This comprehensive guide compares Apache and Nginx architectures, benchmarks static and dynamic workloads, explores high‑concurrency testing, and provides detailed tuning steps for both servers along with real‑world case studies and future trends such as HTTP/3 and container deployment.
This guide explains why HTTP security headers are crucial, walks through core headers like CSP, X‑Frame‑Options, HSTS, Referrer‑Policy and Permissions‑Policy, provides Nginx, Apache and Node.js configuration examples, and shows how to test and automate their deployment for robust web protection.
This article breaks down Nginx's core concurrency mechanisms—including asynchronous non‑blocking event‑driven processing, the master‑worker process model, epoll‑based I/O multiplexing, and its lightweight design—showing how it efficiently serves massive traffic with minimal resources.
This article walks through common high‑traffic issues such as 502/504 errors, CPU spikes, and connection limits, then provides step‑by‑step Nginx core, event, and HTTP configuration tweaks, advanced connection‑pool and caching settings, rate‑limiting, multi‑level cache strategies, load‑balancing, OS kernel tuning, monitoring scripts, and a practical checklist to achieve stable 100k+ concurrent connections with low latency.
This guide walks you through the common high‑traffic pain points of Nginx, explains why configuration and tuning matter more than hardware, and provides step‑by‑step core, advanced, OS‑level, monitoring, and troubleshooting configurations to reliably handle tens of thousands of concurrent connections.
This article explains Nginx's event‑driven architecture, asynchronous non‑blocking I/O, and master‑worker multi‑process model, showing how these techniques eliminate waiting, maximize resource utilization, and enable the server to handle massive concurrent connections efficiently.
This comprehensive guide walks you through why Ansible is essential for modern ops, explains its agentless, declarative, and idempotent advantages, shows step‑by‑step environment setup, inventory creation, playbook and template writing, and covers advanced techniques like rolling updates, vault encryption, dynamic inventory, performance tuning, CI/CD integration, monitoring, and rollback strategies.
This step‑by‑step guide shows how to set up a Raspberry Pi Zero W, flash Raspbian Stretch Lite, configure Wi‑Fi and SSH, optimize the system with local mirrors, install Nginx, and expose the server to the internet using ngrok, turning a credit‑card‑sized board into a functional web host.
This article explains how to design a high‑availability, million‑level concurrent architecture using LVS for layer‑4 load distribution, Nginx for intelligent application‑layer routing, and Keepalived for automatic failover, illustrated with clear diagrams and practical insights.
This article explains what a 502 Bad Gateway response means, how Nginx as a reverse‑proxy generates it, common root causes such as upstream timeouts or crashes, and step‑by‑step methods to locate the problem using logs, monitoring data and configuration checks.
This article explains Nginx’s lightweight, high‑concurrency design, detailing its master‑worker process model, asynchronous event‑driven reactor pattern, and key advantages such as stability, hot‑reloading, and efficient I/O handling for modern web applications.
This article walks through practical Nginx performance tuning—optimizing worker processes, expanding connection limits, enabling caching and gzip, adjusting kernel parameters, and providing a one‑click diagnostic script—backed by real benchmark data that shows up to five‑fold improvements in concurrency and response times.
This article explains the Nginx map directive, its syntax and core concept of creating new variables from existing ones, and demonstrates practical applications such as cookie‑based environment routing and secure multi‑domain CORS handling with clear code examples.
This article walks through designing and implementing an enterprise‑grade API gateway with Nginx and OpenResty, covering architecture, dynamic routing, load balancing, rate limiting, circuit breaking, authentication, request transformation, caching strategies, observability, high‑availability deployment, and real‑world performance results.
By configuring Nginx’s resolver and resolve directives to query the cluster DNS and using fully‑qualified service names, you can make Nginx re‑resolve backend Pod IPs dynamically, preventing 502 errors when Pods restart or scale in a Kubernetes environment.
Compressing HTTP responses with Nginx gzip improves user experience by reducing load times and cuts bandwidth costs, while proper configuration—such as setting compression level, buffer sizes, MIME types, and handling static compression—avoids common mistakes that can render gzip ineffective in production environments.
This comprehensive guide walks you through designing, configuring, and optimizing a production‑grade Nginx cluster with 99.99% availability, covering architecture principles, load‑balancing algorithms, Keepalived failover, monitoring, performance tuning, failure‑injection drills, and advanced automation techniques.
This guide walks you through using the open‑source nginx‑gui tool to visually manage Nginx configuration, monitor performance, and set up the application on Linux, including download, configuration file tweaks, Linux‑specific renaming, server deployment, and a look at current features and pending improvements.
This article explains how to build a dynamic IP blacklist using Nginx, Lua scripts, and Redis, covering the problem definition, environment setup, design choices, Nginx configuration, Lua script implementation, testing, and extensions such as use‑case scenarios and advanced features.
This guide explains how to create a dynamic IP blacklist that blocks malicious crawlers and users by configuring Nginx with Lua scripts and a Redis store, covering requirements, environment setup, design options, configuration files, Lua code, summary of benefits, use cases, and advanced extensions.
This article explains Nginx's high‑performance architecture, detailing the roles of the Master and Worker processes, their responsibilities, and the step‑by‑step workflow from receiving a client request to generating and sending the HTTP response.
An experienced ops engineer shares a production incident caused by mis‑chosen Nginx load‑balancing, compares Weighted Round‑Robin and IP‑Hash in depth, presents a week‑long stress test, offers best‑practice configurations, common pitfalls, performance‑tuning tips, and actionable recommendations for reliable traffic distribution.
This tutorial walks through deploying SRS in Docker, persisting its configuration, mapping required ports, customizing the rtmp2rtc.conf file, and optionally exposing the WebRTC signaling service via Nginx with HTTPS, providing all commands and configuration snippets needed for a successful setup.
This article explains the fundamental differences between forward and reverse proxies, covering their service objects, typical application scenarios, configuration locations, and how each hides identities, with illustrative diagrams to help backend developers understand Nginx’s role in modern architectures.
This article explains how Nginx master‑slave (high‑availability) setups work, why a virtual IP is used, and how Keepalived monitors health and automatically fails over to ensure continuous service without single‑point failures.
This guide explains what PackVault is, lists its core features, walks through environment and platform configuration, shows essential Composer and Laravel Artisan commands, and provides detailed Nginx deployment snippets for running a private PHP package repository.
This guide explains how Nginx functions as a load balancer and reverse proxy, covering its event‑driven architecture, worker processes, and core mechanisms, and details common balancing algorithms such as round‑robin, least connections, IP hash, weighted round‑robin and weighted least connections with full configuration examples and monitoring commands.
This comprehensive guide walks you through Nginx performance tuning, covering worker process configuration, CPU affinity, file descriptor limits, gzip compression, caching strategies, security hardening, and Linux kernel tweaks to dramatically improve throughput and reliability.
Mike Chen explains how Nginx static‑dynamic separation works, detailing the concept, benefits, and a complete configuration that routes static files directly while proxying dynamic requests to an application server, thereby boosting response speed, resource utilization, and overall website performance.
A personal case study shows how a sudden surge of malicious bot traffic exhausted CDN bandwidth, how enabling referer‑based anti‑hotlinking blocked the attack, and how a local Nginx + Proxifier setup restored image access for the author’s notes.
This guide explains how to install and configure the prometheus-nginxlog-exporter in the Yunzhou Observability platform, covering its core features, metric types, one‑click deployment steps, chart visualization, alert rule setup, and common troubleshooting tips for comprehensive Nginx monitoring.
This article walks through creating a self‑hosted object storage solution by configuring Nginx for static file serving, implementing secure downloads with X‑Accel‑Redirect and signed URLs, and deploying MinIO as an S3‑compatible service, complete with Spring Boot integration and sample code.
This guide walks you through a complete, production‑grade Nginx optimization roadmap—covering worker process tuning, TCP and kernel parameters, caching, compression, SSL hardening, upstream connection pooling, monitoring, and a real e‑commerce case study—to transform a 100k‑QPS server into a million‑plus QPS powerhouse.
This article reveals three hard‑to‑detect pitfalls in Nginx + Keepalived high‑availability setups—split‑brain caused by network partitions, inadequate health‑check scripts, and unsafe configuration‑sync timing—provides real‑world incident examples, and offers complete, battle‑tested solutions with ready‑to‑use scripts.
This article explains the role of an access gateway, outlines its architecture and core functions, and demonstrates how to design and implement a dynamic, plugin‑based gateway using OpenResty (Nginx + Lua), including routing, shared data, and dynamic upstream management.
Learn how to automate the deployment of a scalable, DDoS‑protected Nginx server cluster using Ansible Playbooks, covering environment setup, configuration, load balancing, monitoring, dynamic scaling, performance testing, and troubleshooting to boost operational efficiency by up to 300%.
This step‑by‑step guide shows how to choose a Raspberry Pi Zero W, flash Raspbian Stretch Lite onto a micro‑SD card, enable headless SSH, configure Wi‑Fi, replace apt sources, install and start nginx, and expose the site to the internet using ngrok, while noting performance and troubleshooting tips.
This article explains Nginx’s origins, its event‑driven, non‑blocking multi‑process architecture, modular design, and detailed request‑handling workflow, providing a comprehensive overview of how the high‑performance web server operates in modern backend systems.
This article walks you through practical Nginx configurations covering reverse‑proxy load balancing, static resource handling, cache control, version hiding, JSON‑formatted logging, rate‑limiting, IP restrictions, gray‑release traffic splitting, security headers and DNS anti‑spoofing, with ready‑to‑use code examples.
This tutorial walks you through downloading the latest Kubernetes packages, preparing master and node services, adjusting nginx proxy settings, cordoning and draining nodes, replacing binaries and certificates, restarting services, and verifying the upgrade across a two‑node cluster.
This guide explains how Nginx’s access_log and error_log work, details the log_format directive for customizing access logs, shows how to configure log paths, formats, buffering, compression, and conditional logging, and provides a Bash script with a cron job to automatically rotate daily log files.
This guide walks you through installing Tomcat via yum or binary packages, configuring its core directories and ports, setting up virtual hosts, and integrating Tomcat with Nginx for static‑dynamic separation, providing complete commands and explanations for a production‑ready Java web server on Linux.
This article explores how the new QuickJS engine enables full‑featured ES2023 JavaScript within Nginx using the njs module, allowing developers to write modern async code, import/export modules, and implement complex routing and security logic directly in the web server configuration.
This tutorial explains the fundamentals of same‑origin policy, demonstrates how to allow all origins or restrict methods in NGINX, shows how to handle pre‑flight OPTIONS requests, and provides complete configuration examples for secure CORS header management.
This article explains the thundering herd issue in Nginx’s multi‑process model, detailing both accept‑ and epoll‑related herd problems, their causes, and practical mitigation techniques such as kernel‑level improvements, Nginx’s accept_mutex, dynamic load balancing, and the SO_REUSEPORT feature.
This guide provides a comprehensive, operations‑focused walkthrough of Nginx performance tuning, covering worker processes, event models, network settings, buffers, compression, SSL, load balancing, caching, security hardening, system limits, monitoring, and testing to achieve up to a 500% QPS increase.
This guide explains how to configure Nginx rate limiting using limit_req_zone and limit_req directives, covering syntax, parameters, burst handling, and a complete example that demonstrates setting a shared memory zone, request rate, burst buffer, and nodelay behavior for efficient traffic control.
Learn two practical Nginx configurations to prevent browsers from caching HTML files by setting appropriate Cache-Control, Pragma, and Expires headers, with examples for both standard location blocks and conditional directives, ensuring fresh content delivery for your web applications.
This tutorial walks you through understanding what a Raspberry Pi Zero W is, preparing the hardware, flashing Raspbian Lite, enabling SSH and Wi‑Fi, installing Nginx, and exposing the server to the internet with ngrok, all with detailed commands and screenshots.
This article explains the nuances of Nginx's proxy_pass directive, illustrating how trailing slashes and URI paths affect backend request URLs, compares configurations across http and stream modules, and provides practical load‑balancing examples with detailed parameter settings.
This comprehensive guide explains what Nginx is, its advantages over Apache, default configuration paths, step‑by‑step YUM and source installation, service management via init.d and systemd, process architecture, and essential command‑line controls for starting, stopping, reloading, and upgrading the server.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Nginx, covering its high‑performance architecture, key features, common deployment scenarios such as web serving, reverse proxy, load balancing and caching, detailed explanations of load‑balancing algorithms, and step‑by‑step configuration examples with essential directives.
This guide walks you through downloading and installing Nginx on CentOS, locating its directories, checking service status, viewing version, managing processes, testing configuration syntax, and restarting the server, all with clear commands and illustrative screenshots.
This guide walks you through the fundamentals of the ELK stack—Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana—explaining its architecture, installation on Ubuntu, configuration of Logstash shipper and indexer roles, integration with Spring Boot and Nginx logs, and how to run the components as background services using Supervisor.
This article demonstrates how Nginx v1.23.2 processes regular expressions and location directives, explains the matching hierarchy and priority rules, and provides concrete configuration examples—including exact, prefix, and regex‑based locations—so readers can reliably control URL routing in their servers.
This guide explains how to break a monolithic LNMP stack into separate components—dedicated MySQL servers, multiple Nginx/PHP web nodes, shared static storage, and session persistence using Redis—while providing step‑by‑step commands, configuration snippets, and best‑practice recommendations for building a reliable, high‑performance Nginx cluster.
This article outlines the key building blocks of a microservice architecture—including Nginx as the traffic entry, Spring Cloud Gateway, service registries, Redis caching, MySQL persistence, Elasticsearch, message queues, ELK logging, distributed schedulers, and object storage—explaining their roles, deployment patterns, and common technology choices.
This guide explains how Nginx implements both client‑side (strong and negotiated) caching and server‑side proxy caching, detailing HTTP headers, cache control directives, and practical configuration examples for enabling, tuning, and troubleshooting Nginx cache behavior.
This article explains why newly deployed front‑end pages often still display old content due to browser, Nginx, or CDN caching, and provides a three‑step method—including proper cache‑control headers, hash‑named assets, and version‑based fallback—to ensure users always see the latest version.
This comprehensive guide walks you through Nginx’s key features, core configuration syntax, built‑in variables, global settings, common directives, HTTPS setup, CORS handling, gzip compression, access control, caching strategies, and practical examples of rewrite rules, load balancing, proxying, and server name matching, all illustrated with clear code snippets and diagrams.
This article explains how Nginx handles massive traffic through its multi‑process, event‑driven design, asynchronous non‑blocking I/O, and practical configuration tweaks such as worker settings, keepalive, caching, rate limiting, file transfer optimizations, and Gzip compression.
This article explains how to decompose a monolithic Nginx‑LNMP setup by moving the database, web nodes, and static assets to separate servers, configuring load balancing, shared storage, and session persistence with Redis, and provides complete command‑line examples for each step.
This article outlines the essential building blocks of a modern microservice architecture—traffic entry with Nginx, API gateway selection, business service design, service registration, caching and distributed locks, persistent storage strategies, document-oriented stores, messaging middleware, log aggregation, task scheduling, and distributed object storage—providing practical guidance for backend engineers.
This article explains how Nginx functions as a load balancer and reverse proxy, detailing its event‑driven architecture, multi‑process model, and core configuration, and compares common algorithms such as round‑robin, least‑connections, IP‑hash, weighted round‑robin, and weighted least‑connections with practical code examples.
This article explains the Nginx master‑slave high‑availability architecture, describing the roles of master and slave nodes, the use of Keepalived for VIP failover via heartbeat detection, and provides configuration diagrams and code snippets to illustrate seamless traffic switching.
This article explains how to configure Nginx and the underlying Linux system to handle millions of concurrent connections by optimizing the I/O model with epoll, scaling worker processes, enabling zero‑copy sendfile, using gzip compression, and tuning kernel parameters and CPU affinity.
This article explains a proven high‑concurrency solution that combines Linux Virtual Server (LVS), Nginx, and Keepalived to achieve million‑level request handling, load balancing, and high availability for large‑scale web services.
This comprehensive Nginx guide walks you through its high‑performance architecture, master and worker processes, core and advanced configuration directives, virtual host setup, rewrite rules, reverse proxy, four‑layer access control, file existence checks, and production deployment strategies, all illustrated with clear diagrams.
This comprehensive guide walks you through Nginx's core features, configuration syntax, and practical modules such as server blocks, load balancing, SSL, gzip compression, CORS handling, access control, and caching, complete with clear code snippets and real‑world deployment examples.
Learn how to systematically diagnose and resolve Nginx failures in cloud‑native deployments by understanding core concepts, applying a step‑by‑step algorithm, analyzing logs, configurations, and system metrics, and using practical Kubernetes examples, code snippets, and performance models to ensure reliable service operation.
This article explains Nginx's core Master‑Worker process model, high‑performance event‑driven design, I/O multiplexing with epoll, and asynchronous non‑blocking I/O, showing how these techniques enable the server to sustain millions of simultaneous connections.
This step‑by‑step guide shows how to download, compile, and configure Nginx so that the version information is hidden and a custom Server header (e.g., "Please guess it!") is displayed, including code modifications, build commands, and verification.
This comprehensive guide walks you through installing and configuring Nginx, implementing access control, setting up virtual hosts, building a complete LNMP stack with MySQL and PHP‑FPM, applying performance optimizations, hardening security, and establishing monitoring for high‑performance web services.
This article explains the essential role of load balancing in modern distributed systems and walks through single‑layer, double‑layer, and billion‑scale architectures, highlighting their design principles, benefits, trade‑offs, and typical deployment scenarios for high‑availability and high‑performance applications.
This article explains Tokio's role as Rust's premier async runtime, detailing its task pool and scheduler design, the underlying Future/async/await mechanics, runtime construction, task lifecycle, load‑balancing strategies, CPU‑affinity options, and a performance and development comparison with Nginx.
This article explains how Nginx's master‑slave (primary‑backup) setup, combined with Keepalived and a virtual IP, provides high‑availability for web and API services by automatically detecting failures, shifting the VIP, and allowing the backup server to take over without service interruption.
This guide explains what mkcert is, its key features, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for installing the tool, generating trusted local SSL/TLS certificates for multiple domains and IPs, and configuring Nginx to enable HTTPS in a local development environment across Windows, macOS, and Linux.
This article explains why browsers enforce the Same‑Origin Policy, illustrates common CORS errors, and provides practical solutions—including CORS headers, JSONP, Nginx reverse proxy, API gateways, WebSocket, and postMessage—along with code examples and best‑practice tips for both development and production environments.
This article explains the C10K problem—how a single server can manage ten thousand simultaneous connections—and outlines four essential techniques (I/O multiplexing, asynchronous non‑blocking I/O, lightweight threading models, and network stack optimization) that enable Nginx and similar servers to achieve high concurrency efficiently.
This article introduces Nginx UI, a graphical tool that simplifies Nginx configuration and monitoring, outlines its core features—including AI Agent support—provides pre‑installation notes, and offers step‑by‑step installation guides for Systemd, Docker, and quick‑install scripts, concluding with its operational benefits.
This article explains how to configure Nginx load balancing with upstream blocks, server weight, ip_hash, and logging variables, and details reverse‑proxy settings such as proxy_pass, proxy_method, header handling, redirects, and error‑fallback options, providing complete code examples for each feature.
This guide explains how the presence or absence of trailing slashes in Nginx location and proxy_pass directives changes the final proxied URL, providing eight concrete configuration examples and the resulting URLs to help you avoid common routing errors.
This comprehensive guide walks web developers and system operators through Nginx fundamentals, history, core and advanced configurations, rewrite rules, reverse proxy setup, performance tuning, and a practical LNMP WordPress deployment, providing theory and hands‑on examples for deep mastery.
This article explains how to build a high‑availability, million‑level concurrent architecture by combining Linux Virtual Server (LVS) for layer‑4 load balancing, Nginx for layer‑7 reverse proxy and caching, and Keepalived for VIP failover, including configuration examples and deployment modes.
This guide explains the fundamental differences between Layer 4 and Layer 7 load balancing, outlines their respective advantages and drawbacks, provides practical Nginx and HAProxy configuration examples, and offers advice on selecting the appropriate approach for various scenarios, including modern cloud services.
This article demonstrates how Nginx’s default behavior ignores request headers containing underscores, causing missing parameters in a Spring Boot application, and shows how to configure the 'underscores_in_headers on;' directive to correctly forward such headers, with code examples and testing via Postman.
This guide explains how to collect Nginx access logs, convert them to JSON, store them in Loki using Promtail, and visualize the data with Grafana dashboards, including installation of required modules, Docker deployment, and world‑map panel configuration.
This guide walks you through installing the Zabbix‑get client, deploying and managing Nginx on a Linux host, creating a shell script for status checks, adding a custom UserParameter, validating the checks from the Zabbix server, and configuring UI items and triggers to monitor Nginx availability.
The article explains the practical limitations of using only Tomcat—such as DNS IP caps, scaling costs, deployment downtime, and lack of health checks—and demonstrates how adding Nginx as a reverse proxy and load balancer resolves these issues with concrete configuration examples.
This guide walks you through installing software on CentOS using three primary methods—source/tarball compilation, RPM packages, and Yum—demonstrating each approach with real‑world examples such as Redis, RabbitMQ, and Nginx, and covering essential concepts, commands, and configuration steps.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of NGINX, covering its architecture, module types, multi‑process event model, FastCGI integration for PHP, configuration best practices, performance optimizations, error troubleshooting, and a notable security vulnerability.
This article explains how a plain text file can be transformed into an HTML page, why an HTTP server like Nginx is needed to serve remote HTML, and how Nginx’s modular design provides reverse‑proxy, load‑balancing, caching, multi‑worker, and master‑process features to build a high‑performance, scalable gateway while addressing single‑point‑of‑failure concerns.
This article walks through Nginx's role as a high‑performance reverse proxy and load balancer, explains core concepts, provides step‑by‑step configuration examples—including upstream pools, server blocks, and location directives—and details performance optimizations such as gzip, connection reuse, worker settings, static‑file caching, and proxy caching.
This article explains the concepts of Nginx forward and reverse proxy, compares their roles, client and server perceptions, typical usage scenarios, and highlights why reverse proxy is a core Nginx feature while forward proxy is rarely used without third‑party modules.
This article outlines essential PHP 8+ language features, explains the PHP garbage collector mechanism, compares alternative Nginx+PHP‑FPM stacks, highlights common Opcache configuration pitfalls, and provides a step‑by‑step guide to creating and publishing a Composer package.
This article explains how Nginx functions as both a forward proxy that represents clients to reach external servers and a reverse proxy that hides backend servers while handling client requests, illustrated with diagrams and a step‑by‑step flow diagram.
This guide explains step‑by‑step how to set up a Web Application Firewall by installing LuaJIT, ngx_devel_kit, lua‑nginx‑module, compiling Nginx with Lua support, fixing common errors, and optionally using OpenResty, followed by configuring and testing the ngx_lua_waf module.
This guide explains how to use Nginx, Lua (via OpenResty), and Redis to automatically block any IP that exceeds 60 requests per minute, storing the blacklist in Redis with a default one‑day ban and providing performance optimizations and testing steps.
This comprehensive guide explores Nginx’s core functionalities, detailing forward and reverse proxy concepts, deployment procedures, configuration parameters, security hardening, rewrite module intricacies, performance optimization, and cloud‑native integration, while offering practical code examples and comparative analysis for real‑world scenarios.
This tutorial explains how to use Nginx’s allow and deny directives, include external whitelist files, configure the ngx_http_geo_module for IP‑based access control, and set up country‑level restrictions with the geoip module, providing concrete configuration examples and command‑line steps for both black‑ and white‑listing.
