This article presents a comprehensive set of Docker and Kubernetes multiple‑choice questions, including single‑ and multiple‑answer formats, to help readers self‑evaluate their containerization knowledge and identify areas for further study in the field.
A morning outage revealed an ingress‑nginx CrashLoopBackOff caused by a non‑TLS secret, and this article walks through the log analysis, code inspection of the controller startup, the faulty extractTLSSecretName logic, and the two‑pronged fix to prevent future crashes.
Fluid is an open‑source cloud‑native data orchestration and acceleration system that runs on Kubernetes, offering storage‑agnostic datasets, distributed caching, intelligent scheduling, and performance optimizations for data‑intensive AI and big‑data workloads.
This comprehensive guide walks beginners through Kubernetes fundamentals, explaining the architecture, core objects such as Pods, Deployments, Services, and Ingress, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for configuring kubectl, deploying resources, managing updates, and troubleshooting common issues.
The article explains why Kubernetes is notoriously difficult to use, detailing four main pain points—complex initial setup, confusing YAML syntax, copy‑paste pitfalls, and hard debugging—and then offers practical suggestions to make the platform more approachable.
This article explains how to design and implement a highly available Jenkins distributed architecture using master‑slave nodes, label‑based scheduling, containerized deployment on Kubernetes, and LVS load balancing to improve resource utilization, scalability, and fault tolerance for large‑scale CI pipelines.
This guide walks participants through creating a high‑availability MySQL Plus cluster, configuring automatic disk expansion, shutting down via API, and setting up a QKE KubeSphere cluster with Harbor registry and a custom Kubernetes plugin, using QingCloud’s cloud platform resources.
This article demystifies Kubernetes by explaining its core scheduling function, the role of Pods, YAML configuration, probes, high‑availability constructs like ReplicaSet and Deployment, internal components, resource limits, and practical cluster‑setup tools, providing a comprehensive guide for newcomers and practitioners alike.
This article explains how ByteDance's private cloud platform TCE leverages Kubernetes deployments, oversubscription, elastic scaling, and mixed online‑offline resource sharing to dramatically improve cluster resource utilization while maintaining service stability during traffic peaks and valleys.
This guide walks through installing Loki and Promtail in local mode, configuring Nginx to emit JSON logs, adjusting Promtail settings, and using LogQL’s JSON extraction (with and without parameters) to build queries that count successful Nginx requests over a selectable time range.
This guide explains why etcd backup is critical for Kubernetes disaster recovery, walks through snapshot creation, distribution, scheduled cron jobs, and provides a step‑by‑step procedure to restore the cluster on all nodes, ensuring services resume correctly.
This guide introduces GoTTY, a tool that converts command-line programs into web applications, covering installation, basic usage, and advanced deployment inside Kubernetes using Docker images and service exposure.
This guide explains how OpenYurt's UnitedDeployment abstracts multiple Deployments for edge nodes, reduces operational complexity, and adds per‑pool patch capabilities to handle image upgrades, private registries, and resource variations, with step‑by‑step examples and full YAML manifests.
This article explains Calico’s IPIP networking mode in Kubernetes, detailing its architecture, core components, routing behavior, packet encapsulation, and practical verification through ping tests, route inspection, and packet captures, helping readers understand cross‑node pod communication.
This article explains Docker and Kubernetes logging challenges, compares logging drivers, introduces S6‑based container logging, and presents a node‑level log‑agent architecture using Filebeat, Logrotate, Kafka, and Elasticsearch to achieve reliable, auto‑rotating log collection in production environments.
ChaosBlade, Alibaba’s open‑source chaos engineering project now advancing through CNCF Sandbox, offers a comprehensive suite—including the chaosblade experiment tool and chaosblade‑box platform—to simulate over 200 scenarios across hosts, Kubernetes, and multi‑language applications, with automated deployment, extensible architecture, and enterprise adoption examples.
This article explains what Kubernetes Jobs and CronJobs are, outlines common use cases, and provides detailed, code‑rich instructions for creating, configuring, and managing them—including parallel execution, random naming, and key parameters—so you can automate batch and ad‑hoc tasks in a cloud‑native environment.
This article introduces the growing family of k*s projects—k0s, k1s, k3s, k9s, k14s and more—explaining their origins, key features, and how they differ from the mainstream Kubernetes distribution, offering a concise guide for cloud‑native developers.
This article explains how to use container orchestration platforms such as Kubernetes, Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS), and Helm to manage, scale, and deploy microservice‑based applications across multiple containers and hosts, ensuring high availability and production‑ready operations.
This article examines Calico’s IPIP networking mode in Kubernetes, detailing its architecture, core components, IPIP vs BGP operation, route analysis, packet‑capture findings, and pod‑to‑service communication to illustrate how IP encapsulation facilitates cross‑node traffic.
This article explores the range of open‑source cloud platforms and tools—such as AppScale, Kubernetes, OpenStack, and monitoring solutions—highlighting how they provide flexible, cost‑effective alternatives to proprietary public‑cloud services for modern IT strategies.
This article outlines essential Kubernetes best‑practice guidelines for production environments, covering health probes, resource allocation, RBAC, cluster configuration, networking policies, monitoring, logging, stateless design, autoscaling, runtime security, and strategies for zero‑downtime and failure recovery.
The CNCF 2020‑2021 Cloud Native Survey in China reveals rapid growth in container usage, widespread adoption of Kubernetes, increased reliance on public cloud, expanding CI/CD and serverless practices, and a surge in the use of CNCF projects, highlighting the maturing cloud‑native ecosystem across Chinese enterprises.
This article explains how Kubernetes exposes applications using Service types, NodePort, LoadBalancer, and Ingress, compares popular Ingress controllers such as Nginx, Kong, and Envoy, and presents a CRD‑based gateway management architecture for both cloud and on‑premise environments.
This guide details a complete GitLab‑based CI/CD workflow that starts with issue and milestone creation, defines feature‑branch pipelines, builds and tests Java applications, performs code analysis, creates Docker images, and deploys to Kubernetes with controlled pipeline triggers and rollback strategies.
This article demystifies Kubernetes by explaining its scheduling fundamentals, the role of Pods, essential YAML configurations, health probes, high‑availability objects, service types, and core internal components, providing a comprehensive guide for developers and operators.
This article explains how Kubernetes Headless Services and DNS can be used to discover and connect to the IP addresses of all Pods behind a Service, with a step‑by‑step example using a MongoDB replica set.
This guide explains how Alibaba Cloud's ACK Cloud Controller Manager now supports attaching both in‑cluster nodes and external ECS instances to the same CLB backend, enabling smooth traffic migration, canary releases, and multi‑cluster high‑availability with step‑by‑step instructions and code examples.
This guide explains how to control Kubernetes pod placement using nodeName, nodeSelector, node and pod affinity (hard and soft), taints and tolerations, as well as pod lifecycle features such as restart policies, init containers, lifecycle hooks, and liveness/readiness probes, with concrete YAML examples and commands.
This article surveys the most popular open‑source projects for Site Reliability Engineering and DevOps, covering monitoring, deployment, chaos testing, and observability tools such as Cloudprober, Istio, Prometheus, Litmus, and more, highlighting their key features and how they help build scalable, high‑reliability cloud‑native systems.
The article describes how a rapidly growing development team built a one‑click, cloud‑native platform that automates the provisioning, configuration, Docker image creation, and Kubernetes deployment of diverse test environments, addressing challenges such as heterogeneous tech stacks, middleware variety, and configuration inconsistencies.
This article explains how Nexus Repository can serve as a centralized, enterprise‑grade Docker and Helm registry, detailing repository types, configuration steps, and practical commands for creating, exposing, and using a private container registry within a Kubernetes environment.
This guide introduces Traefik Mesh, a lightweight, non‑intrusive service mesh built on Traefik and SMI‑compatible Kubernetes, explains its sidecar‑free architecture, details installation via Helm, outlines static and dynamic configuration options, and provides step‑by‑step examples for deploying and testing services with traffic routing, retries, ACLs, and traffic splitting.
Learn how to monitor, limit, and optimize Kubernetes expenses with nine practical techniques—including resource constraints, autoscaling, right-sized instances, Spot instances, sleep schedules, regular clean‑ups, and tagging—to dramatically reduce cloud costs while maintaining performance.
This article details Zhihu’s transition from a Sqoop‑driven data integration system to a Flink‑centric platform, covering business scenarios, historical architecture, design goals, technology choices, performance optimizations, and future plans for unified streaming‑batch processing across diverse storage systems.
This article analyzes why Kubernetes pods experience occasional one‑second connect() delays due to SNAT port‑collision issues in the iptables conntrack table, explains the underlying networking mechanisms, and offers practical mitigation techniques such as random‑fully SNAT selection and long‑lived connections.
ByteDance’s cloud‑native migration of stateful services uses a custom SolarService extending StatefulSet with Budset CRD to handle versioned data, shard‑aware routing, NUMA‑aware scheduling, advanced storage, eBPF monitoring, and automated PDB eviction, delivering efficiency, cost savings, and reliable rolling upgrades.
At an April 10 technical salon, iQIYI’s Zhao Wei detailed the company’s shift from Mesos‑Marathon to Kubernetes, describing container application scenarios, evolving network stacks from bridge/NAT to Cilium/BGP, the adoption of Containerd with RunC and optional Kata runtimes, performance trade‑offs, and a hybrid scheduling approach that improves resource utilization across offline and online services.
This article explains common Kubernetes component and node failures, introduces the Node Problem Detector (NPD) for monitoring and reporting issues, and provides step‑by‑step deployment, configuration, and remediation procedures to keep clusters reliable.
Meituan’s Nest Serverless platform, built on native Kubernetes with Knative‑inspired components, delivers elastic scaling, rapid cold‑start reduction, multi‑region high availability, and integrated developer tools, enabling higher resource utilization, lower costs, and up to 40 % faster development across diverse business scenarios.
This article explains how Alibaba's KubeProbe system combines black‑box probing and directed inspections to detect issues in massive ASI Kubernetes clusters before users notice them, detailing the architecture, implementation, integration with release pipelines, and real‑world results that improve reliability and operational efficiency.
This tutorial walks through creating a MySQL master‑slave replication cluster on Kubernetes using a StatefulSet, local persistent volumes, custom StorageClass, ConfigMap, Secret, and Services, showing how to initialize, scale, and verify data synchronization across pods.
This article introduces Redis, explains why it is popular, describes the architecture of a Redis Cluster, and provides a complete step‑by‑step tutorial for deploying, initializing, validating, and testing a Redis Cluster on Kubernetes with sample code and a hit‑counter application.
This article surveys the 11 most popular open‑source DevOps tools—including Kubernetes, Docker, Istio, GitHub Actions, Jenkins, Prometheus, Ansible, Chef, Terraform, JAMStack, and ELK Stack—while also highlighting the DevOps Foundation certification that helps professionals master these technologies.
This article provides a comprehensive step‑by‑step tutorial on designing, implementing, and deploying a simple Java Spring Boot microservice system on Kubernetes, covering architecture design, registration center, monitoring with Prometheus and Grafana, logging, tracing, flow control, and verification using tools such as Zipkin and Sentinel.
This article explains the step‑by‑step process by which kubelet creates a sandbox container, invokes the CNI interface, runs Calico’s ADD command, and sets up routes, virtual interfaces, and IP allocation for pods in a Kubernetes cluster, including relevant Go code excerpts.
Learn a systematic approach to diagnosing Kubernetes core component issues by identifying faulty nodes, analyzing logs via systemd or static pods, and leveraging Go's pprof tool for performance profiling, including step‑by‑step commands and UI visualizations for components like kube‑apiserver, scheduler, controller‑manager, and kubelet.
This article introduces Prometheus fundamentals, its architecture and metric types, then walks through a complete Kubernetes deployment—including namespace, RBAC, ConfigMap, and various exporters—showing how to collect metrics, configure alerts, and visualize data with Grafana, while highlighting limitations and future improvements.
This article explains the limitations of Docker‑based logging, compares logging drivers, and presents a Kubernetes‑wide log collection architecture that uses an S6‑based base image, Filebeat, logrotate, Kafka, and Elasticsearch to achieve reliable, scalable log aggregation.
This article explains why monitoring is essential for production stability, compares white‑box and black‑box approaches, details the advantages of Prometheus, walks through its architecture, metric types, query language, high‑availability strategies with Thanos, and provides practical Kubernetes deployment manifests and configuration tips.
This article walks through installing Docker Desktop on Apple M1 Macs, explains required Rosetta support, shows how to run and manage containers—including a Redis example—covers Docker Desktop preferences, resource settings, and built‑in Kubernetes, and highlights practical tips and known limitations.
On April 17, CNCF and Alibaba hosted KubeMeet in Hangzhou where experts from Alibaba, Ctrip and Fourth Paradigm shared real‑world practices and challenges of cloud‑native application management, highlighting the roles of OAM, KubeVela and OpenKruise in enterprise Kubernetes deployments.
This article explores Knative’s traffic routing and autoscaling mechanisms, detailing how requests are initially directed through the Activator during cold‑start, how VirtualService configurations evolve, and how newer versions shift traffic handling to Kubernetes Service/Endpoint layers, improving performance and decoupling gateway logic.
This article explains Docker and Kubernetes logging challenges, compares engine and container logs, shows why the Docker daemon becomes a bottleneck, and demonstrates a scalable solution using S6‑based images, Filebeat, logrotate, and a node‑agent architecture to collect, rotate, and forward logs to Kafka and Elasticsearch.
This article explains how to collect, process, and visualize Flink job logs on Kubernetes using an EFK stack with Fluentd, covering logging architectures, deployment of Elasticsearch, Kibana, and Fluentd, and the backend logic for querying and displaying logs in a feature platform.
This article details BTC.com’s journey in building a real‑time OLAP platform for blockchain data, covering business background, challenges, architectural evolution, technology choices such as Flink and ClickHouse, optimization techniques, monitoring, and future directions.
This article, based on a Volcano Engine developer community meetup, compares Spring Cloud and cloud‑native technologies, explains their evolution, and demonstrates how to replace Spring Cloud’s core capabilities—such as configuration, service discovery, traffic management, and auto‑scaling—with Kubernetes, Istio, and other cloud‑native tools.
Kubernetes 1.21, the first 2021 release, introduces 51 enhancements—including stable CronJobs, immutable Secrets and ConfigMaps, IPv4/IPv6 dual‑stack, graceful node shutdown, a PersistentVolume health monitor, and several deprecations—while simplifying the build process and offering new download options.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Kubernetes architecture, covering container operations, core components, multi‑center deployment models, service discovery methods, pod resource sharing, CNI plugins, load‑balancing layers, isolation dimensions, network principles, and IP address classifications.
The 2020‑2021 Cloud‑Native Technology Landing Survey, conducted by CNBPA, Lingqu Cloud and the Cloud‑Native Community, collected 783 responses from finance, manufacturing, energy, pharma, telecom and government sectors, revealing that cloud‑native adoption—including containers, DevOps, micro‑services, Kubernetes, Service Mesh and cloud‑native databases—has roughly doubled in production environments and is now the primary driver of digital transformation in traditional enterprises.
This article explains how Spinnaker enables continuous delivery on Kubernetes by describing its role, architecture, pipeline design, workflow steps, and best practices for deploying applications across multiple cloud providers in a cloud‑native environment.
This article explains the fundamental principles of Kubernetes container networking, covering network namespaces, veth pairs, bridges, iptables, and routing, and compares intra‑host communication with cross‑host solutions such as CNI plugins, overlay, host‑gw, and Calico’s BGP‑based approaches.
This article provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of Kubernetes, covering its core architecture, the workflow of creating deployments, pod fundamentals, scaling and rolling updates, networking basics, service discovery, and external access methods such as NodePort, LoadBalancer, and Ingress.
KubeVela, an open‑source programmable cloud‑native application platform built on OAM and Kubernetes, transforms traditional PaaS limitations by using CUE templates to define modular capabilities, integrates Helm, supports multi‑cluster deployments, and enables self‑service delivery, making application shipping faster and more flexible.
Kubernetes 1.21, the first 2021 release, introduces 51 enhancements—including stable CronJobs, immutable Secrets/ConfigMaps, dual‑stack IPv4/IPv6 support, graceful node shutdown, and new health monitoring for PersistentVolumes—while deprecating PodSecurityPolicy and TopologyKeys and offering a suite of new beta and stable features for cloud‑native workloads.
Through a series of benchmark tests comparing simple, logging‑enabled microservices written in Java (Helidon) and Go (Go‑Kit), the authors evaluate whether Java can achieve Go‑like performance, exploring JVM tuning, GraalVM native images, and Kubernetes deployments to uncover speed, memory, and scalability trade‑offs.
Kubernetes 1.21 introduces 51 enhancements—including stable CronJobs, immutable Secrets/ConfigMaps, dual‑stack networking, graceful node shutdown, and PersistentVolume health monitoring—while deprecating PodSecurityPolicy and topologyKeys, and provides links to full release notes and download resources.
This article demonstrates how to build a MySQL master‑slave replication cluster on Kubernetes by leveraging StatefulSet for stateful pod management, local persistent volumes for storage, and a series of YAML manifests and commands to configure storage classes, PVs, ConfigMaps, Secrets, Services, and the StatefulSet itself, while also showing how to verify replication and scale the replica set.
This article explains how SuperEdge extends native Kubernetes with a service‑group mechanism that provides topology‑aware service routing at the edge, compares it with the upstream Kubernetes service‑topology feature, and details the controller, wrapper, cache, and handler implementations with code examples.
This article outlines Kubernetes cluster components and presents practical single‑cluster and multi‑cluster deployment architectures, covering component interactions, load‑balancer designs, pre‑deployment preparations, Ansible‑driven automation, and operational benefits for private‑cloud PaaS environments.
This article explains how to deploy a PyFlink feature platform on Kubernetes, covering basic K8s concepts, Flink execution graphs, various deployment modes, preparation steps, detailed Standalone and Native deployment procedures, and practical tips for efficient big‑data processing.
This guide presents a concise, step‑by‑step roadmap for mastering Go, covering beginner fundamentals, essential packages, and advanced cloud‑native projects like Etcd, Docker, Kubernetes, and Istio, while offering practical study tips and career insights.
This article explains three practical methods—Sealed Secrets, Helm Secrets, and Kamus—for encrypting Kubernetes secrets, covering their principles, encryption and decryption processes, installation steps, and usage examples with full command‑line and manifest snippets to securely store sensitive data in GitOps workflows.
Prometheus, favored for cloud‑native monitoring, is deployed at G‑Bank using the Prometheus Operator and CRDs to automate service discovery, rule management, and alerting, while addressing performance limits, metric accuracy, storage strategies, and closed‑loop monitoring to achieve scalable, distributed observability.
This article explains the concepts of SLI and SLO, shows how to select appropriate indicators, introduces Google’s VALET method, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for deploying the Service Level Operator on a Kubernetes cluster with Prometheus and Grafana for full SLI/SLO monitoring and alerting.
With cloud adoption shifting to rapid, low‑cost deployment, Alibaba Cloud’s Open Platform offers an end‑to‑end solution that automates product activation, quota management, reserved‑instance optimization, and RAM policy export using Terraform, Argo, and Kubernetes, enabling fully automated, elastic, and cost‑effective cloud workloads.
The article explains how confidential computing, built on trusted execution environments like Intel SGX, addresses data‑in‑use security, outlines the technical hurdles developers face, and showcases Ant Group's open‑source SOFAEnclave components—Occlum, HyperEnclave, and KubeTEE—highlighting Rust’s pivotal contribution.
This article provides a concise, illustrated explanation of the relationship between Kubernetes and Docker, covering official definitions, virtualization and deployment perspectives, and how Kubernetes manages Docker containers, helping readers grasp core concepts and practical usage in modern cloud-native environments.
This article details RocketMQ's 2020 Double‑11 transformation, covering its migration to a Kubernetes‑based operator, a MessageType‑indexed filter optimization that cut CPU usage by up to 32%, and the introduction of a POP consumption model that eliminates rebalance‑induced latency and improves reliability.
This article explains how the open‑source Fluid project addresses the inefficiencies of data‑intensive AI and big‑data workloads in cloud‑native Kubernetes environments by introducing a data‑centric abstraction, dual orchestration mechanisms, and seamless integration with Alluxio to achieve faster, secure, and scalable data access.
This article explains how to back up a Kubernetes cluster by comparing etcd snapshot backups, resource‑level backups with tools like Velero, PX‑Backup and Kasten, and provides practical commands for creating snapshots, schedules, PVC migrations, and hook configurations.
Meituan's elastic scaling system evolved from Hulk 1.0 on OpenStack to Hulk 2.0 on Kubernetes, adding micro‑services, quota management, hybrid‑cloud pools, and automated scheduling, thereby delivering cost savings, high‑availability handling of holiday peaks, delivery spikes, anti‑scraping needs, and SaaS releases, while future plans target stability, usability, and emerging technologies.
This article explains Redis fundamentals, its typical use cases, and presents a detailed cloud‑native deployment architecture on Kubernetes—including Server, Proxy, ConfigServer components, placement strategies, storage handling, scaling, and upgrade procedures—illustrated with diagrams and practical operator workflows.
This article explains how UCloud's Serverless container product Cube integrates Virtual Kubelet with Kubernetes, why kube-proxy is unsuitable for lightweight serverless VMs, and how an eBPF‑based Rust proxy (cproxy) provides efficient service discovery and superior performance across different service scales.
This guide explains how to use Ingress‑Nginx 0.21+ Canary annotations to perform blue‑green, canary, and A/B testing deployments on Kubernetes, covering annotation syntax, priority rules, and step‑by‑step examples with weight‑based, header‑based, and cookie‑based traffic splitting.
The article analyzes the instability of a company's Kubernetes clusters, identifies root causes such as unstable release processes, lack of monitoring, logging, and documentation, and proposes comprehensive solutions including a Kubernetes‑centric CI/CD pipeline, federated Prometheus monitoring, Elasticsearch logging, centralized documentation, and integrated traffic management with Kong and Istio.
Accidental namespace deletions in Kubernetes can cause massive data loss, but by using etcd snapshots, resource‑level backup tools like Velero, PX‑Backup, and Kasten, and configuring scheduled backups, hooks, and PVC migration, you can protect clusters, streamline recovery, and avoid painful manual redeployments.
This article explains why monitoring is essential for production stability, introduces Prometheus fundamentals, metric naming conventions, query types, and high‑availability solutions such as Thanos federation, then walks through a complete Kubernetes deployment including StatefulSets, RBAC, Pushgateway, Alertmanager, and Ingress configuration.
OpenYurt adds edge‑computing capabilities to a vanilla Kubernetes cluster by providing a non‑intrusive, one‑click conversion that enables autonomous edge nodes, with YurtHub and dual‑read‑closer mechanisms handling cached, filtered, and streamed data efficiently.
This article explains how to design and implement a unified log collection architecture for Docker containers and Kubernetes clusters using S6‑based images, Filebeat, logrotate, Kafka, Logstash, and Elasticsearch, addressing common challenges such as log rotation, daemon bottlenecks, and dynamic configuration.
This article explains why Knative is needed to simplify Kubernetes‑based serverless workloads, describes its core modules and traffic‑based gray release capabilities, and shows how Alibaba Cloud's ASK platform integrates with Knative to reduce operational complexity, improve elasticity, and lower costs.
Facing challenges of distributed microservice architectures, Tencent’s Smart Retail team built a full‑link performance monitoring platform using Apache SkyWalking and the cloud‑native TSW service, detailing architecture, agent integration, deployment steps, and performance impact to guide similar observability implementations.
This article details how Fangduoduo built an integrated, cloud‑native CI/CD release system—combining Vue front‑end, Python back‑end, Jenkins, Gerrit, Docker Swarm and Kubernetes—to automate builds, deployments, version control, testing, and service maintenance, dramatically boosting development efficiency.
This article explains how KubeVela converts an AppFile into a Kubernetes Application by outlining the two‑stage process, showing the relevant Go source code for the `vela up` command, detailing the AppFile and Application data structures, and describing the controller logic that renders the final Kubernetes resources.
This guide explains how to install Kubenurse as a DaemonSet in a Kubernetes cluster, configure its ingress and ServiceMonitor resources, and use Prometheus and Grafana to visualize comprehensive network health metrics such as latency, DNS errors, and API server connectivity.
This article details a real-world case where a JD Cloud engineer overcomes Kubernetes service limitations to enable external access to ClusterIP services and pods, exploring service types, network routing, packet capture analysis, and the solution of enabling kube-proxy’s masquerade‑all feature.
The article introduces ChaosBlade‑Box, an open‑source cloud‑native chaos‑engineering console that builds on Alibaba’s ChaosBlade tool, explains the high‑availability challenges of cloud‑native systems, details the platform’s design, features, multi‑language support, deployment workflow, example experiments, and future roadmap for resilient architectures.
This article explains why using a single docker run command or Docker Compose is insufficient for reliable Java service deployment, introduces Kubernetes as a cloud‑native orchestration platform, and details its architecture and essential objects such as Pods, Deployments, Services, and ConfigMaps.
Over three years of running Kubernetes in production across on‑premise RHEL VMs and AWS EC2, we learned hard‑won lessons about Java container compatibility, upgrade strategies, build and deployment pipelines, probe tuning, external IP scaling, and when Kubernetes truly adds value.
This article provides a step‑by‑step tutorial on designing a simple front‑back separation microservice system, implementing it with Java Spring Boot, and deploying the whole solution on a Kubernetes cluster with high‑availability features, monitoring, logging, tracing, and traffic control.
