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Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Nov 4, 2021 · Fundamentals

Demystifying NVMe: From Protocol Basics to PCIe Register Configurations

This comprehensive guide explains the NVMe specification, covering terminology, SSD architecture, PCIe register layout, queue structures, arbitration mechanisms, data addressing methods, command formats, controller operation, reset procedures, interrupt handling, and advanced features such as firmware updates and end‑to‑end data protection.

HardwareNVMePCIe
0 likes · 24 min read
Demystifying NVMe: From Protocol Basics to PCIe Register Configurations
Douyu Streaming
Douyu Streaming
Oct 17, 2021 · Fundamentals

Mastering WebRTC SDP: A Complete Guide to Analyzing Session Descriptions

This article provides a systematic overview of the SDP (Session Description Protocol) used in WebRTC, covering its historical background, syntax, key fields, media descriptions, Plan B vs Unified Plan styles, and numerous extensions such as codec parameters, ICE candidates, DTLS, and simulcast, with practical examples and code snippets.

NetworkingSDPWebRTC
0 likes · 24 min read
Mastering WebRTC SDP: A Complete Guide to Analyzing Session Descriptions
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Sep 21, 2021 · Fundamentals

NVMe over PCIe: Specification Overview, Architecture, Register Configuration, Commands, and Data Structures

This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of the NVMe (Non‑Volatile Memory Express) specification, covering its logical device interface, namespace concepts, queue structures, PCIe register layout, command formats, controller initialization, interrupt handling, and data protection mechanisms.

ControllerNVMePCIe
0 likes · 28 min read
NVMe over PCIe: Specification Overview, Architecture, Register Configuration, Commands, and Data Structures
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Aug 31, 2021 · Backend Development

Fundamentals of gRPC: Concepts, Asynchronous Client/Server, Streaming, Protocol and Generated Code

The article explains gRPC fundamentals, illustrating service definition in .proto files, synchronous and asynchronous client and server implementations with CompletionQueue and CallData state machines, streaming RPC patterns, HTTP/2 protocol details, metadata handling, and the structure of generated stub and service code.

AsynchronousC++Protobuf
0 likes · 22 min read
Fundamentals of gRPC: Concepts, Asynchronous Client/Server, Streaming, Protocol and Generated Code
21CTO
21CTO
Jul 14, 2021 · Fundamentals

Master HTTP Status Codes: A Complete Cheat‑Sheet for Developers

This article provides a concise yet comprehensive guide to HTTP and its response status codes, explaining each class of codes (1xx‑5xx) and highlighting the most common codes developers encounter when building web applications.

HTTPStatus CodesWeb Development
0 likes · 9 min read
Master HTTP Status Codes: A Complete Cheat‑Sheet for Developers
Byte Quality Assurance Team
Byte Quality Assurance Team
Jun 2, 2021 · Fundamentals

Evolution of HTTP: From 0.9 to HTTP/3 and QUIC

This article traces the development of the HTTP protocol from its earliest 0.9 version through HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and finally HTTP/3 built on QUIC, highlighting how each iteration improved speed, efficiency, and mitigated head‑of‑line blocking while introducing new challenges.

HTTPQUICTCP
0 likes · 8 min read
Evolution of HTTP: From 0.9 to HTTP/3 and QUIC
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
May 29, 2021 · Fundamentals

NVMe Network Protocol Development Trends Overview

This article introduces the high‑performance NVMe storage protocol, its architecture, advantages over traditional SATA/SAS, the evolution of NVMe‑oF with RDMA and Fibre Channel, and provides links to related technical resources and download materials.

Data centerHigh-PerformanceNVM
0 likes · 3 min read
NVMe Network Protocol Development Trends Overview
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
May 28, 2021 · Fundamentals

What Is SNMP? A Complete Guide to Versions, Architecture, and Operations

This article explains the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), covering its three versions, system architecture—including NMS, agents, managed objects, and MIB—along with query, set, trap, and inform operations, message formats, security levels, and default UDP ports used for network management.

MIBSNMPSNMPv3
0 likes · 16 min read
What Is SNMP? A Complete Guide to Versions, Architecture, and Operations
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
May 16, 2021 · Fundamentals

Mastering TCP: Handshakes, Teardowns, and State Machines Explained

This article provides a comprehensive guide to TCP’s core mechanisms, covering connection establishment via the three‑way handshake, graceful termination with the four‑step teardown, half‑open and half‑close scenarios, simultaneous open/close, initial sequence numbers, and detailed state‑transition diagrams, all illustrated with diagrams.

HandshakeNetworkingTCP
0 likes · 18 min read
Mastering TCP: Handshakes, Teardowns, and State Machines Explained
360 Smart Cloud
360 Smart Cloud
Apr 15, 2021 · Backend Development

EMQX Project Overview and Detailed Code Walkthrough of Connection and Session Layers

This article introduces the open‑source EMQX MQTT broker, explains the MQTT protocol basics, and provides an in‑depth analysis of the broker's connection and session processes—including their state structures, message flows for connect, subscribe, unsubscribe, ping, disconnect, and QoS 0/1/2 publishing—supported by illustrative code snippets and diagrams.

EMQXErlangIoT
0 likes · 17 min read
EMQX Project Overview and Detailed Code Walkthrough of Connection and Session Layers
37 Mobile Game Tech Team
37 Mobile Game Tech Team
Apr 8, 2021 · Fundamentals

Why Does HTTP Need Three Handshakes? A Deep Dive into HTTP Versions and Performance

This article explains the fundamentals of the HyperText Transfer Protocol, covering the OSI model layers, TCP three‑way handshake, bandwidth versus latency, and the evolution from HTTP/0.9 through HTTP/1.0, 1.1, and HTTP/2, highlighting key improvements such as persistent connections, pipelining, chunked transfer, and server push.

TCPWebperformance
0 likes · 13 min read
Why Does HTTP Need Three Handshakes? A Deep Dive into HTTP Versions and Performance
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Apr 7, 2021 · Information Security

Why HTTPS Matters: Understanding HTTP, SSL/TLS, and Encryption Basics

This article explains the fundamentals of HTTPS by clarifying key terms like HTTP, SSL/TLS, and encryption, describing how HTTP works over TCP, comparing short and persistent connections, and outlining the security, compatibility, extensibility, and performance requirements that drive HTTPS design.

HTTPSSSL/TLSencryption
0 likes · 13 min read
Why HTTPS Matters: Understanding HTTP, SSL/TLS, and Encryption Basics
Xueersi Online School Tech Team
Xueersi Online School Tech Team
Mar 5, 2021 · Fundamentals

Evolution and Limitations of HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3 (QUIC)

This article reviews the evolution of HTTP from version 1.1 to HTTP/2 and HTTP/3, explaining key features such as persistent connections, pipelining, binary framing, header compression, multiplexing, and QUIC's advantages, while also highlighting the remaining drawbacks like head‑of‑line blocking, TCP connection limits, and security concerns.

NetworkingQUICWeb Performance
0 likes · 16 min read
Evolution and Limitations of HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3 (QUIC)
JavaEdge
JavaEdge
Mar 3, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding Redis’s Unified Request/Response Protocol: A Deep Dive

This article explains how Redis communicates over TCP using a simple, fast‑parsing, human‑readable protocol, details the unified request format introduced in Redis 1.2, and illustrates request and response structures—including single‑line, error, bulk, and multi‑bulk replies—with concrete examples.

networkprotocol
0 likes · 4 min read
Understanding Redis’s Unified Request/Response Protocol: A Deep Dive
vivo Internet Technology
vivo Internet Technology
Feb 22, 2021 · Fundamentals

Comprehensive Overview of HTTP/2: Connection Setup, Frames & Streams, HPACK Compression, Server Push, Flow Control, and Open Issues

The article thoroughly explains HTTP/2, detailing its optional clear‑text or TLS connection setup, multiplexed frames and streams, HPACK header compression, server‑push mechanism, application‑layer flow control, and the protocol’s lingering challenges such as TLS handshake latency and TCP head‑of‑line blocking that HTTP/3 seeks to resolve.

Flow ControlHTTP/2Server Push
0 likes · 21 min read
Comprehensive Overview of HTTP/2: Connection Setup, Frames & Streams, HPACK Compression, Server Push, Flow Control, and Open Issues
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Feb 9, 2021 · Information Security

Understanding DNS: From Hostnames to Secure Queries and Packet Anatomy

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Domain Name System, explaining how hostnames map to IP addresses, the hierarchical distributed design of DNS servers, query processes, caching mechanisms, packet structures, common attack vectors, and defensive measures such as DNSSEC.

DNSDomain Name SystemNetworking
0 likes · 25 min read
Understanding DNS: From Hostnames to Secure Queries and Packet Anatomy
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jan 5, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding HTTP: Characteristics, Connection Management, and Performance Optimizations

This article explains the core characteristics of the HTTP protocol—including its flexibility, reliability, application‑layer nature, request‑response model, and statelessness—and then details short and long connection management, related header fields, head‑of‑line blocking, and practical performance‑enhancing techniques such as concurrent connections and domain sharding.

Connection ManagementHTTPlong-connection
0 likes · 17 min read
Understanding HTTP: Characteristics, Connection Management, and Performance Optimizations
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Jan 3, 2021 · Fundamentals

Why HTTP Still Rules: Key Features, Connection Types, and Performance Tips

This article explains HTTP's core characteristics—flexibility, reliability, application‑layer nature, request‑response model, and statelessness—then dives into short‑ and long‑connection management, head‑of‑line blocking, and practical optimization techniques such as concurrent connections and domain sharding.

Connection ManagementHTTPlong-connection
0 likes · 17 min read
Why HTTP Still Rules: Key Features, Connection Types, and Performance Tips
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Dec 29, 2020 · Backend Development

Why HTTP/3 Matters: From TCP Limits to QUIC’s Breakthrough

This article traces the evolution of HTTP from its 1991 origins through HTTP/1.0, 1.1, SPDY, and HTTP/2, explaining why the shift to UDP‑based QUIC in HTTP/3 promises faster, more secure web delivery while also highlighting the new protocol’s challenges.

HTTPNetworkingQUIC
0 likes · 14 min read
Why HTTP/3 Matters: From TCP Limits to QUIC’s Breakthrough
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Dec 29, 2020 · Fundamentals

Mastering TCP: Handshakes, Flow & Congestion Control, Fast Open and More

This comprehensive guide explains TCP vs UDP, the three‑way handshake, four‑way termination, half‑open queues, SYN‑Flood attacks, header fields, timestamps, Fast Open, retransmission timeout calculations, flow control, congestion control, Nagle’s algorithm, delayed ACKs and keep‑alive mechanisms, providing essential knowledge for networking interviews and system design.

Flow ControlHandshakeSecurity
0 likes · 35 min read
Mastering TCP: Handshakes, Flow & Congestion Control, Fast Open and More
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Dec 21, 2020 · Fundamentals

Illustrated Overview of TCP Protocol

This article presents an illustrated comic that explains the basic principles of the TCP protocol, highlighting its connection-oriented reliable transmission, congestion and flow control mechanisms, while noting that some details are simplified and encouraging readers to consult formal RFCs and the TCP/IP Illustrated volume for deeper study.

IllustratedNetworkingTCP
0 likes · 5 min read
Illustrated Overview of TCP Protocol
360 Tech Engineering
360 Tech Engineering
Nov 27, 2020 · Fundamentals

Understanding MQTT Publish and Subscribe: Message Formats, QoS Levels, Retain Flags, and Acknowledgments

This article explains how MQTT handles message publishing and subscribing, covering topic structures, QoS levels, retain flags, payload details, duplicate fields, subscription formats, packet identifiers, subscription acknowledgments, and unsubscribe procedures, providing a comprehensive overview of the protocol's messaging workflow.

IoTMQTTMessage Queuing
0 likes · 6 min read
Understanding MQTT Publish and Subscribe: Message Formats, QoS Levels, Retain Flags, and Acknowledgments
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Nov 18, 2020 · Fundamentals

Understanding the Differences Between HTTP GET and POST Methods

This article explains the fundamental distinctions between HTTP GET and POST requests, covering how parameters are transmitted, browser and server behaviors, length limits, security implications, underlying TCP mechanics, and performance trade‑offs, while also debunking common misconceptions often seen in interview answers.

NetworkingPOSTWeb Development
0 likes · 7 min read
Understanding the Differences Between HTTP GET and POST Methods
Ctrip Technology
Ctrip Technology
Nov 12, 2020 · Backend Development

Ctrip Live Streaming Technology Overview and Implementation

This article presents a comprehensive overview of Ctrip's live streaming solution, covering the evolution of live streaming, core streaming principles, encoding and protocol choices such as RTMP, HLS, WebRTC, the front‑end framework built with Android, ReactNative and native modules, encountered integration challenges, and the final architectural summary.

AndroidRTMPReactNative
0 likes · 12 min read
Ctrip Live Streaming Technology Overview and Implementation
Xueersi Online School Tech Team
Xueersi Online School Tech Team
Nov 6, 2020 · Databases

MySQL Protocol Analysis and Source Code Exploration

This article provides a detailed walkthrough of MySQL protocol analysis using Wireshark, covering SSL disabling, packet capture commands, step‑by‑step examination of handshake, authentication, database selection, query execution packets, and an in‑depth look at related source‑code functions and command enums.

Networkingdatabasemysql
0 likes · 15 min read
MySQL Protocol Analysis and Source Code Exploration
Java Architect Essentials
Java Architect Essentials
Sep 21, 2020 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a Scalable Long‑Connection Gateway

This article details the architecture, protocol design, permission control, reliability mechanisms, and scaling strategies of a long‑connection gateway built with OpenResty, Kafka, and Redis, illustrating how to share persistent connections across multiple business services while ensuring high performance and fault tolerance.

BackendKafkaMessaging
0 likes · 13 min read
Design and Implementation of a Scalable Long‑Connection Gateway
Senior Brother's Insights
Senior Brother's Insights
Aug 11, 2020 · Backend Development

Mastering AMQP: A Deep Dive into Exchanges, Queues, and Message Flow

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the AMQP 0‑9‑1 protocol, explaining its core components—publishers, exchanges, queues, and consumers—detailing each exchange type, queue properties, message acknowledgment, routing rules, and practical usage considerations for reliable backend messaging.

AMQPBackend MessagingExchanges
0 likes · 20 min read
Mastering AMQP: A Deep Dive into Exchanges, Queues, and Message Flow
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Aug 5, 2020 · Fundamentals

Mastering TCP: Handshakes, Flow Control, Congestion Management and More

This comprehensive guide explains TCP fundamentals—including its differences from UDP, the three‑way handshake, four‑way termination, half‑open queues, SYN flood attacks, header fields, Fast Open, timestamps, retransmission timers, flow and congestion control, Nagle's algorithm, delayed ACKs, and keep‑alive mechanisms—providing clear diagrams and practical insights for developers.

Flow ControlHandshakeNetworking
0 likes · 28 min read
Mastering TCP: Handshakes, Flow Control, Congestion Management and More
Architects Research Society
Architects Research Society
Jul 27, 2020 · Frontend Development

WebSocket Performance, Overhead, and Deployment Best Practices

This article explains how the WebSocket API provides bidirectional, message‑oriented communication, compares its latency and overhead with XHR and SSE, discusses compression and custom protocols, and offers practical deployment and tuning guidelines for long‑lived connections.

DeploymentWebSocketperformance
0 likes · 16 min read
WebSocket Performance, Overhead, and Deployment Best Practices
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Jun 20, 2020 · Fundamentals

Comprehensive Guide to TCP: Differences with UDP, Handshakes, Termination, SYN Flood, Fast Open, Timestamps, RTO, Flow & Congestion Control, Nagle, Delayed ACK and Keep‑Alive

This article provides an in‑depth overview of TCP, explaining its core differences from UDP, the three‑way handshake and four‑way termination processes, half‑open queues and SYN‑Flood attacks, Fast Open, timestamp usage, retransmission timeout calculation, flow and congestion control mechanisms, as well as Nagle’s algorithm, delayed acknowledgments and TCP keep‑alive.

HandshakeNetworkingSecurity
0 likes · 28 min read
Comprehensive Guide to TCP: Differences with UDP, Handshakes, Termination, SYN Flood, Fast Open, Timestamps, RTO, Flow & Congestion Control, Nagle, Delayed ACK and Keep‑Alive
Jike Tech Team
Jike Tech Team
Jun 11, 2020 · Fundamentals

Unlocking the Secrets of AMQP: A Deep Dive into Message Queuing Protocol

This article explores the AMQP 0.9.1 protocol in depth, covering its core concepts, model components, layered architecture, lifecycle of exchanges, queues, channels, and bindings, as well as command classes, transport details, and practical usage patterns for building robust messaging systems.

AMQPMessage QueueMessaging Architecture
0 likes · 29 min read
Unlocking the Secrets of AMQP: A Deep Dive into Message Queuing Protocol
Aikesheng Open Source Community
Aikesheng Open Source Community
Jun 9, 2020 · Databases

Implementing a Raw TCP MySQL Connection in Python

This article explains the MySQL client‑server handshake, details the sequence of packets exchanged during a TCP connection, and provides a complete Python implementation that builds a raw TCP socket to connect, authenticate, and communicate with a MySQL server without using a high‑level driver.

NetworkingPythonTCP
0 likes · 12 min read
Implementing a Raw TCP MySQL Connection in Python
ITPUB
ITPUB
May 28, 2020 · Databases

How UPSQL Proxy Implements MySQL Streaming to Boost Performance

This article explains the MySQL communication protocol, result‑set structure, client library interfaces, and the difference between store‑result and streaming modes, then details how UPSQL Proxy 2.4.0 adopts streaming to reduce latency and memory usage in distributed database environments.

Database MiddlewareResultSetStreaming
0 likes · 6 min read
How UPSQL Proxy Implements MySQL Streaming to Boost Performance
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
Xiaokun's Architecture Exploration Notes
May 21, 2020 · Fundamentals

Mastering Network Fundamentals: From OSI Layers to TCP/IP Handshakes

This article explains core network concepts—including protocols, packet structures, the OSI and TCP/IP layer models, TCP three‑way handshake, sliding windows, congestion control, packet sticking and splitting, as well as HTTP/HTTPS basics and their headers—providing a solid foundation for troubleshooting and designing distributed services.

OSI modelTCP/IPcommunication
0 likes · 28 min read
Mastering Network Fundamentals: From OSI Layers to TCP/IP Handshakes
Sohu Tech Products
Sohu Tech Products
Apr 15, 2020 · Mobile Development

Swift-Based Conversion Between Realm.Object and Business Models Using Protocols

This article explains how to implement a Swift‑centric conversion framework that maps Realm.Object instances to plain business models and vice versa by defining protocols, leveraging Mirror for reflection, handling basic and complex types, and providing generic solutions for collections and optionals.

Data MappingMobile DevelopmentRealm
0 likes · 13 min read
Swift-Based Conversion Between Realm.Object and Business Models Using Protocols
WecTeam
WecTeam
Apr 15, 2020 · Frontend Development

Unlocking Chrome DevTools: Architecture, Protocols, and Remote Debugging Techniques

This article explores the components of Chrome DevTools, explains the DevTools Protocol structure, details the frontend architecture, and provides step‑by‑step guidance for remote debugging, custom extensions, and session replay using WebSocket forwarding and server‑side recording.

Chrome DevToolsDebuggingfrontend development
0 likes · 24 min read
Unlocking Chrome DevTools: Architecture, Protocols, and Remote Debugging Techniques
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Mar 31, 2020 · Fundamentals

What Does “Stateless” Really Mean in HTTP? A Deep Dive

This article explores the true meaning of HTTP’s stateless nature, clarifies common misconceptions, examines how cookies and sessions add state, and demonstrates through a simulated shopping scenario why additional mechanisms are needed to maintain user context across requests.

HTTPSessioncookies
0 likes · 15 min read
What Does “Stateless” Really Mean in HTTP? A Deep Dive
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Feb 11, 2020 · Fundamentals

NVMe/TCP: Frequently Asked Questions and Answers

This article provides a comprehensive Q&A overview of NVMe over TCP, covering its specification status, required host components, performance characteristics, namespace limits, OS support, comparisons with NVMe/RDMA and FC, and practical deployment considerations in data‑center environments.

Data centerNVMeNetworking
0 likes · 11 min read
NVMe/TCP: Frequently Asked Questions and Answers
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jan 31, 2020 · Backend Development

Design and Optimization of Large‑Scale Instant Messaging Backend Architecture

This article analyses the architecture of high‑traffic instant‑messaging services such as WeChat and Momo, detailing long‑connection handling, short‑vs‑long HTTP/TCP protocols, custom binary messaging, smart routing, load‑balancing, sharding, replication, and the engineering trade‑offs required for massive scalability and reliability.

Distributed SystemsIMScalability
0 likes · 12 min read
Design and Optimization of Large‑Scale Instant Messaging Backend Architecture
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jan 29, 2020 · Fundamentals

Eight-Step NVMe Read I/O Process over PCIe Explained

This article details the eight-step NVMe read I/O workflow over PCIe, covering the protocol layers, submission and completion queues, doorbell registers, data transfer mechanisms like PRP, and a trace‑based walkthrough of each host‑SSD interaction.

I/ONVMePCIe
0 likes · 11 min read
Eight-Step NVMe Read I/O Process over PCIe Explained
360 Quality & Efficiency
360 Quality & Efficiency
Dec 24, 2019 · Backend Development

An Introduction to Thrift for Mobile Advertising Engine Testing

This article introduces Apache Thrift, explaining its open‑source RPC framework, IDL‑based code generation, protocol and transport layers, and its advantages for high‑performance data exchange in mobile advertising engines, while noting practical considerations such as static schema updates and usage of TFileTransport.

Backend DevelopmentRPCThrift
0 likes · 5 min read
An Introduction to Thrift for Mobile Advertising Engine Testing
21CTO
21CTO
Sep 3, 2019 · Databases

Redis Deep Dive: Protocols, ACID Myths, Persistence, and Optimization

This article explores Redis's text-based RESP protocol, examines whether Redis truly supports ACID transactions, explains its optimistic lock implementation, details persistence mechanisms like RDB and AOF, discusses memory‑saving data structures, outlines replication processes, and reviews expiration deletion strategies, providing a comprehensive technical overview.

ACIDExpirationMemory Optimization
0 likes · 22 min read
Redis Deep Dive: Protocols, ACID Myths, Persistence, and Optimization
Java Captain
Java Captain
Sep 3, 2019 · Backend Development

Getting Started with Bitchat: A Netty‑Based Instant Messaging Framework

This guide introduces Bitchat, a Netty‑based IM framework, showing how to start the server and client, use built‑in commands for login, user listing and private messaging, explains its architecture, custom protocol, health‑check mechanisms, and how to handle business logic with asynchronous thread pools.

FrameworkIMJava
0 likes · 12 min read
Getting Started with Bitchat: A Netty‑Based Instant Messaging Framework
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Jun 24, 2019 · Fundamentals

Mastering IPv6: From Basics to Mobile App Auto‑Fallback Mechanisms

This article provides a comprehensive IPv6 introduction covering core concepts, supported operating systems, address formats, and essential network tools, and also examines how mobile applications automatically downgrade from IPv6 to IPv4 in dual‑stack environments, offering practical insights and real‑world testing examples.

Dual-StackIPv6Mobile
0 likes · 16 min read
Mastering IPv6: From Basics to Mobile App Auto‑Fallback Mechanisms
Java Captain
Java Captain
Apr 24, 2019 · Databases

Understanding Redis Data Structures, Clustering, and Core Operations

This article explains how Redis stores all values as byte arrays, clarifies the five primary data structures, describes cluster slot mapping and node‑key relationships, and covers single‑threaded execution, transactions, pipelines, and the Redis protocol in detail.

Data StructuresTransactionsclustering
0 likes · 14 min read
Understanding Redis Data Structures, Clustering, and Core Operations
360 Tech Engineering
360 Tech Engineering
Mar 15, 2019 · Backend Development

Understanding HTTP/2 Implementation in Go's HTTP Server

This article provides a comprehensive overview of HTTP/2, explaining its binary framing, multiplexing, and the various frame types such as DATA, HEADERS, PRIORITY, RST_STREAM, SETTINGS, PUSH_PROMISE, PING, GOAWAY, WINDOW_UPDATE, and CONTINUATION, with specific focus on how Go's HTTP server implements these features.

BackendFramesGo
0 likes · 12 min read
Understanding HTTP/2 Implementation in Go's HTTP Server
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jan 29, 2019 · Fundamentals

Deep Dive into HTTP: From Packet Capture to Protocol Mechanics

This comprehensive tutorial walks through capturing HTTP traffic with Wireshark and tcpdump, decodes raw TCP packets, explains request and response structures, explores encoding, MIME types, methods, status codes, and advanced topics such as proxies, caching, cookies, redirection, and connection management, giving developers a solid understanding of how HTTP works under the hood.

HTTPNetworkingTCP
0 likes · 30 min read
Deep Dive into HTTP: From Packet Capture to Protocol Mechanics
NetEase Game Operations Platform
NetEase Game Operations Platform
Jan 19, 2019 · Databases

Design and Implementation of Redis Application Layer Protocol (RESP) and Its Python Clients

This article explains the RESP protocol used by Redis, details its five data types, demonstrates pipeline handling with raw sockets, examines the parsing and command‑packing logic of the redis‑py client, analyzes the pipeline implementation and limitations of redis‑py‑cluster, and speculates on upcoming RESP3 features.

PipelinePythonRESP
0 likes · 20 min read
Design and Implementation of Redis Application Layer Protocol (RESP) and Its Python Clients
360 Tech Engineering
360 Tech Engineering
Jan 18, 2019 · Fundamentals

Detailed Explanation of the MQTT CONNECT Packet and Its Fields

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the MQTT CONNECT packet, covering its fixed and variable header structures, protocol name, level, flags, keep‑alive settings, session handling, will message behavior, payload composition, and the server's validation and response process.

IoTMQTTMessaging
0 likes · 11 min read
Detailed Explanation of the MQTT CONNECT Packet and Its Fields
UC Tech Team
UC Tech Team
Nov 12, 2018 · Fundamentals

HTTP/3: Renaming HTTP-over-QUIC and Its Evolution

This article explains how the protocol formerly known as HTTP-over-QUIC was officially renamed to HTTP/3, outlines the role of the IETF QUIC working group, the distinction between iQUIC and gQUIC, and highlights key interoperability milestones and resources.

HTTP/3IETFNetworking
0 likes · 3 min read
HTTP/3: Renaming HTTP-over-QUIC and Its Evolution
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Oct 5, 2018 · Operations

Understanding NDMP (Network Data Management Protocol): Concepts, Backup Principles, Versions, and Implementations

The article provides a comprehensive overview of the Network Data Management Protocol (NDMP), explaining its architecture, core concepts, backup mechanisms, version differences, supported backup software, and various network topologies such as 2‑way, 3‑way, and remote configurations for efficient NAS data protection.

BackupData ManagementNAS
0 likes · 9 min read
Understanding NDMP (Network Data Management Protocol): Concepts, Backup Principles, Versions, and Implementations
360 Quality & Efficiency
360 Quality & Efficiency
Aug 9, 2018 · Backend Development

The Evolution and Architecture of Remote Real‑Device Debugging

This article traces the history, requirements, design, and implementation of a cloud‑phone platform that enables remote real‑device debugging using ADB over TCP, ZMQ‑based proxies, and Golang services to achieve high‑performance, secure, and scalable debugging across separated deployments.

ADBBackendGolang
0 likes · 6 min read
The Evolution and Architecture of Remote Real‑Device Debugging
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Jul 24, 2018 · Fundamentals

A Visual Guide to TCP’s Three‑Way Handshake and Four‑Way Teardown

This article uses animated analogies to demystify TCP’s three‑way handshake, data transmission nuances, and four‑way connection termination, explaining states like SYN_SENT, SYN_RCVD, ESTABLISHED, and TIME_WAIT, while also covering retransmission, flow control, and packet ordering in an easy‑to‑understand visual format.

HandshakeTCPconnection
0 likes · 8 min read
A Visual Guide to TCP’s Three‑Way Handshake and Four‑Way Teardown
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Jun 27, 2018 · Fundamentals

Unveiling TCP’s Three‑Way Handshake and Four‑Way Teardown with Simple Animations

This article uses simple animations and analogies to demystify TCP’s three‑way handshake, data transmission nuances, and the four‑way connection termination, explaining key states like SYN_SENT, SYN_RCVD, and TIME_WAIT while also covering retransmission, duplicate‑ack handling, and window sizing.

Connection terminationHandshakeNetworking
0 likes · 9 min read
Unveiling TCP’s Three‑Way Handshake and Four‑Way Teardown with Simple Animations
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
May 2, 2018 · Fundamentals

Fundamentals of TCP: Role, Packet Size, Sequencing, Assembly, Slow Start, and Loss Recovery

This article explains the basic principles of the TCP protocol, covering its purpose in ensuring reliable data transmission, packet size limits, sequence numbering, how packets are reassembled by the operating system, the slow‑start mechanism with ACK handling, and methods for detecting and retransmitting lost packets.

NetworkingSlow StartTCP
0 likes · 9 min read
Fundamentals of TCP: Role, Packet Size, Sequencing, Assembly, Slow Start, and Loss Recovery
21CTO
21CTO
Jan 10, 2018 · Backend Development

Why HTTP/2 Supercharges REST APIs: Performance, Security, and Beyond

HTTP/2 replaces the text‑based HTTP/1.x with a binary, multiplexed protocol that reduces latency, eliminates head‑of‑line blocking, compresses headers, enables server push, and improves security, offering REST APIs faster, more efficient communication while preserving familiar semantics for developers.

BinaryHTTP/2REST API
0 likes · 12 min read
Why HTTP/2 Supercharges REST APIs: Performance, Security, and Beyond
WeChat Backend Team
WeChat Backend Team
Dec 9, 2016 · Information Security

Understanding TLS Handshake: Protocol Flow, Algorithms, and Security

This article explains the TLS handshake protocol in depth, covering its overall flow, the generation of security parameters, the role of asymmetric algorithms, message structures, performance considerations, and mechanisms like session caching and abbreviated handshakes to ensure secure communication.

HandshakeTLSTLS1.2
0 likes · 22 min read
Understanding TLS Handshake: Protocol Flow, Algorithms, and Security
Architect
Architect
Jun 23, 2016 · Mobile Development

Analysis of WeChat Sync Protocol and Network Architecture

The article provides a detailed technical analysis of WeChat's communication protocol, describing its SYNC‑based state synchronization, short and long connection designs, packet structures, SyncKey handling, multi‑device login, and differences between mobile and web clients, offering insight for developers and engineers.

WeChatmobile messagingnetwork
0 likes · 18 min read
Analysis of WeChat Sync Protocol and Network Architecture
21CTO
21CTO
Mar 28, 2016 · Fundamentals

Mastering HTTP: From Requests to Responses and Protocol Differences

This comprehensive guide reviews the essential elements of HTTP requests and responses, explains version differences, clarifies the distinctions between HTTP, Socket, and TCP, and provides practical iOS implementation details for developers seeking a deeper understanding of web communication.

HTTPNetworkingSocket
0 likes · 12 min read
Mastering HTTP: From Requests to Responses and Protocol Differences
21CTO
21CTO
Feb 27, 2016 · Fundamentals

Why HTTP Matters: From a Simple Story to Real‑World Web Requests

This article explains the purpose and structure of the HTTP protocol, using a humorous story and Java code examples to illustrate request‑response mechanics, URL syntax, headers, and servlet interfaces, helping developers grasp how browsers and servers communicate over the web.

HTTPJavaRequest/Response
0 likes · 16 min read
Why HTTP Matters: From a Simple Story to Real‑World Web Requests
21CTO
21CTO
Jan 6, 2016 · Fundamentals

Understanding HTTP and TCP/IP: Long vs Short Connections Explained

This article explains how HTTP relies on TCP/IP, clarifies the stateless nature of HTTP, and compares long and short connections—including their TCP handshakes, keep‑alive mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages, and appropriate usage scenarios for web and database communications.

HTTPTCP/IPlong-connection
0 likes · 9 min read
Understanding HTTP and TCP/IP: Long vs Short Connections Explained
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Dec 12, 2015 · Backend Development

How Memcached and Redis Work: Architecture, Protocols, and Memory Management

This article breaks down the core architecture, request protocols, and memory management mechanisms of Memcached and Redis, comparing their server models, highlighting their strengths and trade‑offs, and offering practical guidance for selecting and tuning these distributed caching solutions.

BackendMemcacheddistributed cache
0 likes · 8 min read
How Memcached and Redis Work: Architecture, Protocols, and Memory Management