proposes a practical, agile process for building and operating a data lake.
This article provides a comprehensive guide to Nginx Ingress on Tencent Cloud TKE, covering its fundamentals, three deployment architectures, selection criteria, internal and external load‑balancer configurations, bandwidth considerations, Ingress creation, and monitoring with Prometheus.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Kubernetes, explaining its master‑node architecture, core components, deployment workflow, pod fundamentals, scaling and update strategies, networking layers, and service discovery mechanisms, enabling readers to grasp how container orchestration works in practice.
This article explains how cloud‑native principles—combining agile, DevOps, CI/CD, microservices, service governance, container technology, and cloud computing—address modern application challenges such as rapid deployment, elastic scaling, fault detection, self‑healing, and alignment with organizational structures.
Meituan migrated its massive cloud infrastructure from OpenStack to Kubernetes, containerizing over 98 % of services and implementing custom scheduling, NUMA‑aware placement, fine‑grained resource isolation, and an internal management platform that boosted stability above 99.99 %, cut costs, and paved the way for unified VM‑container scheduling and broader cloud‑native workloads.
NetEase Media transformed its infrastructure by containerizing services, establishing multiple resource pools, implementing a ServiceMesh with NSF, and isolating beta and production environments, resulting in higher CPU utilization, automated scaling, and improved stability, while sharing lessons learned and future plans.
This article reviews ten well‑known enterprises—including Adidas, Capital One, Verizon, Disney, and Starbucks—that have undertaken large‑scale DevOps and cloud‑native transformations, detailing the challenges they faced, the cultural and technical changes implemented, and the measurable business benefits achieved.
This article explains how to construct a Kubernetes platform that puts applications first by using the Open Application Model (OAM), covering the required architectural layers, core concepts such as Components, Traits, ApplicationConfiguration, Definition objects, and the practical benefits for platform engineers.
This article introduces Midway Serverless, explains its background in the serverless trend, details its architecture, directory structure, toolchain, dependency‑injection mechanism, anti‑corruption layer, lifecycle hooks, and how it enables seamless migration of traditional Node.js applications to multiple cloud platforms with minimal code changes.
This article explains SkyWalking’s modular, protocol‑oriented and lightweight architecture, its core components, design principles, and advantages such as cross‑environment consistency, easy maintenance, high performance, and extensibility for both traditional and cloud‑native systems.
Discover a curated list of powerful open-source Kubernetes management solutions—including K9s, Rancher, Dashboard, Kubectl, Kubeadm, Helm, KubeSpray, Kontena Lens, and WKSctl—detailing their core features, deployment options, and how they streamline cluster monitoring, configuration, and application lifecycle across cloud-native environments.
This article explains the kubelet’s key responsibilities, how it detects resource scarcity through eviction signals and thresholds, and provides practical guidance on configuring hard and soft eviction policies, reclamation strategies, and QoS‑based pod ranking to keep Kubernetes nodes stable.
This tutorial demonstrates how to configure Docker Hub credentials, create a Tekton Task that builds a Docker image using Kaniko, run the task via TaskRun, and then combine the test and build tasks into a Pipeline and PipelineRun to achieve a complete CI/CD workflow on a Kubernetes cluster.
This guide walks through installing Tekton on a Kubernetes cluster, explains its core CRD resources such as Task, TaskRun, Pipeline and PipelineResource, and demonstrates a complete example that clones a Go repository, runs tests, builds a Docker image, and pushes it to Docker Hub.
The 2020 Cloud‑Native Development Whitepaper, compiled by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, offers a data‑driven overview of China’s cloud‑native market size, ecosystem, hot technologies, security frameworks, and emerging industry applications, highlighting four key future trends shaping the sector.
This roundup covers the KubeCon 2020 virtual summit, the GA of seccomp‑based PodSecurityPolicy enforcement, recommended open‑source projects such as Kubernetes The Hard Way and kustomize‑controller, plus a curated list of recent Kubernetes‑focused articles and reading material.
This article traces the birth of middleware, the creation and multi‑generation evolution of SOFAStack at Ant Group, its adoption by banks and insurers, and its shift toward cloud‑native and trustworthy‑native architectures that power large‑scale financial services.
Dubbo-go v1.5 introduces an application‑level service registration model, a metadata center for interface data, Kubernetes‑native registration, enhanced routing, and security features like TLS, while maintaining full compatibility with Dubbo 2.7.x and preparing for future cloud‑native evolution.
This article explains the concept of Service Mesh, why it emerged from micro‑service challenges, its evolution, and compares the main open‑source implementations such as Linkerd, Envoy, Istio, and Conduit, helping readers grasp its role in modern cloud‑native architectures.
iQIYI built a Prometheus‑based microservice monitoring platform that uses Spring Boot Actuator, Micrometer, custom QAE collectors, file‑based service discovery, and an Alert‑proxy to gather container, application, and third‑party metrics, define PromQL alert rules, and forward alerts to its unified notification system, illustrating best practices and lessons learned.
This article introduces NGINX's Microservices Reference Architecture (MRA), explains its three network models—Proxy, Router Mesh, and Fabric—describes their use cases, outlines the goals of the reference architecture, and previews the Ingenious demo application that implements all three models.
Although Docker has become popular for deploying many applications, this article outlines seven technical reasons—ranging from data safety and performance to networking, statefulness, resource isolation, cloud platform limitations, and environment requirements—that make containerizing databases generally impractical, while also suggesting cautious scenarios where it might work.
This article traces Ceph’s evolution from its academic origins to widespread adoption in cloud‑native environments, explains the four stages of storage development, details Ceph’s unified object, block, and file interfaces, and describes its architecture—including monitors, OSDs, CRUSH algorithm, placement groups, and high‑availability features.
A senior infrastructure engineer shares hard‑won lessons from migrating a large team to pure Kubernetes, covering deployment speed, error reduction, observability, networking, monitoring, GitOps, custom operators, secret handling, CI, and logging challenges in modern cloud‑native environments.
This guide walks developers through creating an Alibaba Cloud ACK Kubernetes cluster, importing it into EDAS, initializing a cloud‑native Spring Cloud application, choosing the appropriate runtime, and deploying the app directly from an IDE plugin for fast, efficient releases.
This article introduces Skaffold, a lightweight open‑source CLI tool for local Kubernetes development, explains its key features, shows step‑by‑step installation and a starter workflow, details the pipeline stages and architecture, and includes real‑world user feedback.
This article describes how Dada Group tackled rapid micro‑service growth by designing a language‑agnostic, lightweight service governance and traffic routing engine that uses Consul metadata, configurable routing rules, and link‑based isolation to enable online pressure testing, parallel development, hot‑cold service separation, gray releases, and dynamic rate limiting.
This article examines Docker's early container platform, the evolution of Docker Swarm, the birth and architecture of Kubernetes, and compares their features, scalability, storage, and fault‑tolerance to explain why Kubernetes has become the dominant cloud‑native orchestration solution.
Learn how to construct a scalable, high‑availability cloud call‑center platform using FreeSWITCH, covering PBX basics, dial‑plan routing, media handling, clustering with fs‑router and fs‑media, integration of Kamailio for signaling, and strategies for multi‑tenant, high‑concurrency deployments.
On June 24, 2020 the CNCF Technical Oversight Committee approved eleven projects into the Sandbox, including Crossplane’s OAM Kubernetes implementation, signaling the transfer of ownership to the CNCF community and highlighting upcoming features that will standardize application component dependencies, data injection, and versioning for hybrid‑cloud environments.
This tutorial explains the lifecycle and use‑cases of Kubernetes emptyDir and hostPath volumes, shows how to configure them in pod specs, demonstrates a sidecar pattern for temporary data sharing, and provides complete YAML and kubectl commands for creation, inspection, and troubleshooting.
This article explains how Alibaba's Midway Serverless framework reduces server and governance costs by up to 70%, accelerates front‑end development and deployment, and addresses the benefits, challenges, and operational impacts of adopting a serverless, cloud‑native architecture.
This article presents Ant Group’s financial‑grade unitized architecture, detailing industry‑standard distributed models, the design of RZone/GZone/CZone, its disaster‑recovery, elasticity and gray‑release capabilities, and real‑world banking case studies demonstrating cloud‑native deployment strategies in the financial sector.
Google announced the transfer of the Istio trademark to the newly formed Open Usage Commons, establishing a neutral base for the project's branding while outlining continued open governance, community involvement, and future stewardship of the service‑mesh ecosystem.
This article reviews JD Cloud’s bastion host solution presented at the 2020 Global New‑Generation Software Engineering Summit, detailing the security challenges of modern operations, compliance requirements, design principles, cloud‑native architecture, and real‑world deployments in enterprises and finance.
This article explains how Kubernetes' Kube‑scheduler has evolved from early Extender and multiple‑scheduler approaches to the modern Scheduling Framework, detailing its architecture, extension points, and a step‑by‑step guide to building a custom QoS plugin with code examples.
This guide explains Kubernetes' security pipeline—authentication, authorization, and admission control—detailing token and SSL authentication, service accounts, RBAC, ABAC, Node and Webhook authorizers, and the essential admission plugins, with practical kubectl commands and configuration examples.
This guide walks through generating a private key, CSR, and signed certificate with OpenSSL, adding a new user and context to kubeconfig, binding the user to a cluster role, and verifying namespace‑specific permissions in a Kubernetes cluster.
This article examines the evolving relationship between Service Mesh and API Gateway, clarifying their original responsibilities, discussing traffic direction semantics, and detailing how sidecar integration, BFF layers, and real‑world Ant Financial practices are driving a convergence toward more decentralized, cloud‑native API management.
Midway Serverless v1.0 introduces a cloud‑native, TypeScript‑based framework that unifies front‑end and back‑end development, simplifies platform migration, prevents vendor lock‑in, and leverages existing koa and egg ecosystems to dramatically improve development efficiency.
This guide walks through downloading the mysql_exporter package, extracting it on a Kubernetes master, installing the binary, creating a dedicated MySQL user with proper permissions, configuring a password‑less client file, launching the exporter, and updating Prometheus via kubectl so MySQL metrics are exposed on port 9104.
This article examines the limitations of traditional Kubernetes Service implementations, introduces Tencent TKE’s IPVS‑BPF mode that bypasses nf_conntrack using eBPF for SNAT, details its design and implementation steps, and presents extensive performance measurements showing significant latency and throughput improvements.
This article introduces Spring Cloud as a microservice framework, explains the fundamentals of service architecture, compares SOA and microservices, and walks through essential components such as service registration, discovery, load‑balanced calls, circuit breakers, gateways, configuration management, message bus, and tracing with practical code examples.
This article introduces OpenYurt's YurtHub component, detailing its architecture and five major extensions—including edge network autonomy, multi‑cloud endpoint support, node‑level flow control, certificate rotation, and additional features—while explaining how it enables non‑intrusive Kubernetes edge deployments.
This comprehensive guide explains why Kubernetes has become the standard container platform, covering its application‑centric architecture, migration challenges, networking and CNI design, control‑plane components, storage solutions including CSI and FlexVolume, image distribution strategies, upgrade and backup procedures, operator patterns, and practical containerization best practices for large‑scale deployments.
This guide walks you through installing KubeSphere 2.1.1 on a Kubernetes cluster, covering prerequisites, Helm and Tiller setup, OpenEBS storage configuration, optional minimal or full installations, and verification steps, with detailed commands and tips for both online and air‑gapped environments.
This article explains the fundamentals of Ceph, a high‑performance, highly available and scalable distributed storage system, covering its architecture, core components, data placement algorithms, storage interfaces, and typical deployment scenarios in cloud environments.
