The article reviews the evolution of Direct Attached Storage (DAS) from its early role as basic direct‑connected storage to its renewed relevance in big‑data, cloud, and HPC environments, detailing market growth, vendor offerings, architectural designs, and practical deployment scenarios.
This article details the HULK team's experience upgrading their private‑cloud OpenStack environment from Kilo to Mitaka, covering background, risk‑benefit analysis, preparation, step‑by‑step procedures, common pitfalls, and practical solutions, offering actionable guidance for similar OpenStack migrations.
This article examines the evolution of cloud computing, compares public and private cloud models, highlights the strengths and shortcomings of major providers such as AWS, Azure, and Alibaba Cloud, and explores how OpenStack can address enterprise needs while outlining future software‑defined trends.
This article walks you through the entire process of reporting OpenStack bugs and submitting patches, covering both known and unknown issues, required preparations, SSH key setup, Gerrit configuration, git‑review usage, common pitfalls, and final review steps.
This article explains how applying Lean Engineering principles—such as small batches, rapid failure, continuous improvement, and continuous delivery—can reduce risk, accelerate software delivery, and improve quality in enterprise IT environments, while also integrating cloud‑based automation and feedback loops.
The article explains how growing business complexity and legacy code make monolithic systems hard to maintain, and shows how microservice architecture—by isolating functionality, improving scalability, supporting DevOps, and fitting cloud environments—delivers agility, lower error rates, and easier resource management.
This article explains Baidu App Engine's lightweight virtual‑machine based resource isolation, presents performance test results for PHP workloads, details the platform's features such as multi‑language support and automatic dependency installation, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for setting up the local development environment on Windows and Linux.
This article explains how Alibaba leverages a one‑click site‑building platform and elastic capacity delivery to dynamically provision, scale, and release cloud resources for the massive traffic spikes of the Double 11 shopping festival, reducing waste and improving operational efficiency.
Serverless computing has surged since Amazon introduced Lambda in 2014, and IBM’s open‑source OpenWhisk—now integrated with Bluemix and supporting Node.js—offers a comparable FaaS solution, enabling developers to quickly deploy functions such as a Node.js Yahoo Weather query on the cloud.
This article explains how Tencent built a billion‑scale, generalized recommendation system by designing a reusable algorithm library, deploying a low‑latency, highly available real‑time streaming platform (R2), and offering a cloud‑based recommendation engine that simplifies integration for internet businesses.
Meituan’s self‑developed MGW replaces LVS with a DPDK‑based four‑layer load balancer that handles tens of gigabits per second and millions of concurrent connections by eliminating interrupts and locks, isolating control and data planes, and providing OSPF‑ECMP clustering with seamless failover and session synchronization.
The 2016 HDG Shenzhen finale recap highlights five expert talks covering developer journeys, Huawei's network acceleration API, AI‑driven maker spirit, cloud collaboration strategies, and the CloudOpera IES open‑API ecosystem, illustrating practical lessons for modern developers.
This article introduces the standout operations professionals featured by the High‑Efficiency Operations community in 2016, summarizing each expert’s background, key achievements, and a curated list of their most influential technical articles for readers seeking deep insights into modern ops practices.
This article explains the origins, core features, logical architecture, and advantages of data lakes, contrasts them with traditional data warehouses, outlines a modern data architecture that combines lakes and warehouses, and introduces the DCE intelligent data lake platform with practical Q&A.
This article explains how large internet firms evolve their IT operations from reactive fire‑fighting teams to standardized, model‑driven, automated platforms covering planning, building, management, monitoring, and process‑oriented operations across compute, storage, and network resources.
The article shares a comprehensive recap of AWS re:Invent 2016, highlighting over a thousand new features across compute, storage, networking, security and tools, discussing serverless concepts, the Modern Data Architecture framework, and practical lessons learned by the English‑Fluent‑Talk engineering team.
This article examines the core technologies of big data—including data collection, storage, management, analysis, and mining—highlighting architectural challenges, analysis techniques, storage solutions, ETL processes, and the interplay between big data and cloud computing, while emphasizing practical implementation considerations.
MIT Technology Review reports that Alibaba’s 2022 Double 11 shopping festival set new e‑commerce records while showcasing the company’s advanced big‑data, AI, and cloud‑computing technologies, highlighting massive transaction volumes, high‑quality data processing, robust security measures, and the strategic push toward global digital infrastructure.
This article provides a comprehensive, command‑by‑command tutorial for installing and configuring the OpenStack Neutron networking service on the controller, network, and compute nodes, covering package installation, database setup, Keystone integration, ML2 plugin configuration, and service startup.
This tutorial walks through the complete installation and configuration of OpenStack's Glance image service and Nova compute service, covering package installation, database initialization, Keystone integration, service registration, endpoint creation, and service startup on both controller and compute nodes.
Learn how to set up a private OpenStack Icehouse cloud by following detailed installation steps, configuring Keystone, setting up networking, creating tenants, roles, and users, and verifying services, complete with command-line examples and essential configuration files.
This guide walks through KVM’s background, features, architecture, and step‑by‑step deployment—including hardware checks, module loading, qemu‑kvm options, bridge configuration, script creation, VM installation, and Libvirt‑based management with virt‑install and virt‑manager—providing a comprehensive tutorial for Linux virtualization.
This article explains Tencent Cloud's end‑to‑end solution for global same‑server gaming, covering centralized data deployment, regional player access, high‑speed VPC interconnects, POP acceleration, and practical deployment steps to achieve low‑latency worldwide gameplay.
The 2016 Global Agile Operations Summit in Shanghai concluded with a series of expert sessions covering agile DevOps trends, cloud‑native automation platforms, database performance tuning, container orchestration, and real‑world case studies from leading companies, followed by the award ceremony honoring ten MVPs who drove innovation across operations and infrastructure.
The article describes how Alibaba leverages big data, cloud computing and AI through its “City Brain” project and security platforms to improve urban traffic management, public safety, anti‑fraud measures and e‑commerce risk control, illustrating the transformative impact of data‑driven technologies on modern social governance.
OpenStack Ironic is a dedicated bare‑metal service that replaces Nova’s original driver, using PXE and IPMI to automate physical server deployment, power management, and resource discovery, integrating with Keystone, Nova, Neutron, Glance, and Cinder to provide cloud‑like provisioning for real hardware.
In this interview, Ma Jin, lead of NetEase's distributed database DDB, discusses the system's evolution, technical challenges, performance‑optimization practices, cloud‑native proxy deployment, and future prospects for distributed databases within large‑scale applications.
The conference featured a series of high‑availability architecture talks covering performance‑driven design, RPC framework resilience, big‑data platform evolution, MySQL cluster consistency, and cloud infrastructure best practices, presented by experts from 58.com, Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu, and others.
This article explains the definitions of service, SLI, SLO, and SLA, outlines how to choose and measure appropriate indicators, shares best practices for setting and improving SLOs, and shows how SLAs combine objectives with consequences to manage service reliability.
The article explores how AI, cloud computing, big data, and advanced logistics power China’s Double 11 shopping festival, turning it into a showcase for cutting‑edge technologies that drive personalization, real‑time analysis, and industry‑wide digital transformation.
This article chronicles Hadoop’s ten‑year evolution from its early Nutch roots to a mature big‑data platform, detailing its technical architecture, ecosystem growth, industry adoption, application scenarios, and future challenges in storage, resource management, compute engines, security, and analytics.
This article examines the evolution of Taobao's technical architecture—from a LAMP stack through Oracle‑based mainframes to a cloud‑native platform—highlighting the performance, scalability, and cost challenges of traditional IT and offering best‑practice strategies for migrating enterprise systems to the cloud.
The article analyzes three cloud‑centric commercial models—Pay As You Grow, Pay As You Use, and Revenue Sharing—explaining their origins, pricing mechanics, suitable scenarios, and the distinct advantages and risks they bring to customers, operators, and equipment suppliers.
The article presents an interview with SPEC chairman Walter Bays at the 2016 SPEC Asia Summit in Beijing, discussing SPEC’s role, its benchmark standards, the organization’s focus on China, and the introduction of cloud‑IaaS and big‑data performance benchmarks for future computing needs.
This article demystifies IaaS virtualization by likening hypervisors to a "split‑body" technique, explains the two main hypervisor types, compares Xen and KVM, and highlights the cost and management benefits that virtual machines bring to modern cloud environments.
In his Yunxi Conference keynote, Alibaba’s Wang Jian explores how cloud computing, data liberation, and AI breakthroughs like AlphaGo are reshaping innovation, bridging distant technologies, and enabling smart city solutions such as data‑driven traffic control across China.
The article explains how modern business operation management integrates cloud computing, big data analytics, and proactive IT monitoring to shift from traditional infrastructure‑centric maintenance to a user‑experience‑driven, data‑powered approach that boosts performance, accelerates growth, and supports digital transformation.
Voice interaction offers scenario‑aware, hands‑free experiences that let users handle multiple tasks simultaneously, overcoming the visual focus of traditional GUIs, and its design benefits from Nielsen’s usability heuristics, cloud AI, and big‑data‑driven context awareness.
This article introduces cloud computing fundamentals, explains the SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS service models, and shares why the HULK virtualization team builds its own IaaS using open‑source tools like OpenStack, KVM, and Open vSwitch to reduce cost, increase flexibility, and improve security.
In his 2016 Yunqi Conference keynote, Wang Jian highlighted how Alibaba’s cloud and AI technologies transform city traffic by linking surveillance cameras to traffic lights, discussed the evolution from Deep Blue to AlphaGo, and reflected on the broader impact of data-driven innovation on society.
This article details NetEase’s object storage (NOS) architecture, covering its use cases, core components such as DDB and DFS, rich media processing pipeline, upload acceleration techniques, and practical overload control measures for handling massive unstructured data workloads.
In his keynote at the Alibaba Cloud Conference, CTO Zhang Jianfeng explains how advances in computing power, AI, big data, and IoT are driving the digital transformation of retail, manufacturing, and services, enabling smarter products, personalized experiences, and a fully connected intelligent world.
This guide walks you through converting an existing Express‑based Node.js web app to a fully serverless solution using AWS Lambda and API Gateway, outlining three simple steps and highlighting benefits like automatic scaling, caching, authentication, API versioning, and auto‑generated SDKs.
This talk details Ctrip's application operations framework, covering data‑center scale, multi‑application deployment on Windows, high availability goals, capacity‑prediction models, disaster‑recovery design, incident response, and the evolution from manual tooling to automated, intelligent operations.
This article curates five technical reads—covering network operations, Google’s production environment, massive cost‑saving strategies, IDC automation, and Docker‑based RDS—each presented as a “medicine” with a brief description and a link for deeper insight.
This article explains the concepts of Virtual OS Infrastructure (VOI) and Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI), introduces the Next Generation Desktop (NGD) as a hybrid solution, discusses their limitations, and shows how cloud storage can integrate VOI and VDI to enable flexible, cost‑effective cloud computing deployments.
This article presents Ctrip's deployment of a virtual cloud desktop system for its call center, detailing the OpenStack‑based architecture, advantages over traditional PCs, challenges encountered, the evolution to a decoupled design, resource over‑commit strategies, networking issues, and the operational tools and automated testing that ensure stability.
This article explains Microsoft Azure Site Recovery’s hybrid and private‑cloud disaster‑recovery solutions, covering basic concepts, architecture, configuration steps, integration with SCVMM, and recent feature enhancements for continuous VM replication, failover testing, and customizable recovery workflows.
In just one year, Alibaba built two world‑class green data centers in Zhangbei, harnessing abundant wind and solar power to achieve record‑low PUE, modular construction, and advanced cooling, thereby boosting cloud, big data and AI services for millions of enterprises in northern China.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Docker's technical architecture, detailing its key modules such as the client, daemon, server, engine, job system, registry, graph, driver, libcontainer, and container components, and explains how they enable isolation, resource management, networking, and continuous deployment in modern DevOps workflows.
This article provides a systematic summary of Ceph's architecture, including its core services, RADOS layer, libraries, high‑level storage interfaces, client interactions, data placement algorithms, and deployment considerations, while also comparing its ecosystem and enterprise features.
This article explains what OpenStack is, outlines its core modules, and details the most important monitoring metrics for Nova, Neutron, Keystone, hypervisors, tenants, and RabbitMQ, helping engineers build a robust, scalable OpenStack monitoring solution.
This article explains how OpenStack’s Nova service interacts with underlying hypervisors—especially KVM—through components like Nova‑Compute, drivers, and Libvirt, covering supported hypervisors, scheduling, and the overall workflow for creating virtual machines in a cloud environment.
The HDG Hangzhou event showcased Huawei’s CloudOpera IES architecture, north‑ and south‑bound open capabilities, hands‑on remote labs, plus deep dives into Huawei CCE hybrid‑cloud containers, Kubernetes design, and video UI integration, all wrapped in live streaming, audience interaction, and community networking.
The Beijing OpenStack Days event on July 14‑15, sponsored by Huawei, gathered over 2,000 attendees and featured key speeches on Open Cloud, distributed data‑center challenges, and OpenStack container projects, while showcasing FusionCloud solutions and upcoming technical sessions.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Ceph's distributed storage architecture, explains the CRUSH algorithm, data placement, OSD, monitor, and MDS components, and offers step‑by‑step instructions for installing and configuring a basic CephFS cluster.
The article examines Oracle's gradual abandonment of Java EE, detailing how funding cuts, internal re‑assignments, and legal battles have stalled development, sparked community backlash, and raised concerns about the future of enterprise Java and its ecosystem.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of VMware's virtualization and cloud solutions—including vSphere, vCloud Suite, and vRealize Suite—and explains the various certification programs such as VAAI, PSA, VASA, SRM, vVols, and vRealize certifications, highlighting their features and integration capabilities.
The 2015 MVP ComCamp keynote highlighted the rise of open‑source contributions, the availability of free development tools like Visual Studio Community, and cross‑platform strategies using cloud services such as Azure and Visual Studio Online, illustrating how developers can leverage these resources to build modern applications across devices.
The 2016 RightScale cloud computing survey of 1,060 respondents shows rapid growth in DevOps usage, a doubling of Docker adoption, diverse tool combinations, and highlights container challenges such as lack of experience, with Europe leading Docker usage and a strong push for education and practice.
This article examines software-defined storage (SDS) concepts and provides a detailed comparison of two commercially deployed pure‑software storage products—EMC ViPR and Huawei OceanStor DJ—covering their architectures, ecosystem integration, technical advantages, automation capabilities, and open‑API interfaces within a VMware SDDC context.
In this keynote, Google’s Daniel Alegre explains how the shift of economic power to Asia, the rise of new mobile‑first consumers, and the convergence of mobile, connectivity, and machine learning are reshaping global business strategies and driving rapid digital transformation.
The article examines Alibaba's Zeus resource scheduling platform, detailing its background, problem analysis, container‑based virtualization, distributed architecture, strategies for improving resource utilization such as overselling and hybrid deployment, as well as stability measures and automation for large‑scale operations.
This article traces cloud computing’s history from early grid and parallel computing concepts, through the rise of service-oriented models and virtualization, to today’s cloud‑native architectures, highlighting its transformation into a fine‑grained, on‑demand public resource.
This article compares traditional (IOE‑based) and internet (open‑source) operation models, examines their architectural, target‑object, personnel, and philosophical differences, explores the de‑IOE movement, and outlines emerging trends shaping the future of IT operations.
This article examines the DevOps dilemma caused by fragmented development and operations workflows, explains why IaaS alone cannot solve it, and outlines how PaaS combined with modern cloud-native tools such as Docker, Mesos, and YARN can automate resource allocation, deployment, service discovery, and monitoring to create a cohesive, scalable operations platform.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Internet of Things (IoT), covering its definition, layered architecture, rapid market growth, key application domains, data integration challenges, security concerns, and network load management, highlighting the shift from traditional IT to cloud‑enabled, sensor‑driven infrastructures.
The talk details how Alibaba transformed its monolithic e‑commerce systems into a large‑scale distributed architecture using shared services, middleware, caching, database sharding, capacity planning, and cloud elasticity to support the massive traffic of the annual Double 11 shopping festival.
This article explains how Netflix uses the open‑source EVCache system, built on Memcached and Kafka, to provide highly reliable, low‑latency caching for its micro‑services architecture across multiple AWS regions, handling billions of objects and millions of requests per second.
This article chronicles Liu Tiansi’s 13‑year journey from a PHP/Java developer to a senior operations engineer at Tencent, detailing his open‑source contributions, large‑scale CDN management, massive game data pipelines, DevOps practices, and practical lessons for building reliable, automated infrastructure.
This article distills a 2016 Global Operations Conference talk that introduces the Application Running Environment (ARE) concept, outlines IaaS's fundamental and immutable characteristics, examines multi‑team challenges, and proposes a stack‑based, democratic, aspect‑oriented management approach with concrete schemas, patterns, and operational models.
This article introduces the key OpenStack services—Nova, Neutron, Keystone, Glance, Horizon, Cinder, Swift, Heat, and Ceilometer—explaining each component’s role, functionality, and how they collectively enable scalable compute, networking, identity, image, dashboard, block storage, object storage, orchestration, and telemetry in cloud environments.
This article reviews the evolution of Configuration Management Databases (CMDB) in traditional enterprises, identifies common implementation challenges, and proposes a cloud‑native CMDB architecture that combines flexible models, automated data collection, API exposure, and scenario‑driven services to meet modern IT operations needs.
This article provides a detailed overview of VMware NSX SDN, explaining its key components—NSX Manager, virtual switches, controller, and Edge services—and how they enable software‑defined networking, virtualized routing, firewalls, load balancing, and other layer‑2 to layer‑7 functions in modern data‑center environments.
This guide outlines the rapid evolution of cloud services and how developers can leverage cloud hosts, engines, data storage, APM, communication, security, and container platforms to boost efficiency, reduce operational costs, and seamlessly integrate these services into their projects.
This article introduces Ceph as an open‑source distributed storage system that supports object, block, and file interfaces, explains its core RADOS components, outlines its advantages such as unified storage, high scalability, reliability and performance, and details how Ceph handles object and block storage within cloud environments.
The article examines the paradox of the Chinese securities industry—high demand for cutting‑edge trading, quantitative and high‑frequency systems versus outdated IT—while detailing the team’s FinTech startup approach, their Node.js/Docker/MongoDB stack, a cloud‑native trading platform, microservice architecture, big‑data pipelines, performance tuning, and DevOps practices.
Windows Azure, built on Hyper-V virtualization, organizes physical servers into Host and Guest virtual machines managed by a Fabric Controller that oversees multiple fault domains, using Host and Guest agents to monitor VM health and ensure reliable, on-demand cloud services.
Uber’s CTO Thuan Pham revealed at a Chinese tech salon how the company’s global architecture, data‑center strategy, cloud partnership with Baidu, anti‑fraud machine‑learning models, map localization and big‑data analytics together enable a unified yet locally adapted ride‑sharing platform across China and the world.
Explore a comprehensive big data skill map covering processing frameworks like Spark and Hadoop, databases, programming languages, analytics tools, visualization libraries, AI techniques, algorithms, data structures, and cloud computing services, providing a practical reference for building expertise in modern data engineering.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Citrix XenServer, detailing its Xen‑based hypervisor architecture, management tools, storage and networking components, including resource pools, virtual NICs, Open vSwitch, VLAN support, and distributed switching, highlighting its role in modern cloud virtualization.
This article explains how large‑scale elastic architecture designs achieve high availability and scalability by automatically allocating resources during traffic spikes such as Spring Festival ticket sales and Double‑11 shopping festivals, and outlines key techniques, trends, and disaster‑recovery strategies.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of VMware's high‑reliability PSA architecture, virtual machine conversion tools, HA, DRS, FT, vMotion, storage vMotion, DPM, vNetwork distributed switch, and automation utilities, explaining their functions, components, and operational benefits within virtualized environments.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of VMware vSphere, covering its core components (ESX/ESXi, vCenter, client/web), management features, disaster‑recovery and backup solutions (SRM, VADP, VCB), and storage provisioning methods including VAAI, VASA, vSAN, VMFS, RDM and vVol.
The article analyzes why stability, not raw performance, should be the primary criterion when choosing a cloud provider, describes a 7‑day benchmark across AWS, Azure, Alibaba Cloud, Tencent Cloud and UCloud, and presents detailed results for CPU, memory, disk, database and storage stability.
The article outlines how MySQL architectures evolve from a single-instance setup to vertical splitting, master‑slave replication, horizontal sharding, and cloud‑native SaaS solutions, discussing scalability strategies, sharding techniques, operational challenges, and automation for seamless expansion and high availability.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Hyper-V, covering its extensive operating system support, virtual networking, management integration with System Center, dynamic memory, storage options, VM conversion tools, and key SMB 3.0 features for high‑availability and performance in virtualized environments.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Microsoft Hyper‑V architecture, covering its evolution, deployment options, microkernel design, virtual networking components, and advanced features such as SR‑IOV and VMQ, while contrasting it with earlier Microsoft virtualization products and competing solutions.
This article outlines how a startup progressively upgraded its image‑centric product architecture on Alibaba Cloud—from rapid ECS/RDS deployment, through OSS + CDN acceleration, to caching with Memcache and horizontal scaling with SLB load balancing—offering practical guidance for similar teams.
The article outlines the three core traits of internet architecture—agility, scalability, and openness—illustrates them with Alibaba’s supply‑chain and product examples, and explains how cloud‑based, distributed systems enable enterprises to become operators of their own core capabilities.
The article explains Alibaba's continuous delivery theory, tools, and best‑practice pipeline—including integration, testing, deployment, and release—illustrated with diagrams and a detailed description of how the platform improves software quality, collaboration, and operational resilience in large‑scale cloud environments.
The article examines system reliability concepts such as availability, MTBF, MTTR, and outage classifications, analyzes the Alipay service interruption, discusses various redundancy and failover strategies, and explores YunOS reliability testing and design practices to improve overall system robustness.
This article details Meituan Cloud's evolution from a private, self‑developed cloud platform to a high‑performance public cloud, covering the motivations, architectural upgrades across physical links, host networking, gateways, controllers, and the adoption of overlay technologies like VXLAN to achieve industry‑leading scalability and reliability.
This article explains virtualization fundamentals, categorizes its various types—including emulation, full, para‑, OS‑level, library, and application virtualization—covers memory and I/O virtualization mechanisms, and describes networking approaches such as bridging, isolation, routing, host‑only, and NAT.
This article explores the evolution of cloud platforms—from early virtualization (Cloud1.0) through resource‑centric Cloud2.0 to application‑centric PaaS (Cloud3.0)—detailing essential operations tasks such as resource allocation, deployment, service discovery, and log management, and outlining practical design choices using Docker, Mesos, and ELK.
The article compares IBM Bluemix's Cloud Foundry and Docker, outlining their core concepts, key advantages such as ease of use versus portability, differences in packaging, scalability, service integration, and provides guidance on choosing the right platform for various application needs.
Over the past decade, open‑source software has surged in the enterprise sector, driven by startups and venture capital, with surveys showing widespread adoption, increased contributions, and strong security advantages that are reshaping IT architecture, cloud, and big‑data strategies.
The article explains the internal and external drivers behind website architecture evolution, outlines the U‑N‑S‑C model, describes scaling steps such as service separation, caching, clustering, load balancing, database read/write splitting, CDN, and highlights the operational and organizational challenges of each phase.
The 2015 database landscape saw cloud integration, open‑source momentum, and major product releases—from SequoiaDB and MySQL Cluster to OceanBase and Greenplum—highlighting shifting market dynamics, emerging Chinese solutions, and the continued relevance of relational databases amid NoSQL growth.
An in‑depth interview with 1hao Store’s senior tech director reveals the evolution of its e‑commerce architecture, hybrid‑cloud strategy, performance‑driven culture, and practical steps for achieving high availability, elasticity, and cost efficiency during massive traffic spikes.
