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Cloud Architecture
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Cloud Architecture

Focuses on cloud‑native and distributed architecture engineering, sharing practical solutions and lessons learned. Covers microservice governance, Kubernetes, observability, and stability engineering to help your systems run stable, fast, and cost‑effectively.

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Recent Articles

Latest from Cloud Architecture

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Cloud Architecture
Cloud Architecture
Jul 25, 2026 · Backend Development

From MySQL to 10M QPS: A Full‑Stack Engineering Blueprint for High‑Throughput Transaction Systems

This white‑paper dissects why a monolithic MySQL‑based order service collapses under peak traffic and presents a layered, asynchronous architecture—using Redis for stock pre‑allocation, RocketMQ for transactional messaging, sharding, idempotency, and comprehensive observability—to reliably handle tens of millions of queries per second.

RedisRocketMQTransaction Processing
0 likes · 34 min read
From MySQL to 10M QPS: A Full‑Stack Engineering Blueprint for High‑Throughput Transaction Systems
Cloud Architecture
Cloud Architecture
Jul 22, 2026 · Information Security

Production‑Ready Nginx mTLS: From HTTPS to Mutual Authentication

The article explains why one‑way TLS is insufficient for high‑risk interfaces, defines the problems mTLS solves, outlines suitable and unsuitable scenarios, details certificate hierarchy and field design, provides production‑grade Nginx configurations, and shares practical deployment, troubleshooting, performance, observability, and Kubernetes integration guidance.

ProductionTLScertificate management
0 likes · 30 min read
Production‑Ready Nginx mTLS: From HTTPS to Mutual Authentication
Cloud Architecture
Cloud Architecture
Jul 21, 2026 · Cloud Native

Kubernetes Troubleshooting in Practice: 20 Survival Rules from Real Incidents

This article presents a hands‑on guide to diagnosing Kubernetes production failures, distilling a real e‑commerce outage into 20 actionable rules that cover nodes, control plane, networking, scheduling, storage and observability, and provides a step‑by‑step diagnostic workflow with concrete commands and examples.

ConfigMapHPAKubernetes
0 likes · 29 min read
Kubernetes Troubleshooting in Practice: 20 Survival Rules from Real Incidents
Cloud Architecture
Cloud Architecture
Jul 21, 2026 · Cloud Native

Stop Blindly Choosing Service Discovery: Deep Comparison of Eureka, Nacos & ZooKeeper

The article recounts a real‑world outage caused by Eureka’s self‑protection mode, then establishes five key evaluation dimensions for service discovery, provides a detailed side‑by‑side analysis of Eureka, ZooKeeper and Nacos—including design goals, failure modes, scalability and operational features—and offers concrete guidance on selecting, configuring and migrating to the most suitable registry for production micro‑service environments.

EurekaNacosZooKeeper
0 likes · 35 min read
Stop Blindly Choosing Service Discovery: Deep Comparison of Eureka, Nacos & ZooKeeper
Cloud Architecture
Cloud Architecture
Jul 20, 2026 · Cloud Native

Kubernetes Authentication Time Bomb: The Evolution and Production Practices of ServiceAccount Tokens

The article explains how many teams mistakenly think they are using Kubernetes authentication while actually mounting long‑lived Bearer tokens, outlines the risks of legacy ServiceAccount tokens, describes the new projected token mechanism, and provides step‑by‑step guidance for secure production deployment and migration.

KubernetesProjectedVolumeSecurity
0 likes · 21 min read
Kubernetes Authentication Time Bomb: The Evolution and Production Practices of ServiceAccount Tokens
Cloud Architecture
Cloud Architecture
Jul 20, 2026 · Databases

Designing MySQL for Millions of QPS: From Single Server to Distributed Architecture

The article walks through a real‑world order system that spikes to 300,000 QPS, explaining why the original single‑node MySQL design fails, and detailing a step‑by‑step evolution—index tuning, transaction fixes, read‑write splitting, vertical and horizontal sharding, plus data‑pipeline integration—to achieve stable low latency at massive scale.

Database ScalingIndex OptimizationRead-Write Splitting
0 likes · 20 min read
Designing MySQL for Millions of QPS: From Single Server to Distributed Architecture
Cloud Architecture
Cloud Architecture
Jul 18, 2026 · Backend Development

RabbitMQ Idempotent Consumption: Keeping Duplicate Processing Within Business Limits

The article explains why RabbitMQ provides at‑least‑once delivery, how duplicate consumption arises in publish‑subscribe scenarios, and presents a step‑by‑step design—including deduplication keys, a deduplication table, transactional writes, proper ACK ordering, and a checklist of common pitfalls—to ensure idempotent processing stays within acceptable business tolerances.

Database TransactionJavaMessage Queue
0 likes · 20 min read
RabbitMQ Idempotent Consumption: Keeping Duplicate Processing Within Business Limits
Cloud Architecture
Cloud Architecture
Jul 17, 2026 · Cloud Native

Stop Hand‑Crafting ClusterRoles: Build a Production‑Grade Kubernetes RBAC Governance System with rbac‑manager

This article explains why manually managing ClusterRoles leads to governance chaos in Kubernetes, introduces rbac‑manager as a declarative controller that centralises binding creation, recycling and auditing, and provides a step‑by‑step guide with real‑world examples to build a scalable, production‑ready RBAC management workflow.

KubernetesRBACaccess control
0 likes · 23 min read
Stop Hand‑Crafting ClusterRoles: Build a Production‑Grade Kubernetes RBAC Governance System with rbac‑manager
Cloud Architecture
Cloud Architecture
Jul 17, 2026 · Backend Development

Elasticsearch Cluster: Inverted Index, Mechanics, Architecture for 100M+ Queries

This article provides a comprehensive, production‑grade guide to Elasticsearch clusters, covering the fundamentals of inverted indexes and Lucene segments, near‑real‑time write mechanics, shard routing, indexing pipelines, query execution flow, scaling strategies, and practical tips to avoid common pitfalls in high‑traffic search systems.

ElasticsearchJavaindexing
0 likes · 37 min read
Elasticsearch Cluster: Inverted Index, Mechanics, Architecture for 100M+ Queries