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Cloud Architecture

Focuses on cloud‑native and distributed architecture engineering, sharing practical solutions and lessons learned. Covers microservice governance, Kubernetes, observability, and stability engineering to help your systems run stable, fast, and cost‑effectively.

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Latest from Cloud Architecture

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Cloud Architecture

Jun 11, 2026 · Backend Development

RocketMQ Storage HA Deep Dive: CommitLog Mechanics to Production Controller Failover

This article analyzes RocketMQ’s storage high‑availability, detailing the CommitLog, ConsumeQueue, flushing and replication mechanisms, comparing traditional master‑slave, DLedger and Controller modes, and provides engineering configurations, code examples, capacity planning, Kubernetes deployment, monitoring and recovery practices for production‑grade fault tolerance.

CommitLogControllerDLedger

0 likes · 42 min read

RocketMQ Storage HA Deep Dive: CommitLog Mechanics to Production Controller Failover

Cloud Architecture

Jun 11, 2026 · Databases

MySQL Deadlock Elimination: 9 Golden Rules and Production‑Ready Defense

Deadlocks in MySQL are not random glitches but the inevitable result of uncontrolled concurrency, lock granularity, transaction boundaries, and resource ordering; this article explains the underlying lock mechanisms, common deadlock scenarios, and presents nine practical, production‑grade rules for architecture design, lock management, and observability to keep deadlocks within acceptable SLA limits.

InnoDBMySQLPerformance

0 likes · 31 min read

MySQL Deadlock Elimination: 9 Golden Rules and Production‑Ready Defense

Cloud Architecture

Jun 10, 2026 · Backend Development

Million-Connection Single-Server with Netty: Architecture, Extreme Tuning, and Production Deployment

This article details how to design and tune a Netty‑based single‑machine gateway capable of handling one million concurrent TCP long‑connections, covering network model, memory management, protocol design, OS and JVM optimizations, clustering, load balancing, graceful shutdown, monitoring, and practical deployment considerations.

JavaLong ConnectionsNetty

0 likes · 43 min read

Million-Connection Single-Server with Netty: Architecture, Extreme Tuning, and Production Deployment

Cloud Architecture

Jun 10, 2026 · Backend Development

How to End Duplicate Consumption in RocketMQ with Idempotence and High‑Concurrency Architecture

The article explains why RocketMQ inevitably delivers duplicate messages under at‑least‑once semantics, analyzes root causes in producer, broker and consumer stages, and presents a production‑grade idempotent solution that combines business keys, Redis caching, Redisson locks, a MySQL idempotent table, AOP interception, and comprehensive monitoring to guarantee exactly‑once business outcomes even under high concurrency and Kubernetes graceful shutdown.

High ConcurrencyJavaMonitoring

0 likes · 34 min read

How to End Duplicate Consumption in RocketMQ with Idempotence and High‑Concurrency Architecture

Cloud Architecture

Jun 9, 2026 · Cloud Native

Kubernetes Deployment Node Scheduling: A Complete Guide Beyond Just Running Pods

The article explains why the default Kubernetes scheduler is insufficient for production, details the four scheduling constraints—resource, topology, performance, and governance—covers the scheduler's internal phases, and provides practical patterns, code examples, and troubleshooting steps for robust Deployment node scheduling.

KubernetesNode Schedulingdeployment

0 likes · 43 min read

Kubernetes Deployment Node Scheduling: A Complete Guide Beyond Just Running Pods

Cloud Architecture

Jun 8, 2026 · Backend Development

Why Fixed‑Window Rate Limiting Fails in High‑Concurrency: Full Guide to Three Production‑Ready Approaches

The article explains why the simple fixed‑window counter is a hidden trap for high‑traffic systems, outlines five essential questions for production‑grade rate limiting, and compares three practical deployment patterns—single‑node Guava token bucket, Redis‑based distributed sliding window, and Sentinel‑driven microservice governance—complete with code and operational tips.

GuavaHigh ConcurrencyRate Limiting

0 likes · 44 min read

Why Fixed‑Window Rate Limiting Fails in High‑Concurrency: Full Guide to Three Production‑Ready Approaches

Cloud Architecture

Jun 7, 2026 · Cloud Native

Deep Dive into Kubernetes Scheduler: From Scheduling Cycle to Managing Ten‑Thousands of Pods

This guide explains why the kube‑scheduler becomes a bottleneck in large clusters, walks through its architecture, scheduling cycle, queue mechanics, constraint handling, plugin framework, multi‑scheduler designs, production‑grade tuning, observability, and real‑world case studies for achieving stable, high‑throughput pod placement.

Schedulinghigh-throughputkube-scheduler

0 likes · 37 min read

Deep Dive into Kubernetes Scheduler: From Scheduling Cycle to Managing Ten‑Thousands of Pods

Cloud Architecture

Jun 7, 2026 · Cloud Native

Kubernetes ConfigMap & Secret: Principles, Architecture, and Production‑Ready Governance Guide

This guide explains why ConfigMap and Secret often cause production incidents, outlines their responsibilities, details the propagation chain from the API server to pods, and provides concrete best‑practice patterns—including immutable objects, GitOps workflows, external secret management, reloader controllers, and observability—to achieve safe, scalable configuration governance in Kubernetes.

ConfigMapConfiguration ManagementGitOps

0 likes · 38 min read

Kubernetes ConfigMap & Secret: Principles, Architecture, and Production‑Ready Governance Guide

Cloud Architecture

Jun 6, 2026 · Cloud Native

Deep Dive into Container Runtimes: Production Architecture, Tuning, and Troubleshooting from Docker to Kubernetes

This article examines why many Kubernetes failures stem from the container runtime layer, explains the responsibilities of Docker, containerd, runc, and CRI, and provides production‑grade architectures, tuning guidelines, migration steps, security hardening, and observability practices to keep clusters stable and performant.

CRIDockerKubernetes

0 likes · 33 min read

Deep Dive into Container Runtimes: Production Architecture, Tuning, and Troubleshooting from Docker to Kubernetes

Cloud Architecture

Jun 5, 2026 · Backend Development

RocketMQ 4.x Deep Dive: Send Mechanics, Thread Model & High‑Concurrency

This article explains why a RocketMQ producer is more than a simple send API, detailing its role in system throughput, consistency and fault isolation, and walks through sending principles, thread models, high‑concurrency design, retry strategies, back‑pressure mechanisms, outbox integration and production‑grade monitoring.

High ConcurrencyJavaProducer

0 likes · 54 min read

RocketMQ 4.x Deep Dive: Send Mechanics, Thread Model & High‑Concurrency