Tagged articles
2122 articles
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Architects Research Society
Architects Research Society
Jun 25, 2021 · Backend Development

Lessons from Google, eBay, Twitter, and Amazon on Scaling Multi‑Language Microservices

The article examines how large‑scale systems at Google, eBay, Twitter and Amazon have converged on multi‑language microservice architectures, describing their evolution, service ecosystems, incentive mechanisms, standards, operational challenges, and best practices for building, maintaining and deprecating services.

Distributed SystemsService Architectureincentives
0 likes · 18 min read
Lessons from Google, eBay, Twitter, and Amazon on Scaling Multi‑Language Microservices
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Jun 22, 2021 · Backend Development

Why Netty? Building High‑Performance Distributed Services with Java

This article explains what Netty is, how to design a distributed service framework using it, details the RPC call flow, discusses protocol design, showcases performance‑boosting features and best practices, and provides deep insights into Netty's architecture, threading model, and low‑level optimizations.

Distributed SystemsNettyRPC
0 likes · 19 min read
Why Netty? Building High‑Performance Distributed Services with Java
Qingyun Technology Community
Qingyun Technology Community
Jun 21, 2021 · Databases

Inside Nebula Graph: Architecture, Cloud‑Native Challenges, and DBaaS Solutions

Nebula Graph is a high‑performance, open‑source distributed graph database that separates storage and compute, supports billions of vertices, and offers millisecond query latency, while its cloud‑native DBaaS deployment faces multi‑cloud resource, performance, and operational challenges addressed through Kubernetes, KubeSphere, and custom operators.

Cloud NativeDBaaSDistributed Systems
0 likes · 12 min read
Inside Nebula Graph: Architecture, Cloud‑Native Challenges, and DBaaS Solutions
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Jun 21, 2021 · Big Data

What Is a Big Data Platform and How to Design Its Architecture?

This article explains what a big data platform is, outlines its seven‑component overall architecture, details the technical stack from data sources to applications, and describes the key subsystems such as catalog management, data integration, governance, storage, processing, sharing, development, and analysis.

Data GovernanceData IntegrationDistributed Systems
0 likes · 11 min read
What Is a Big Data Platform and How to Design Its Architecture?
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jun 19, 2021 · Backend Development

Mastering Cache Strategies: From CDN to Distributed Systems

This article provides a comprehensive overview of caching in large‑scale distributed systems, covering cache fundamentals, classification, major implementations such as CDN, reverse‑proxy, local, and distributed caches, detailed analyses of Memcached and Redis, common design challenges, and real‑world industry solutions.

BackendCache DesignDistributed Systems
0 likes · 12 min read
Mastering Cache Strategies: From CDN to Distributed Systems
Architects Research Society
Architects Research Society
Jun 16, 2021 · Backend Development

Common Pitfalls in Microservice Integration and How to Mitigate Them

The article explains three frequent pitfalls when adopting microservices—complex remote communication, asynchronous processing challenges, and distributed transaction difficulties—and shows how fast‑fail, retries, timeouts, compensation, lightweight workflow engines, and idempotency can reduce complexity and improve resilience.

Distributed SystemsIdempotencyWorkflow
0 likes · 13 min read
Common Pitfalls in Microservice Integration and How to Mitigate Them
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Jun 16, 2021 · Backend Development

Comparison of Four Consistent Hashing Algorithms: Ketama, Rendezvous, Jump Consistent Hash, and Maglev

The article compares four consistent‑hashing algorithms—Ketama’s ring with virtual nodes, Rendezvous’s highest‑random‑weight method, Google’s Jump Consistent Hash, and Maglev’s lookup‑table approach—evaluating their balance, monotonicity, stability, scalability, and time complexity, and concludes that Ketama and Jump offer the best overall trade‑off.

Distributed Systemsalgorithm comparisonconsistent hashing
0 likes · 23 min read
Comparison of Four Consistent Hashing Algorithms: Ketama, Rendezvous, Jump Consistent Hash, and Maglev
Ops Development Stories
Ops Development Stories
Jun 16, 2021 · Backend Development

How Raft Achieves Consensus: Leader Election, Log Replication, and State Machine Explained

This article explains the core mechanisms of the Raft consensus algorithm—including leader election, log replication, safety guarantees, message structures, state transitions, and key Go implementations in etcd-raft—providing code examples and detailed analysis of functions such as becomeLeader, tickElection, and appendEntry.

ConsensusDistributed SystemsGo
0 likes · 21 min read
How Raft Achieves Consensus: Leader Election, Log Replication, and State Machine Explained
Java Interview Crash Guide
Java Interview Crash Guide
Jun 15, 2021 · Backend Development

How Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC) Supercharges Java Application Performance

This article explains the design, architecture, and implementation of Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC), a solution that adds application‑level hotspot detection and local caching to reduce cache hot‑spot pressure, improve consistency, and boost performance for Java services in high‑traffic scenarios.

Distributed Systemscachingjava
0 likes · 15 min read
How Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC) Supercharges Java Application Performance
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jun 14, 2021 · Fundamentals

Message Exchange Architectures and Routing Patterns

This article explains the fundamental message exchange architectures—such as publish‑subscribe, fan‑out, unidirectional and bidirectional streaming, unicast, broadcast, multicast, and anycast—and how they are used in systems like Redis, Kafka, RabbitMQ, ZeroMQ and IBM MQ to simplify communication between architects and developers.

ArchitectureBackendDistributed Systems
0 likes · 9 min read
Message Exchange Architectures and Routing Patterns
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jun 11, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding Message Queues: From Redis List to Kafka and Pulsar

This article explains the evolution of message‑queue middleware by comparing the basic double‑ended queue implementation, Redis list usage, Kafka’s partitioned log architecture with segment files and sparse indexes, and Pulsar’s compute‑storage separation using BookKeeper, highlighting their designs, strengths, and trade‑offs.

Distributed SystemsKafkaMessage Queue
0 likes · 28 min read
Understanding Message Queues: From Redis List to Kafka and Pulsar
ITPUB
ITPUB
Jun 11, 2021 · Backend Development

Is Redis Distributed Lock Really Safe? Uncovering Redlock, Pitfalls, and Best Practices

This comprehensive guide explains why distributed locks are needed, walks through basic Redis lock implementations, reveals common dead‑lock and expiration issues, presents atomic solutions with SET EX NX and Lua scripts, evaluates the Redlock algorithm, examines expert debates, compares Zookeeper locks, and offers practical recommendations for safe usage.

Distributed SystemsLua ScriptSafety
0 likes · 35 min read
Is Redis Distributed Lock Really Safe? Uncovering Redlock, Pitfalls, and Best Practices
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Jun 11, 2021 · Operations

SkyWalkingDay Meetup 2021: Apache SkyWalking Technical Conference

The Apache SkyWalking Day offline meetup, co‑hosted by Tencent Cloud Tengyuanhui and the SkyWalking community on June 26 in Beijing, will feature industry experts presenting deep technical insights on distributed system observability and monitoring, while attendees can learn the latest ecosystem developments, performance‑management best practices, and enter giveaways such as AirPods Pro, Tencent figurines, and stickers.

Apache SkyWalkingDistributed SystemsTechnical Conference
0 likes · 2 min read
SkyWalkingDay Meetup 2021: Apache SkyWalking Technical Conference
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Jun 10, 2021 · Backend Development

Why Kafka Beats Redis List: A Deep Dive into Message Queue Architecture

This article compares popular message middleware such as Redis, Kafka, and Pulsar, explaining their underlying data structures, strengths and weaknesses, and how concepts like partitions, replication, cursors, and storage segmentation enable high performance, scalability, and reliability in modern distributed messaging systems.

BackendDistributed SystemsKafka
0 likes · 29 min read
Why Kafka Beats Redis List: A Deep Dive into Message Queue Architecture
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jun 7, 2021 · Backend Development

Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC): Architecture, Hotspot Detection, and Local Cache Implementation

The article presents the design and implementation of Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC), a three‑layer caching solution that adds hotspot detection and local cache to reduce distributed cache pressure, explains its transparent Java integration, describes the sliding‑window hotspot discovery pipeline, and showcases performance gains in real‑world e‑commerce campaigns.

Distributed SystemsPerformancehotspot detection
0 likes · 14 min read
Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC): Architecture, Hotspot Detection, and Local Cache Implementation
NetEase Smart Enterprise Tech+
NetEase Smart Enterprise Tech+
Jun 4, 2021 · Backend Development

How WE‑CAN Revolutionizes Global Data Transmission with Ultra‑Low Latency and Cost‑Effective Architecture

WE‑CAN, NetEase Cloud Communication's self‑developed large‑scale distributed transmission network, dramatically improves end‑to‑end data quality, reduces costs, and supports diverse real‑time communication scenarios through intelligent routing, layered decoupling, and global edge deployment, as demonstrated by extensive production metrics.

Distributed SystemsLow latencycloud networking
0 likes · 15 min read
How WE‑CAN Revolutionizes Global Data Transmission with Ultra‑Low Latency and Cost‑Effective Architecture
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Jun 3, 2021 · Fundamentals

How Raft Powers Reliable Distributed Systems – From Consensus Basics to SOFAJRaft

This article explains distributed consensus, compares Paxos, ZAB and Raft, details Raft's leader election, log replication and commit mechanics, introduces read‑optimisation techniques such as ReadIndex and Lease Read, and showcases the Java‑based SOFAJRaft library with its architecture, performance tricks and real‑world use cases.

Consensus AlgorithmDistributed SystemsLog Replication
0 likes · 19 min read
How Raft Powers Reliable Distributed Systems – From Consensus Basics to SOFAJRaft
Tencent Advertising Technology
Tencent Advertising Technology
Jun 2, 2021 · Big Data

Tencent Advertising Real-Time Strategy Data Framework: Architecture, Performance, and High Availability

The article presents a detailed overview of Tencent Advertising's real‑time strategy data framework, explaining its role in the ad system, the challenges of massive log volumes, and the architectural, performance, and high‑availability solutions implemented to achieve fast, reliable, and scalable ad decision making.

Big DataDistributed SystemsReal-Time Strategy
0 likes · 24 min read
Tencent Advertising Real-Time Strategy Data Framework: Architecture, Performance, and High Availability
High Availability Architecture
High Availability Architecture
Jun 2, 2021 · Operations

Design and Implementation of Full‑Link Load Testing at Dada Group

This article describes Dada Group’s evolution from a simple 1:1 test environment to a sophisticated machine‑labeling load‑testing solution, detailing core design, isolation techniques, custom testing platform, model construction, pre‑heat strategies, and post‑test analysis that ensure system stability during high‑traffic events.

Distributed SystemsLoad TestingMicroservices
0 likes · 16 min read
Design and Implementation of Full‑Link Load Testing at Dada Group
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
May 30, 2021 · Backend Development

Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC): Architecture, Hotspot Detection, and Local Cache Implementation

The article introduces Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC), a comprehensive caching solution that adds hotspot detection and local caching to existing distributed cache systems, explains its three‑layer architecture, transparent Java integration, real‑time hotspot discovery process, and demonstrates performance gains in high‑traffic e‑commerce scenarios.

CacheDistributed Systemshotspot detection
0 likes · 13 min read
Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC): Architecture, Hotspot Detection, and Local Cache Implementation
21CTO
21CTO
May 30, 2021 · Backend Development

How Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC) Eliminates Hotspot Bottlenecks in Java Services

The article introduces Youzan's Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC), explains why hotspot cache access harms e‑commerce applications, describes its three‑layer architecture, details the Java client integration with Hermes‑SDK for automatic hotspot detection and local caching, and presents real‑world performance gains during large‑scale promotional events.

CacheDistributed SystemsPerformance
0 likes · 14 min read
How Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC) Eliminates Hotspot Bottlenecks in Java Services
Amap Tech
Amap Tech
May 28, 2021 · Operations

System Observability Practices in Gaode Ride-Hailing: From Unified Logging to Fault Defense

Gaode Ride‑Hailing created a comprehensive 360° observability platform—standardized logging, distributed tracing, multi‑domain metrics, visual dashboards, and an incident workflow—that transforms raw data into actionable insights, accelerates root‑cause analysis, and enables automated fault defense for its large‑scale cloud‑native microservice system.

Distributed SystemsObservabilityfault tolerance
0 likes · 22 min read
System Observability Practices in Gaode Ride-Hailing: From Unified Logging to Fault Defense
Tencent IMWeb Frontend Team
Tencent IMWeb Frontend Team
May 25, 2021 · Backend Development

How to Ensure Reliable Push Messaging in Live Online Classrooms

This article examines the challenges of message loss in live‑streamed online classrooms, analyzes why pushes can fail, and proposes a comprehensive reliability strategy—including TCP fundamentals, multi‑channel redundancy, sequence‑based ordering, hole‑pulling, and configurable back‑end mechanisms—to achieve near‑100% delivery.

Distributed SystemsMessage ReliabilityTCP
0 likes · 19 min read
How to Ensure Reliable Push Messaging in Live Online Classrooms
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
May 24, 2021 · Cloud Native

Next‑Generation Cloud‑Native Data Warehouse: Architecture, Principles and Implementation

The article defines cloud‑native data warehouses as storage‑compute separated systems that elastically scale across clouds, outlines their key traits, describes a three‑layer architecture, compares Snowflake and OushuDB implementations, and illustrates a large bank’s migration to such a platform.

Distributed Systemscloud-nativedata-warehouse
0 likes · 16 min read
Next‑Generation Cloud‑Native Data Warehouse: Architecture, Principles and Implementation
Top Architect
Top Architect
May 23, 2021 · Backend Development

Designing High‑Availability, High‑Performance, Scalable and Secure Architecture for Large Websites

This article explains how to build a highly available, high‑performance, easily extensible and secure large‑scale website architecture by evolving from a single‑server setup through application‑data separation, caching, server clustering, read‑write separation, CDN/reverse‑proxy, distributed storage, NoSQL, service decomposition, and various architectural patterns.

ArchitectureDistributed SystemsScalability
0 likes · 19 min read
Designing High‑Availability, High‑Performance, Scalable and Secure Architecture for Large Websites
Laravel Tech Community
Laravel Tech Community
May 21, 2021 · Backend Development

RabbitMQ Messaging Patterns and Exchange Types Overview

This article explains RabbitMQ's core messaging patterns—including simple, work queues, publish/subscribe, routing, topics, RPC, and publisher confirms—along with the four main exchange types, providing practical use‑case examples for each to help developers choose the appropriate pattern for their backend systems.

Distributed SystemsMessagingRabbitMQ
0 likes · 4 min read
RabbitMQ Messaging Patterns and Exchange Types Overview
360 Quality & Efficiency
360 Quality & Efficiency
May 21, 2021 · Backend Development

Choosing Between Zookeeper and Eureka as Service Registry: Principles, Advantages, and Implementation

This article explains the role of a service registry in micro‑service architectures, compares Zookeeper (CP) and Eureka (AP) in terms of design, consistency, and availability, and provides detailed code and configuration examples for deploying both solutions in a high‑availability cluster.

BackendDistributed SystemsZooKeeper
0 likes · 12 min read
Choosing Between Zookeeper and Eureka as Service Registry: Principles, Advantages, and Implementation
Ctrip Technology
Ctrip Technology
May 20, 2021 · Backend Development

Evolution and Architecture of Ctrip's Service Registry (Artemis)

This article reviews the seven‑year evolution of Ctrip's microservice service‑registry from manual data maintenance through an etcd‑based solution to the self‑developed Artemis system, detailing its architecture, consistent‑hash data partitioning, high‑availability design, and second‑level instance up/down mechanisms.

Cloud NativeDistributed SystemsMicroservices
0 likes · 16 min read
Evolution and Architecture of Ctrip's Service Registry (Artemis)
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
May 20, 2021 · Backend Development

How Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC) Supercharges Java Application Performance

The article explains Youzan's Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC), a solution that automatically detects cache hotspots, adds an application‑level local cache, and provides hit statistics to reduce load on distributed caches, improve consistency, and boost performance for high‑traffic e‑commerce scenarios.

CacheDistributed Systemshotspot detection
0 likes · 15 min read
How Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC) Supercharges Java Application Performance
Top Architect
Top Architect
May 19, 2021 · Backend Development

Microservice Architecture and Its 10 Most Important Design Patterns

This article explains the evolution of software architecture toward microservices, defines microservice architecture, outlines its key characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and then details ten essential design patterns—including database per service, event sourcing, CQRS, Saga, BFF, API gateway, Strangler, circuit breaker, externalized configuration, and consumer‑driven contract testing—while advising when each should be applied.

Distributed Systemssoftware-engineering
0 likes · 26 min read
Microservice Architecture and Its 10 Most Important Design Patterns
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
May 19, 2021 · Backend Development

How Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC) Eliminates Hotspot Bottlenecks in High‑Traffic E‑Commerce

The article explains Youzan’s Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC), detailing its architecture, hotspot detection, local caching, consistency mechanisms, and real‑world performance gains during flash‑sale events, showing how it reduces cache pressure and improves latency for Java‑based services.

CacheConsistencyDistributed Systems
0 likes · 16 min read
How Transparent Multilevel Cache (TMC) Eliminates Hotspot Bottlenecks in High‑Traffic E‑Commerce
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
May 14, 2021 · Backend Development

Why Simple Retries Fail in Kafka and How to Build Robust Failure Strategies

This article explains Kafka's core concepts, the challenges of consumer failures in microservice architectures, why naïve retry loops or message skipping are insufficient, and presents a nuanced approach that distinguishes recoverable from unrecoverable errors, using back‑off retries and hidden topics to preserve ordering and data integrity.

Distributed SystemsKafkaMicroservices
0 likes · 24 min read
Why Simple Retries Fail in Kafka and How to Build Robust Failure Strategies
High Availability Architecture
High Availability Architecture
May 13, 2021 · Operations

Understanding High Availability: Concepts, Metrics, and Design Practices

This article explains high availability in distributed systems, covering its definition, design objectives, key metrics such as MTBF, MTTR, SLA, and practical design elements like redundancy, monitoring, failover, as well as common Q&A on cost, relationship with other architecture attributes, and implementation considerations.

ArchitectureDistributed SystemsReliability
0 likes · 13 min read
Understanding High Availability: Concepts, Metrics, and Design Practices
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
May 12, 2021 · Operations

Designing High‑Availability, High‑Performance, Scalable and Secure Web Application Architecture

This article explains how to build a highly available, high‑performance, easily extensible, scalable and secure web application system by describing the evolution of large‑site architectures, common patterns such as layering, clustering, caching, asynchronous processing, and the core architectural factors of performance, availability, scalability, extensibility and security.

ArchitectureDistributed SystemsScalability
0 likes · 20 min read
Designing High‑Availability, High‑Performance, Scalable and Secure Web Application Architecture
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
May 12, 2021 · Big Data

Visualizing Kafka: Core Concepts Explained with Diagrams

This article visually breaks down Kafka’s core concepts—including producers, consumers, topics, partitions, consumer groups, and cluster architecture—explaining how messages flow, are stored, and replicated across partitions and nodes, while highlighting the role of ZooKeeper in managing metadata.

Distributed SystemsKafkaMessaging
0 likes · 5 min read
Visualizing Kafka: Core Concepts Explained with Diagrams
FunTester
FunTester
May 11, 2021 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a Distributed Load‑Testing Framework Using HttpRequestBase in FunTester

This article outlines the planning, design, and Java implementation of a distributed load‑testing framework called FunTester, focusing on two test‑case schemes (case transmission and execution), an HttpRequestBase‑based demo, case creation, transmission, execution, and the complete FunRequest class code.

Distributed Systemsjavaspring-boot
0 likes · 17 min read
Design and Implementation of a Distributed Load‑Testing Framework Using HttpRequestBase in FunTester
ITPUB
ITPUB
May 10, 2021 · Backend Development

Unveiling RocketMQ NameServer: How Seven Classes Power the Registry

This article breaks down the design and source‑code implementation of RocketMQ's NameServer, detailing its core responsibilities, component interactions, and the seven Java classes that together provide network handling, connection management, routing, configuration, and startup logic.

Backend ArchitectureDistributed SystemsMessage Queue
0 likes · 11 min read
Unveiling RocketMQ NameServer: How Seven Classes Power the Registry
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
May 10, 2021 · Industry Insights

Why Kafka Beats Redis List: A Deep Dive into Modern Messaging Middleware

This article compares Redis list, Kafka, and Pulsar as messaging middleware, explaining their architectures, strengths, and weaknesses—including queue fundamentals, partitioning, cursor management, consumer groups, high‑availability mechanisms, storage strategies, and consumption models—to help readers choose the right solution for large‑scale systems.

Distributed SystemsKafkaMessaging
0 likes · 30 min read
Why Kafka Beats Redis List: A Deep Dive into Modern Messaging Middleware
HelloTech
HelloTech
May 9, 2021 · Cloud Native

Distributed Message Governance and Microservice High‑Availability Practices

The guide details how to build a distributed message‑governance platform for the Hello mobility service, covering unified SDK design, RocketMQ pitfalls, client and cluster health monitoring, risk mitigation, and a tiered microservice high‑availability architecture that uses circuit‑breaking, rate‑limiting, and pre‑heating to ensure resilient traffic handling.

Distributed SystemsMessage QueueRocketMQ
0 likes · 14 min read
Distributed Message Governance and Microservice High‑Availability Practices
Top Architect
Top Architect
May 9, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding Message Queues: From Redis List to Kafka and Pulsar Architecture

This article explains the evolution of message‑queue middleware by comparing basic double‑ended queue implementations, Redis list usage, Kafka’s partitioned log design with cursor‑based consumption and high‑availability replication, and Pulsar’s compute‑storage separation using BookKeeper, while highlighting their strengths, limitations, and practical trade‑offs.

Distributed SystemsPulsar
0 likes · 30 min read
Understanding Message Queues: From Redis List to Kafka and Pulsar Architecture
macrozheng
macrozheng
May 8, 2021 · Big Data

Why Kafka 2.8 Drops Zookeeper: Architecture, Challenges, and KIP‑500

This article explains how Kafka 2.8 removes its dependency on Zookeeper, describes Kafka's core concepts and its interaction with Zookeeper, outlines the role of the Controller, discusses operational complexities and upgrade paths with KIP‑500, and highlights the benefits of the new KRaft‑based architecture.

Distributed SystemsKIP-500KRaft
0 likes · 10 min read
Why Kafka 2.8 Drops Zookeeper: Architecture, Challenges, and KIP‑500
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
May 8, 2021 · Fundamentals

Why Understanding Software Architecture Evolution Matters for Developers

This article outlines the evolution of software architecture—from monolithic to distributed, microservice, and serverless models—detailing each pattern’s structure, advantages, and drawbacks, helping developers understand how architectural choices impact scalability, maintenance, and innovation in modern software projects.

Distributed SystemsMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 12 min read
Why Understanding Software Architecture Evolution Matters for Developers
Top Architect
Top Architect
May 7, 2021 · Backend Development

Evolution of Taobao Backend Architecture: From Single‑Server Deployment to Cloud‑Native Microservices

This article uses Taobao's backend as a case study to illustrate how a system evolves from a single‑server setup to a highly available, horizontally scalable architecture through stages such as separating Tomcat and database, adding caching, introducing load balancers, read/write splitting, sharding, microservices, ESB, containerization, and finally cloud‑native deployment, while summarizing key design principles.

Cloud ComputingDistributed SystemsScalability
0 likes · 18 min read
Evolution of Taobao Backend Architecture: From Single‑Server Deployment to Cloud‑Native Microservices
Dada Group Technology
Dada Group Technology
May 7, 2021 · Operations

How JD Daojia Built a Scalable Load‑Testing Platform to Reduce Test Time to 15 Minutes

Facing rising traffic, JD Daojia’s in‑house load‑testing platform was redesigned to automate script management, enable distributed JMeter execution, integrate real‑time monitoring, and support custom RPC protocols, dramatically lowering manual effort, cutting test cycles from an hour to fifteen minutes while ensuring system stability.

AutomationDistributed SystemsJMeter
0 likes · 12 min read
How JD Daojia Built a Scalable Load‑Testing Platform to Reduce Test Time to 15 Minutes
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
May 7, 2021 · Industry Insights

How to Design a Scalable, High‑Performance Distributed E‑Commerce Architecture

This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of large‑scale distributed website architecture, covering characteristics, goals, common patterns, high‑performance and high‑availability designs, scalability, extensibility, security, agility, a seven‑layer reference model, and the evolutionary steps of modern e‑commerce systems.

Distributed SystemsMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 26 min read
How to Design a Scalable, High‑Performance Distributed E‑Commerce Architecture
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
May 6, 2021 · Industry Insights

Designing High‑Performance, Highly‑Available Large‑Scale Web Architectures

This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of large‑scale distributed website architecture, covering characteristics, goals, common patterns, high‑performance and high‑availability designs, scalability, extensibility, security, agility, a seven‑layer reference model, and a detailed e‑commerce case study with practical optimization steps.

Distributed SystemsScalabilitycaching
0 likes · 26 min read
Designing High‑Performance, Highly‑Available Large‑Scale Web Architectures
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
May 5, 2021 · Big Data

JD's OLAP Architecture: Design, Challenges, and Solutions

This article explains how JD constructs its OLAP platform from data ingestion to storage, querying, and management, describing the diverse data sources, real‑time and offline processing, scalability, consistency, fault tolerance, and future optimization plans, while addressing key technical challenges and solutions.

Big DataDistributed SystemsJD.com
0 likes · 15 min read
JD's OLAP Architecture: Design, Challenges, and Solutions
Top Architect
Top Architect
May 5, 2021 · Backend Development

Technical Summary of Large-Scale Distributed Website Architecture

This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of large-scale distributed website architecture, covering characteristics, design goals, layered patterns, performance and high‑availability optimizations, scalability, extensibility, security measures, agile practices, and the evolutionary steps of e‑commerce systems.

Distributed SystemsScalability
0 likes · 22 min read
Technical Summary of Large-Scale Distributed Website Architecture
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
May 5, 2021 · Backend Development

Technical Summary of Large‑Scale Distributed Website Architecture

The article presents a comprehensive overview of large‑scale distributed website architecture, detailing its characteristics, performance and availability goals, layered design patterns, high‑performance and high‑availability techniques, scalability, extensibility, security, and practical e‑commerce case studies.

Distributed Systemse‑commerceload balancing
0 likes · 23 min read
Technical Summary of Large‑Scale Distributed Website Architecture
Architect
Architect
May 1, 2021 · Backend Development

Technical Summary of Large‑Scale Distributed Website Architecture

This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of large‑scale distributed website architecture, covering characteristics, design goals, high‑performance, high‑availability, scalability, security, and detailed patterns such as layered design, caching, clustering, load balancing, database sharding, CDN, and service‑oriented decomposition.

Distributed Systemscachinghigh availability
0 likes · 23 min read
Technical Summary of Large‑Scale Distributed Website Architecture
Java Interview Crash Guide
Java Interview Crash Guide
Apr 30, 2021 · Operations

How Do Large Internet Companies Achieve Cross‑Region Multi‑Active High Availability?

The article explains why large internet firms adopt cross‑region multi‑active architectures for high availability, compares cold backup, hot standby, same‑city active‑active, and cross‑region active‑active solutions, discusses their trade‑offs, and presents practical design patterns and questions for implementing such systems.

Distributed SystemsOperationsdisaster recovery
0 likes · 15 min read
How Do Large Internet Companies Achieve Cross‑Region Multi‑Active High Availability?
vivo Internet Technology
vivo Internet Technology
Apr 28, 2021 · Backend Development

Tars Java RPC Client Design and Implementation Analysis

The article thoroughly examines Tars’s Java RPC client, explaining its initialization, proxy generation via JDK dynamic proxies, diverse load‑balancing strategies, NIO‑based Reactor networking, and both synchronous (CountDownLatch) and asynchronous callback mechanisms, supplemented with detailed source‑code illustrations of each component.

Client DesignDistributed SystemsNIO Selector
0 likes · 15 min read
Tars Java RPC Client Design and Implementation Analysis
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Apr 26, 2021 · Backend Development

How Ctrip Built Hermes: A Deep Dive into Scalable Message Queue Architecture

This article examines Ctrip’s Hermes messaging system, tracing its evolution from a simple Mongo‑based queue to a broker‑centric, MySQL/Kafka hybrid architecture, and explains the design choices, performance optimizations, cluster management via lease‑based meta‑server, and lessons learned for building high‑throughput, low‑latency MQ solutions.

ArchitectureCtripDistributed Systems
0 likes · 22 min read
How Ctrip Built Hermes: A Deep Dive into Scalable Message Queue Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
Apr 26, 2021 · Fundamentals

Visualizing Kafka: Core Concepts Explained with Diagrams

This article provides a visual walkthrough of Kafka's fundamental concepts—including producers, consumers, topics, partitions, and cluster architecture—illustrated with diagrams to help readers clearly understand how messages flow and are stored in a distributed streaming system.

Distributed SystemsKafkaPartitions
0 likes · 6 min read
Visualizing Kafka: Core Concepts Explained with Diagrams
Top Architect
Top Architect
Apr 24, 2021 · Fundamentals

Fundamentals of Distributed Systems: Models, Replication, Consistency, and Core Protocols

This article provides a comprehensive overview of distributed system fundamentals, covering node models, replica concepts, various consistency levels, data distribution strategies, lease-based caching, quorum mechanisms, two‑phase commit, MVCC, Paxos consensus, and the CAP theorem, illustrating each with practical examples and diagrams.

CAP theoremConsensusConsistency
0 likes · 54 min read
Fundamentals of Distributed Systems: Models, Replication, Consistency, and Core Protocols
Intelligent Backend & Architecture
Intelligent Backend & Architecture
Apr 23, 2021 · Big Data

Mastering Elasticsearch: Core Concepts, Architecture, and Performance Tips

This comprehensive guide explains Elasticsearch’s fundamentals, including its distributed architecture, indexing process, shard and replica mechanisms, query execution, near‑real‑time search, segment management, and practical optimization techniques, providing developers and engineers with the knowledge needed to design, operate, and troubleshoot large‑scale search clusters.

Distributed Systemsindexingnear real-time
0 likes · 71 min read
Mastering Elasticsearch: Core Concepts, Architecture, and Performance Tips
Laravel Tech Community
Laravel Tech Community
Apr 22, 2021 · Big Data

Apache Kafka 2.8.0 Release Highlights and New Features

Apache Kafka 2.8.0 introduces several significant enhancements, including a new group API, mutual TLS authentication for SASL_SSL listeners, JSON request/response logging, broker connection rate limiting, topic identifiers, self‑managed quorum replacing ZooKeeper, and numerous improvements to Streams and Connect APIs for more reliable real‑time data pipelines.

Apache KafkaBig DataDistributed Systems
0 likes · 2 min read
Apache Kafka 2.8.0 Release Highlights and New Features
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Apr 22, 2021 · Operations

Achieving True Multi‑Region Active‑Active: Bidirectional Sync Across Three Data Centers

This article explains how to implement a true multi‑region active‑active architecture by enabling bidirectional data synchronization among three or more data centers, covering CAP trade‑offs, distributed ID generation algorithms, center closure strategies, final consistency mechanisms, and a disaster‑recovery design.

CAP theoremDistributed Systemsdata synchronization
0 likes · 16 min read
Achieving True Multi‑Region Active‑Active: Bidirectional Sync Across Three Data Centers
Tencent Cloud Middleware
Tencent Cloud Middleware
Apr 21, 2021 · Backend Development

How Pulsar Stores Messages and How BookKeeper’s GC Keeps Them Clean

This article explains Apache Pulsar’s message storage architecture in BookKeeper, details the ledger and entry lifecycle, describes the multi‑layer caching read path, and outlines BookKeeper’s garbage‑collection process along with practical operational tips for avoiding disk‑heavy scenarios.

Apache PulsarBackendBookKeeper
0 likes · 12 min read
How Pulsar Stores Messages and How BookKeeper’s GC Keeps Them Clean
HomeTech
HomeTech
Apr 21, 2021 · Artificial Intelligence

AI-Powered Masked Danmaku: Design and Implementation

This article details the design and practical implementation of an AI-driven masked danmaku system that prevents comment overlay on video content, covering background, technology selection, instance segmentation methods, distributed task scheduling, mask generation, client rendering, performance optimizations, and future directions.

AIDistributed SystemsMask Danmaku
0 likes · 18 min read
AI-Powered Masked Danmaku: Design and Implementation
Big Data Technology & Architecture
Big Data Technology & Architecture
Apr 20, 2021 · Fundamentals

Consistent Hashing and Jump Consistent Hash: Concepts, Implementation, and Use Cases

This article explains the fundamentals of consistent hashing, compares the classic ring‑based method with the more efficient jump consistent hash algorithm, provides reference implementations in C++, discusses their time‑complexity and practical trade‑offs, and shows how they are applied in systems such as Greenplum.

Distributed SystemsGreenplumalgorithm
0 likes · 11 min read
Consistent Hashing and Jump Consistent Hash: Concepts, Implementation, and Use Cases
Java Interview Crash Guide
Java Interview Crash Guide
Apr 19, 2021 · Fundamentals

What You Need to Know About Distributed Systems: Theory, Consistency, Transactions & Redis

This comprehensive guide covers the core concepts of distributed systems—including CAP theory, consistency models, transaction protocols like 2PC/3PC and TCC, Redis features, persistence options, expiration strategies, memory eviction policies, distributed locking with Redis and Zookeeper, as well as an overview of Kafka's architecture and reliability mechanisms.

ConsistencyDistributed SystemsMessage Queue
0 likes · 34 min read
What You Need to Know About Distributed Systems: Theory, Consistency, Transactions & Redis
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Apr 19, 2021 · Backend Development

Mastering Distributed Systems: CAP, Redis, Zookeeper, Kafka and More

This comprehensive guide covers core distributed system theories, CAP consistency, transaction protocols, Redis features and persistence, Zookeeper coordination, message queue fundamentals, Kafka performance tricks, and practical solutions for caching, locking, and high‑concurrency scenarios.

Distributed SystemsKafkaZooKeeper
0 likes · 34 min read
Mastering Distributed Systems: CAP, Redis, Zookeeper, Kafka and More
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Apr 18, 2021 · Backend Development

Microservice Architecture and Its 10 Most Important Design Patterns

This article explains microservice architecture, its key characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and presents ten essential design patterns—including database per service, event sourcing, CQRS, Saga, BFF, API gateway, Strangler, circuit breaker, externalized configuration, and consumer‑driven contract testing—while offering guidance on when to apply each pattern.

Backend ArchitectureDesign PatternsDistributed Systems
0 likes · 26 min read
Microservice Architecture and Its 10 Most Important Design Patterns
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Apr 16, 2021 · Backend Development

10 Essential Microservice Design Patterns Every Backend Engineer Should Know

This comprehensive guide explains microservice architecture, its key characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and when to adopt it, then details ten crucial design patterns—including database per service, event sourcing, CQRS, Saga, BFF, API gateway, Strangler, circuit breaker, externalized configuration, and consumer‑driven contract testing—complete with pros, cons, use‑cases, and technology examples.

Backend ArchitectureDesign PatternsDistributed Systems
0 likes · 36 min read
10 Essential Microservice Design Patterns Every Backend Engineer Should Know
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Apr 14, 2021 · Cloud Native

Apache Pulsar Meetup Shenzhen: Cloud-Native Distributed Messaging and Streaming Platform

The Apache Pulsar Meetup in Shenzhen on April 17, 2021, co‑hosted by Tencent Middleware and StreamNative, will showcase Pulsar’s cloud‑native messaging, streaming, and storage capabilities through sessions on KoP migration, big‑data and IoT use cases, cloud‑native deployments, and the StreamNative Cloud Pulsar‑as‑a‑Service offering.

Apache PulsarDistributed SystemsMeetup
0 likes · 7 min read
Apache Pulsar Meetup Shenzhen: Cloud-Native Distributed Messaging and Streaming Platform
Java Interview Crash Guide
Java Interview Crash Guide
Apr 14, 2021 · Backend Development

Choosing the Right Globally Unique ID Strategy: From Auto‑Increment to Snowflake

This article compares common globally unique ID generation methods—including database auto‑increment, batch services, UUID/GUID, timestamp‑based IDs, Redis INCR, and Twitter’s Snowflake—detailing their advantages, drawbacks, and improvement options to help developers select the most suitable approach for scalability and ordering needs.

Distributed Systemsglobal IDredis
0 likes · 14 min read
Choosing the Right Globally Unique ID Strategy: From Auto‑Increment to Snowflake
21CTO
21CTO
Apr 13, 2021 · Fundamentals

Choosing the Right Architecture: Monolith, Distributed, Microservices, and Serverless

Software developers need to understand the evolution of software architectures—from simple monolithic designs to distributed applications, microservices, and serverless platforms—because each model has distinct advantages and drawbacks that affect scalability, maintainability, deployment frequency, operational complexity, and overall cost.

Distributed SystemsMicroservicesSoftware Architecture
0 likes · 13 min read
Choosing the Right Architecture: Monolith, Distributed, Microservices, and Serverless
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Apr 13, 2021 · Big Data

Kafka Architecture and Implementation Principles – Theory Part

This article provides a comprehensive, diagram‑driven explanation of Kafka’s architecture, covering producers, consumers, topics, partitions, replication, Zookeeper coordination, controller election, state machines, and the NIO‑based network model, helping readers understand the design philosophy and practical configuration implications.

ArchitectureControllerDistributed Systems
0 likes · 15 min read
Kafka Architecture and Implementation Principles – Theory Part
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Apr 12, 2021 · Backend Development

Zookeeper Command Reference and Node Management Guide

This article provides a comprehensive tutorial on Zookeeper 3.5.10, covering client and server commands, node attributes, creation, querying, updating, deletion, listing children, checking node status, watcher usage, and detailed access control mechanisms with practical command examples.

CLIDistributed SystemsNode Management
0 likes · 14 min read
Zookeeper Command Reference and Node Management Guide
Big Data Technology Architecture
Big Data Technology Architecture
Apr 11, 2021 · Big Data

Apache Kafka 2.8 Introduces KRaft: Running Without ZooKeeper

Apache Kafka 2.8 replaces ZooKeeper with an internal Quorum controller (KRaft), enabling ZooKeeper‑free operation, reducing resource usage, improving performance, and supporting larger clusters while noting that early versions lack some security and management features and are not yet production‑ready.

Distributed SystemsZooKeeper
0 likes · 4 min read
Apache Kafka 2.8 Introduces KRaft: Running Without ZooKeeper
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
Apr 9, 2021 · Backend Development

Comprehensive Comparison of Kafka, RabbitMQ, RocketMQ, and ActiveMQ Across 17 Dimensions

This article provides a detailed side‑by‑side analysis of four major distributed message‑queue systems—Kafka, RabbitMQ, RocketMQ, and ActiveMQ—examining them across seventeen criteria such as documentation, language support, protocols, storage, transactions, load balancing, clustering, management UI, availability, duplication, throughput, subscription models, ordering, acknowledgments, replay, retry, and concurrency.

ActiveMQDistributed SystemsKafka
0 likes · 22 min read
Comprehensive Comparison of Kafka, RabbitMQ, RocketMQ, and ActiveMQ Across 17 Dimensions
JD Tech
JD Tech
Apr 8, 2021 · Artificial Intelligence

Federated Learning in E‑commerce Marketing: JD.com’s 9N‑FL Platform Overview and Practices

This article explains how data islands hinder AI progress, introduces federated learning as a privacy‑preserving solution, details JD.com’s 9N‑FL platform—including its architecture, features, classification, privacy‑preserving techniques, and algorithm support—and demonstrates its successful application in e‑commerce advertising that yielded over 15% revenue growth.

AIDistributed SystemsFederated Learning
0 likes · 12 min read
Federated Learning in E‑commerce Marketing: JD.com’s 9N‑FL Platform Overview and Practices
Baidu Geek Talk
Baidu Geek Talk
Apr 7, 2021 · Backend Development

Design and Architecture of Baidu Transaction Middle Platform Order System

Baidu’s Transaction Middle Platform Order System provides a unified, cloud‑native architecture that supports diverse Baidu products by orchestrating modular commands, handling order lifecycle, payment, refunds, and splitting, while employing caching, asynchronous processing, and sharded databases to achieve high throughput and low latency.

Backend ArchitectureDistributed Systemscommand orchestration
0 likes · 16 min read
Design and Architecture of Baidu Transaction Middle Platform Order System
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Apr 5, 2021 · Operations

Design and Implementation of a Handcrafted Distributed Cluster (MyCluster)

This article describes how to design and build a native distributed cluster called MyCluster without using any existing frameworks, covering master‑slave architecture, leader election, split‑brain handling, centralized configuration management, custom communication protocols, state transitions, and client interfaces.

Cluster ArchitectureConfiguration ManagementDistributed Systems
0 likes · 13 min read
Design and Implementation of a Handcrafted Distributed Cluster (MyCluster)
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Apr 3, 2021 · Backend Development

Evolution of Software Architecture: Monolithic, Distributed, Microservices, and Serverless

The article explains the progression of software architecture from simple monolithic designs through distributed applications and microservices to modern serverless solutions, outlining each model's structure, advantages, disadvantages, and impact on development and operations for software engineers.

Distributed SystemsServerlessmonolithic
0 likes · 11 min read
Evolution of Software Architecture: Monolithic, Distributed, Microservices, and Serverless
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Apr 2, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding the Essence of Architecture: A Deep Dive into Weibo’s Large‑Scale System Design

The article explores the fundamental concepts of software architecture, illustrating how massive platforms like Weibo handle millions of users through layered design, service decomposition, multi‑level caching, distributed tracing, and capacity planning to achieve high scalability and reliability.

ArchitectureBackendDistributed Systems
0 likes · 21 min read
Understanding the Essence of Architecture: A Deep Dive into Weibo’s Large‑Scale System Design
Meituan Technology Team
Meituan Technology Team
Apr 1, 2021 · Databases

Meituan's Graph Database Selection and Platform Construction

Meituan evaluated open‑source distributed graph databases against strict latency, scale, and import criteria, selected NebulaGraph for its superior multi‑hop query and bulk‑load performance, and built a four‑layer, highly available platform that ingests petabyte‑scale data in real time, supports diverse business use cases, and provides interactive visualization.

Distributed SystemsGraph DatabaseNebulaGraph
0 likes · 21 min read
Meituan's Graph Database Selection and Platform Construction
Ops Development Stories
Ops Development Stories
Apr 1, 2021 · Operations

Zookeeper Leader Election Explained: Cluster Architecture & Code Walkthrough

This article provides a comprehensive overview of Zookeeper's cluster deployment, explains the four server states, details the leader election process—including initialization, voting, and decision logic—and presents key source code snippets to help developers understand and implement Zookeeper's high‑availability mechanisms.

Cluster ManagementDistributed SystemsZooKeeper
0 likes · 10 min read
Zookeeper Leader Election Explained: Cluster Architecture & Code Walkthrough
NiuNiu MaTe
NiuNiu MaTe
Mar 31, 2021 · Backend Development

How to Ensure Reliable Service‑to‑Service Messaging: 5 Proven Retry Strategies

This article explores why reliable inter‑service communication is essential in microservice architectures, illustrates common pitfalls with real‑world examples, and presents five practical retry and persistence solutions—including fast retry, in‑memory queues, persistent queues, retry services, and pre‑notification—to improve message delivery reliability.

Distributed SystemsMessage QueueMicroservices
0 likes · 11 min read
How to Ensure Reliable Service‑to‑Service Messaging: 5 Proven Retry Strategies
Architects Research Society
Architects Research Society
Mar 29, 2021 · Operations

eBay’s Scalability Best Practices: Functional Partitioning, Horizontal Sharding, Asynchronous Decoupling, and More

The article outlines eBay’s practical scalability principles—including functional partitioning, horizontal sharding, avoiding distributed transactions, aggressive asynchronous decoupling, moving work to async pipelines, virtualization, and intelligent caching—demonstrating how large‑scale web systems can be designed for linear growth and high availability.

AsynchronousDistributed SystemsScalability
0 likes · 14 min read
eBay’s Scalability Best Practices: Functional Partitioning, Horizontal Sharding, Asynchronous Decoupling, and More
Sohu Tech Products
Sohu Tech Products
Mar 24, 2021 · Backend Development

The Essence of Architecture: Insights from Large‑Scale Systems like Weibo

This article explores the fundamental principles of system architecture, illustrating how large‑scale services such as Uber and Weibo handle massive traffic through strategic abstraction, modularization, performance optimization, multi‑level caching, distributed tracing, and operational best practices to achieve scalability and reliability.

ArchitectureDistributed SystemsScalability
0 likes · 21 min read
The Essence of Architecture: Insights from Large‑Scale Systems like Weibo
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Mar 24, 2021 · Cloud Native

Understanding Microservice Orchestration with Zeebe: Architecture, Features, and Implementation

The article explains how Zeebe, a cloud‑native workflow engine, orchestrates microservices by separating task logic from coordination, detailing its BPMN‑based architecture (client, gateway, brokers, exporters), core features such as real‑time visibility, horizontal scalability, fault tolerance, message‑driven processing, and showcases Java job‑worker code and benchmark results demonstrating tens of thousands of workflow instances per second.

Distributed SystemsWorkflow EngineZeebe
0 likes · 22 min read
Understanding Microservice Orchestration with Zeebe: Architecture, Features, and Implementation