Fundamentals of AI Chips: General Processor (CPU) – ALU, Registers, and Controller

The piece explains that, regardless of implementation changes or transistor count growth, a CPU’s core always consists of three main parts: the arithmetic‑logic unit (ALU), the controller, and registers.

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Also known as the ALU, it handles all arithmetic and logical operations required by the processor.

Registers: Divided into instruction registers and data registers, they temporarily store instructions, operands needed by the ALU, and results produced by the ALU.

Controller: Responsible for scheduling tasks, including decoding instructions, fetching data from memory into registers, and issuing specific operation commands to the ALU and registers.

The article also points readers to a series of comprehensive AI‑chip technical report collections (e.g., “100+ AI Chip Technical Mastery Collection”, DeepSeek reports, and other related white‑papers) for further in‑depth learning.

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