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390 articles · Page 3 of 4
21CTO
21CTO
Apr 18, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

GPT‑6, VAR Models, and the Latest AI Breakthroughs Shaping Tech

The article surveys recent AI and tech developments, from Sam Altman's claim that GPT‑6 will become a universal tool and Baidu's new intelligent computing OS, to Peking University and ByteDance's VAR model outperforming diffusion models, plus updates on Boston Dynamics' Atlas robot, Linux kernel Kconfig, AMD Ryzen Pro CPUs, and SQLite 3.45.3.

Artificial IntelligenceLinux kerneldatabase
0 likes · 11 min read
GPT‑6, VAR Models, and the Latest AI Breakthroughs Shaping Tech
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Apr 5, 2024 · Fundamentals

Why Zero‑Length Arrays Matter in Linux Kernel Development

This article explains what zero‑length arrays are, how they are defined in C, why they appear frequently in the Linux kernel as flexible array members, and provides a complete kernel‑style implementation showing creation, expansion, and cleanup of a dynamically sized integer array.

C++Dynamic memory allocationFlexible array member
0 likes · 10 min read
Why Zero‑Length Arrays Matter in Linux Kernel Development
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Mar 31, 2024 · Backend Development

Mastering Tomcat Performance: Key Tuning Parameters and Best Practices

This article explains how to optimize Tomcat by adjusting server.xml parameters such as maxThreads, acceptCount, maxConnections, and connectionTimeout, while also covering related Linux kernel settings, file descriptor limits, and JVM options to achieve balanced performance for both CPU‑bound and I/O‑bound workloads.

JVMLinux kernelTomcat
0 likes · 14 min read
Mastering Tomcat Performance: Key Tuning Parameters and Best Practices
Bin's Tech Cabin
Bin's Tech Cabin
Mar 28, 2024 · Backend Development

Why MappedByteBuffer Beats FileChannel (And When It Doesn’t) – Deep Linux Kernel Insights

This article examines the internal read/write mechanisms of Java's FileChannel and MappedByteBuffer on Linux kernel 5.4, compares their performance through detailed source analysis and benchmarks, and explains why MappedByteBuffer often outperforms FileChannel for small I/O but can be overtaken for larger transfers due to page‑fault and dirty‑page handling.

JavaLinux kernelMappedByteBuffer
0 likes · 28 min read
Why MappedByteBuffer Beats FileChannel (And When It Doesn’t) – Deep Linux Kernel Insights
Alibaba Cloud Big Data AI Platform
Alibaba Cloud Big Data AI Platform
Mar 18, 2024 · Operations

Build Pure‑C eBPF Projects with Native libbpf – No libbpf‑bootstrap Needed

This article walks through constructing pure‑C eBPF programs using the native libbpf library, covering kernel‑libbpf version mapping, environment setup for RPM and DEB systems, detailed Makefile analysis, embedding BPF objects via hexdump, and extending the approach to USDT and Uprobe tracing without relying on libbpf‑bootstrap.

C ProgrammingLinux kernelSystem Tracing
0 likes · 40 min read
Build Pure‑C eBPF Projects with Native libbpf – No libbpf‑bootstrap Needed
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Mar 1, 2024 · Mobile Development

GPU Frequency Scaling on Qualcomm Adreno Using the Linux devfreq Framework

Using Qualcomm’s Adreno GPU as a case study, the article explains how the Linux devfreq framework enables GPU frequency scaling by creating a kgsl devfreq device and an msm‑adreno‑tz governor, detailing their initialization, event handling, target‑frequency computation, and the kernel callbacks that apply the new rates.

AdrenoGPULinux kernel
0 likes · 5 min read
GPU Frequency Scaling on Qualcomm Adreno Using the Linux devfreq Framework
21CTO
21CTO
Feb 28, 2024 · Backend Development

What the 2023 Rust Survey Reveals About Global Adoption and Future Challenges

The 2023 Rust Survey shows modest growth in Rust usage worldwide, highlights China's 6% developer share, details tool preferences, uncovers concerns over complexity and performance, and outlines the community's top priorities for language improvements and ecosystem support.

Developer SurveyInteroperabilityLinux kernel
0 likes · 7 min read
What the 2023 Rust Survey Reveals About Global Adoption and Future Challenges
Java Tech Enthusiast
Java Tech Enthusiast
Feb 17, 2024 · Information Security

Linux Kernel SandBox Mode (SBM) Patch Enhances Memory Safety

Huawei engineer Petr Tesarik submitted a Linux kernel patch that adds SandBox Mode (SBM), an API confining kernel code to predefined memory regions, using hardware paging and CPU privilege levels to isolate components, detect out‑of‑bounds accesses, recover from violations, terminate the sandbox and return error codes such as -EFAULT, enabling continued execution.

Linux kernelhardware isolationmemory safety
0 likes · 2 min read
Linux Kernel SandBox Mode (SBM) Patch Enhances Memory Safety
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Feb 2, 2024 · Fundamentals

Linux Shared Memory (shmem) Deep Dive: Architecture, Implementation, and Practice

Linux’s shmem subsystem provides hybrid anonymous/file‑backed pages that enable diverse shared‑memory scenarios—parent‑child communication, IPC, tmpfs, Android ashmem, and memfd—by using APIs such as shmem_file_setup, handling page faults through cache and swap mechanisms, and employing a specialized reclamation process to manage memory efficiently.

Linux kernelVirtual Memorymemfd
0 likes · 10 min read
Linux Shared Memory (shmem) Deep Dive: Architecture, Implementation, and Practice
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Jan 5, 2024 · Fundamentals

Read‑Write Semaphore (rw_semaphore) and Per‑CPU rwsem in the Linux Kernel (ARM64)

The article explains Linux kernel read‑write semaphores, detailing the classic rw_semaphore’s optimistic‑spinning and hand‑off mechanisms, then introduces the per‑CPU rwsem for ARM64, which replaces global counters with per‑CPU data and an RCU fast‑path to cut cache‑coherency traffic at the cost of losing optimistic spinning.

Linux kernelarm64optimistic spinning
0 likes · 12 min read
Read‑Write Semaphore (rw_semaphore) and Per‑CPU rwsem in the Linux Kernel (ARM64)
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Dec 29, 2023 · Fundamentals

Overview of Linux Kernel Synchronization Mechanisms: Atomic Operations, Spinlocks, Semaphores, and Mutexes

The article systematically explains Linux kernel synchronization primitives—from basic atomic operations through queued spinlocks, counting semaphores, and sleeping mutexes to read‑write semaphores and per‑CPU variants—detailing their underlying data structures, memory‑barrier semantics, and the fast‑path and slow‑path acquisition and release APIs.

Linux kernelSemaphoreatomic-operations
0 likes · 13 min read
Overview of Linux Kernel Synchronization Mechanisms: Atomic Operations, Spinlocks, Semaphores, and Mutexes
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Nov 29, 2023 · Fundamentals

Inside Linux Cgroup CPU Subsystem: How Containers Get CPU Time Controlled

This article provides a detailed, code‑driven explanation of how Linux cgroup’s CPU subsystem manages container CPU usage, covering cgroup creation, limit configuration, kernel object relationships, scheduler integration, bandwidth enforcement, and the role of period and slack timers.

CPU schedulingLinux kernelcfs_bandwidth
0 likes · 27 min read
Inside Linux Cgroup CPU Subsystem: How Containers Get CPU Time Controlled
21CTO
21CTO
Nov 22, 2023 · Frontend Development

New UI Releases: Slint 1.3, Flutter 3.16, Rust 1.74, Notion AI, Linux Kernel

The article summarizes recent releases across UI toolkits and core platforms, covering Slint 1.3's Android support, Flutter 3.16's Impeller preview, Rust 1.74's Cargo enhancements, Notion's AI‑driven Q&A feature, and multiple Linux kernel updates addressing security and bug fixes.

FlutterLinux kernelNotion AI
0 likes · 6 min read
New UI Releases: Slint 1.3, Flutter 3.16, Rust 1.74, Notion AI, Linux Kernel
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Nov 10, 2023 · Fundamentals

Insights from the 18th China Linux Kernel Developers Conference (CLK 2023) on Enhancing China’s Open‑Source Influence

At the 18th China Linux Kernel Developers Conference in Shenzhen, nearly 500 engineers and senior experts from Tencent, Huawei, Loongson, Intel and Ant Group showcased major open‑source contributions and discussed strategies—such as corporate‑academic alliances, documentation translation and mentorship—to boost China’s code quality, trust and global influence in the Linux ecosystem.

ChinaLinux kernelcollaboration
0 likes · 18 min read
Insights from the 18th China Linux Kernel Developers Conference (CLK 2023) on Enhancing China’s Open‑Source Influence
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Nov 10, 2023 · Operations

Memory Compaction in the Linux Kernel: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Implementation Details

Linux’s memory compaction mitigates external fragmentation by moving movable pages, employing four strategies—direct, passive (kcompactd), proactive, and active—each invoking the compact_zone core with configurable compact_control parameters, migrate‑page and free‑page scanners, and distinct trigger and exit conditions.

Linux kernelMemory CompactionPage Migration
0 likes · 45 min read
Memory Compaction in the Linux Kernel: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Implementation Details
Deepin Linux
Deepin Linux
Nov 9, 2023 · Fundamentals

Understanding Linux Memory Mapping (mmap): API, Implementation, and Use Cases

This article explains Linux memory mapping (mmap), covering its purpose, API parameters, different mapping types, internal kernel implementation, page‑fault handling, copy‑on‑write semantics, practical use cases, and includes a complete Objective‑C example demonstrating file mapping and manipulation.

Copy-on-WriteLinux kernelPage Fault
0 likes · 27 min read
Understanding Linux Memory Mapping (mmap): API, Implementation, and Use Cases
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Nov 2, 2023 · Industry Insights

OPPO’s Kernel Tweaks: Dynamic HugePages and Scheduler Boosts for Smoother ColorOS

At the 18th China Linux Kernel Developer Conference, OPPO unveiled memory and scheduler optimizations—including a dynamic 64 KB huge‑page scheme, LRU reclamation improvements, and a latency‑aware scheduler balance—that collectively raise memory access performance by over 10 %, reduce lock contention, and lower frame‑drop and audio‑stutter rates, demonstrating the impact of programmable kernel technologies on Android smoothness.

Linux kernelMemory OptimizationMobile OS
0 likes · 7 min read
OPPO’s Kernel Tweaks: Dynamic HugePages and Scheduler Boosts for Smoother ColorOS
Network Intelligence Research Center (NIRC)
Network Intelligence Research Center (NIRC)
Oct 11, 2023 · Cloud Native

How XDP Is Redefining Network Performance Beyond Traditional Stacks

This article examines XDP (eXpress Data Path), a Linux kernel eBPF‑based technology that pushes packet processing to the earliest point in the network interface, delivering ultra‑low latency, enhanced security, and flexible custom processing for high‑performance routing, DDoS mitigation, and cloud environments.

Linux kernelXDPcloud-native
0 likes · 5 min read
How XDP Is Redefining Network Performance Beyond Traditional Stacks
OPPO Amber Lab
OPPO Amber Lab
Sep 26, 2023 · Fundamentals

Join the 18th China Linux Kernel Conference: Call for Papers & Event Details

The 18th China Linux Kernel Developers Conference (CLK) will take place on October 28, 2023 in Shenzhen, featuring a call for papers on topics such as hardware architectures, scheduling, memory management, storage, networking, virtualization, performance, testing, and more, with submission deadlines from September 22 to October 10.

Linux kernelSubmissioncall for papers
0 likes · 4 min read
Join the 18th China Linux Kernel Conference: Call for Papers & Event Details
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Aug 14, 2023 · Backend Development

Mastering GNU C Extensions: typeof, Zero‑Length Arrays, and More in the Linux Kernel

This article explains key GNU C extensions used in the Linux kernel—including typeof, zero‑length (flexible) arrays, case ranges, labeled initializers, variadic macros, function and variable attributes, built‑in functions, asmlinkage, and UL suffixes—showing why they exist, how to use them safely, and providing concrete code examples.

GNU CLinux kernelTypeOf
0 likes · 13 min read
Mastering GNU C Extensions: typeof, Zero‑Length Arrays, and More in the Linux Kernel
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Aug 11, 2023 · Operations

How eBPF Transformed Linux: From BPF Roots to Modern Observability

This article traces the evolution of eBPF from its BPF predecessor, explains its kernel requirements, security model, probe mechanisms, performance impact, tracing capabilities, and potential event‑loss risks, and looks ahead to its expanding role in networking and system observability.

Linux kernelPerformanceeBPF
0 likes · 11 min read
How eBPF Transformed Linux: From BPF Roots to Modern Observability
Tencent Architect
Tencent Architect
Jul 20, 2023 · Fundamentals

Explore, Build, and Contribute: A Beginner’s Guide to the Linux Kernel

This comprehensive guide walks beginners through the Linux kernel’s architecture, source acquisition, configuration, compilation, installation, key subsystems, essential programming knowledge, and how to join the kernel community, providing practical code examples and curated learning resources.

Linux kernelkernel developmentoperating system fundamentals
0 likes · 11 min read
Explore, Build, and Contribute: A Beginner’s Guide to the Linux Kernel
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Jul 12, 2023 · Fundamentals

Mastering Linux Kernel Basics: A Practical Guide to Core Concepts

This article explains what the Linux kernel is, explores its different architectures—including microkernel, monolithic, and hybrid designs—covers kernel file locations, module handling, and offers a comprehensive learning roadmap with recommended books and hands‑on advice for anyone wanting to understand operating system fundamentals.

Kernel ModulesLinux kernelOS fundamentals
0 likes · 26 min read
Mastering Linux Kernel Basics: A Practical Guide to Core Concepts
AI Cyberspace
AI Cyberspace
Jul 8, 2023 · Fundamentals

Understanding Virtio: The Key to Efficient I/O Virtualization in Linux

This article explains the virtio framework for para‑virtualized hypervisors, comparing full and para‑virtualization, detailing the architecture, buffer model, core API, driver examples, and future directions, providing a comprehensive overview of Linux I/O virtualization.

I/O virtualizationLinux kerneldevice-drivers
0 likes · 13 min read
Understanding Virtio: The Key to Efficient I/O Virtualization in Linux
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jul 3, 2023 · Fundamentals

What Exactly Is a Socket? From Plug Analogy to Kernel Implementation

This article explains the concept of sockets using a plug analogy, details their usage in TCP/UDP communication, explores the kernel's sock structures and inheritance tricks, and describes how sockets expose network functionality to user‑space programs through file descriptors and queues.

Linux kernelSocketUDP
0 likes · 17 min read
What Exactly Is a Socket? From Plug Analogy to Kernel Implementation
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Jun 30, 2023 · Fundamentals

Understanding Linux Kernel Folio: From Page to Folio and Its Design Rationale

Linux kernel introduced the struct folio abstraction to replace ad‑hoc compound‑page tricks, giving a clear collection‑oriented representation for power‑of‑two page groups such as THP and HugeTLB, and providing dedicated APIs that eliminate naming confusion, unify reference handling, and make memory‑management code safer and easier to understand.

Linux kernelcompound pagefolio
0 likes · 15 min read
Understanding Linux Kernel Folio: From Page to Folio and Its Design Rationale
21CTO
21CTO
Jun 27, 2023 · Fundamentals

Why Big Tech Is Rewriting Kernels in Rust: Memory Safety Meets Performance

The article explores how Rust's memory‑safety and efficiency are driving major companies like Microsoft, Google, and Amazon to rewrite operating‑system components and cloud services, while also tracing Rust’s quirky origins, rapid rise in popularity, and the challenges it still faces.

AndroidLinux kernelRust
0 likes · 10 min read
Why Big Tech Is Rewriting Kernels in Rust: Memory Safety Meets Performance
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jun 22, 2023 · Backend Development

Mastering GNU C Extensions: typeof, Flexible Arrays, Case Ranges and More in the Linux Kernel

This article explains essential GNU C extensions used in the Linux kernel—including typeof, zero‑length (flexible) arrays, case range labels, designated initializers, variadic macros, function and variable attributes, built‑in functions, asmlinkage, and UL suffixes—showing why they matter and how to apply them safely.

C extensionsGNU CLinux kernel
0 likes · 13 min read
Mastering GNU C Extensions: typeof, Flexible Arrays, Case Ranges and More in the Linux Kernel
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Jun 9, 2023 · Information Security

Linux Disk Encryption Technology: FDE, FBE and eCryptfs Implementation Analysis

This article reviews Linux disk‑encryption technologies, explaining data‑at‑rest security concepts, comparing full‑disk encryption (hardware and dm‑crypt/LUKS) with filesystem‑based encryption (stacked eCryptfs and native fscrypt), and providing an in‑depth analysis of eCryptfs architecture, key management, and implementation details.

FBEFDELinux kernel
0 likes · 20 min read
Linux Disk Encryption Technology: FDE, FBE and eCryptfs Implementation Analysis
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
May 31, 2023 · Cloud Computing

TencentOS "Wujing": Server Memory Multi-Level Offloading Solution for Cloud Data Centers

TencentOS “Wujing” provides a server‑memory multi‑level offloading framework that uses kernel‑side reclamation, heat‑aware page classification, SWAP balancing, and CXL promotion to shift cold pages to cheaper storage, cutting data‑center memory use by up to 50 % while preserving performance.

Cloud InfrastructureDAMONLinux kernel
0 likes · 14 min read
TencentOS "Wujing": Server Memory Multi-Level Offloading Solution for Cloud Data Centers
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
May 26, 2023 · Fundamentals

Understanding Linux rwsem Read‑Write Semaphore in Kernel 5.15.81

Linux introduced the read‑write semaphore (rwsem) as a sleep lock that lets multiple readers hold the lock concurrently, improving read‑heavy workload performance, and the article details its internal state representation, acquisition paths for reads and writes, optimistic spinning, handoff mechanisms, and trade‑offs, noting that mobile kernels may need further tuning.

ConcurrencyLinux kerneloptimistic spin
0 likes · 22 min read
Understanding Linux rwsem Read‑Write Semaphore in Kernel 5.15.81
Tencent Architect
Tencent Architect
May 16, 2023 · Fundamentals

Optimizing Network Latency in TencentOS: Kernel SoftIRQ and ksoftirqd Tuning

This article details a systematic investigation and multi‑stage optimization of TencentOS network latency, uncovering kernel soft‑interrupt bottlenecks, proposing and upstreaming patches to net_rx_action, RPS handling, and ksoftirqd scheduling, ultimately reducing handshake failures by over 80% while sharing practical insights for Linux kernel developers.

Linux kernelOptimizationTencentOS
0 likes · 15 min read
Optimizing Network Latency in TencentOS: Kernel SoftIRQ and ksoftirqd Tuning
Coolpad Technology Team
Coolpad Technology Team
Apr 27, 2023 · Cloud Computing

EROFS Cluster Mode Analysis in Linux Kernel 6.x

This article analyzes the EROFS cluster modes (INFLIGHT, HOOKED, FOLLOWED, FOLLOWED_NOINPLACE) in Linux kernel 6.x, explaining how they determine whether in-place I/O can be used based on the current status of pclusters in the chain.

Cloud ComputingCluster ModesEROFS
0 likes · 6 min read
EROFS Cluster Mode Analysis in Linux Kernel 6.x
Bin's Tech Cabin
Bin's Tech Cabin
Apr 11, 2023 · Fundamentals

How Linux Kernel Builds Slab Caches: A Deep Dive into kmem_cache Creation

This article walks through the Linux kernel's slab allocator, explaining how kmem_cache and kmem_cache_node structures are created, how slab objects are laid out in memory, how the required number of pages is calculated, and how the allocator is bootstrapped to avoid circular dependencies.

Linux kernelkernel developmentkmem_cache
0 likes · 64 min read
How Linux Kernel Builds Slab Caches: A Deep Dive into kmem_cache Creation
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Mar 18, 2023 · Fundamentals

Mastering GNU C Extensions: typeof, Zero‑Length Arrays, Case Ranges and More in the Linux Kernel

This article explains key GNU C extensions used throughout the Linux kernel—including typeof, zero‑length (flexible) arrays, case range labels, designated initializers, variadic macros, function and variable attributes, built‑in functions, asmlinkage and UL suffixes—showing why they exist and how to apply them safely with concrete code examples.

GNU CLinux kernelTypeOf
0 likes · 13 min read
Mastering GNU C Extensions: typeof, Zero‑Length Arrays, Case Ranges and More in the Linux Kernel
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Mar 17, 2023 · Operations

Understanding Synchronization Mechanisms and RCU in the Linux Kernel

Linux kernel synchronization requires protecting shared mutable state from concurrent access using primitives such as spinlocks, mutexes, read‑write locks, or lock‑less techniques like RCU, which copies data and waits for a grace period, each offering distinct performance, latency, and complexity trade‑offs.

ConcurrencyLinux kernelRCU
0 likes · 26 min read
Understanding Synchronization Mechanisms and RCU in the Linux Kernel
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Feb 1, 2023 · Fundamentals

Understanding Linux Kernel Types: Micro, Monolithic, and Hybrid Explained

This article introduces the Linux kernel, explains its role and different architectures—including microkernel, monolithic, and hybrid designs—covers their advantages and disadvantages, describes kernel file locations, modules, and offers practical learning tips and reference resources for system programmers.

Hybrid KernelKernel ModulesLinux kernel
0 likes · 25 min read
Understanding Linux Kernel Types: Micro, Monolithic, and Hybrid Explained
ByteDance SYS Tech
ByteDance SYS Tech
Jan 13, 2023 · Fundamentals

How HVO Cuts HugeTLB Memory Overhead by Up to 99% in Linux Kernels

This article, based on ByteDance STE’s 2022 Linux Kernel Developer Conference talk, explains the HVO (HugeTLB vmemmap Optimization) feature that dramatically reduces struct page memory for huge pages, details its latest enhancements, cross‑architecture support, usage steps, performance trade‑offs, and future plans.

HVOHugeTLBLinux kernel
0 likes · 13 min read
How HVO Cuts HugeTLB Memory Overhead by Up to 99% in Linux Kernels
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Jan 12, 2023 · Fundamentals

Why Intel’s Linear Address Masking (LAM) Was Rejected from Linux 6.2

Intel’s Linear Address Masking (LAM) feature, which repurposes unused bits of 64‑bit virtual addresses for metadata, was proposed for Linux 6.2 but faced strong criticism from Linus Torvalds and was ultimately not merged, prompting Intel to rewrite the code for a future kernel release.

Intel LAMLinux kerneladdress masking
0 likes · 5 min read
Why Intel’s Linear Address Masking (LAM) Was Rejected from Linux 6.2
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Jan 6, 2023 · Fundamentals

CFS Group Scheduling: Purpose, Configuration, and Kernel Implementation Details

The article explains why Linux’s Completely Fair Scheduler introduced group scheduling, how Android configures task groups via cpu.shares and Process.java, and details the kernel structures (task_group, sched_entity, cfs_rq) and algorithms for weight calculation, load measurement, propagation, and hierarchical load balancing.

CFS schedulingLinux kernelTask Groups
0 likes · 28 min read
CFS Group Scheduling: Purpose, Configuration, and Kernel Implementation Details
Bilibili Tech
Bilibili Tech
Dec 27, 2022 · Operations

Optimizing QUIC Gateway Performance with AF_XDP

Bilibili’s video CDN replaced its traditional TCP‑based gateway with a QUIC/HTTP‑3 gateway and, to curb the extra CPU load caused by complex UDP handling, adopted AF_XDP kernel‑bypass sockets that redirect packets via XDP, cutting CPU usage by about half, raising peak bandwidth to roughly 9 Gbps and improving per‑bandwidth efficiency by up to 30 %.

AF_XDPLinux kernelQUIC
0 likes · 14 min read
Optimizing QUIC Gateway Performance with AF_XDP
Top Architect
Top Architect
Dec 26, 2022 · Operations

An Introduction to eBPF: Concepts, Use Cases, and Practical Examples

This article provides a comprehensive overview of eBPF, explaining its origins, core concepts, comparison with SystemTap and DTrace, common use cases such as network monitoring, security filtering, and performance analysis, and includes step‑by‑step Python examples with BCC for tracing and latency measurement.

BCCLinux kerneleBPF
0 likes · 21 min read
An Introduction to eBPF: Concepts, Use Cases, and Practical Examples
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Dec 4, 2022 · Backend Development

Linux Kernel Rejects Xiaomi Engineer’s UFS File‑Based Optimization Patch

A Xiaomi engineer submitted a set of Linux kernel patches to implement JEDEC’s UFS File‑Based Optimization (UFS FBO) for better storage performance, but kernel maintainer Christoph Hellwig harshly criticized the proposal as completely misguided and unrelated to the kernel, making acceptance unlikely.

File-Based OptimizationLinux kernelPatch rejection
0 likes · 3 min read
Linux Kernel Rejects Xiaomi Engineer’s UFS File‑Based Optimization Patch
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Nov 22, 2022 · Operations

Why Kubernetes Pods Fail with “Resource temporarily unavailable” – Understanding PID Limits

This article analyzes a Kubernetes‑Docker environment where Java pods encounter “fork: Resource temporarily unavailable” errors, tracing the issue through kernel event logs, ulimit settings, PID limits, and related sysctl parameters, and provides detailed recommendations for kernel and user‑level configuration to prevent such failures.

DockerKubernetesLinux kernel
0 likes · 23 min read
Why Kubernetes Pods Fail with “Resource temporarily unavailable” – Understanding PID Limits
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Nov 18, 2022 · Information Security

Evolution of Linux Kernel Security Technologies from 2010 to 2022

From 2010 to 2022 the Linux kernel moved from reactive, out‑of‑tree hardening to a proactive KSPP‑driven era, integrating probabilistic and deterministic mitigations, hardware‑backed defenses, and compiler‑level checks, while Android’s adoption and emerging Rust‑based components accelerated mainstream security hardening.

AndroidGrsecurity/PaXHIDS
0 likes · 18 min read
Evolution of Linux Kernel Security Technologies from 2010 to 2022
ByteDance SYS Tech
ByteDance SYS Tech
Nov 15, 2022 · Cloud Native

How ByteDance’s STE Team Tackles Linux Kernel Memory Waste and Drives Cloud‑Native Innovation

This interview reveals how ByteDance’s STE team, a youthful group of Linux kernel engineers, identified and solved memory‑management redundancy, contributed the HVO and VDUSE projects to the open‑source community, and leveraged these advances to boost cloud‑native performance and reliability across the company.

Linux kernelcloud-nativeopen source
0 likes · 15 min read
How ByteDance’s STE Team Tackles Linux Kernel Memory Waste and Drives Cloud‑Native Innovation
Refining Core Development Skills
Refining Core Development Skills
Nov 13, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding JDK NIO File I/O and Linux Kernel Mechanisms: Buffered vs Direct IO, Page Cache, and Dirty Page Management

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of how JDK NIO performs file read and write operations by examining the underlying Linux kernel mechanisms, including the differences between Buffered and Direct IO, the structure and management of the page cache, file readahead algorithms, and the kernel parameters governing dirty page writeback.

Buffered IOJDK NIOLinux kernel
0 likes · 78 min read
Understanding JDK NIO File I/O and Linux Kernel Mechanisms: Buffered vs Direct IO, Page Cache, and Dirty Page Management
IT Services Circle
IT Services Circle
Nov 5, 2022 · Fundamentals

UFS File-Based Optimization (FBO) Standard and Its Controversial Linux Kernel Patch

JEDEC’s new UFS File‑Based Optimization (FBO) 1.0 standard defines an interface for host‑device communication to defragment file‑related LBA ranges, but a Xiaomi engineer’s Linux kernel patch implementing it was sharply criticized by kernel veteran Christoph Hellwig as impractical and unrelated to the kernel.

File-Based OptimizationJEDECLinux kernel
0 likes · 4 min read
UFS File-Based Optimization (FBO) Standard and Its Controversial Linux Kernel Patch
21CTO
21CTO
Nov 4, 2022 · Fundamentals

Can File‑Based Optimization Save UFS Performance? Inside the Linux Kernel Debate

JEDEC’s new UFS File‑Based Optimization (FBO) 1.0 standard aims to improve flash storage performance by defragmenting LBA ranges tied to specific files, but a Xiaomi engineer’s patch proposal to implement it in Linux was sharply rejected by kernel veteran Christoph Hellwig, who called the idea fundamentally flawed.

File-Based OptimizationLinux kernelStorage
0 likes · 4 min read
Can File‑Based Optimization Save UFS Performance? Inside the Linux Kernel Debate
ByteDance SYS Tech
ByteDance SYS Tech
Nov 1, 2022 · Operations

How eBPF Can Cut Container Network Latency by Up to 82%

Using eBPF to bypass traditional bridge, netfilter, and routing steps, this article demonstrates how container network packet forwarding can be accelerated, reducing receive and transmit latency by around 40‑82%, with detailed perf‑ftrace analysis, code examples, and performance comparisons of three forwarding modes.

Linux kernelcontainer-networkingeBPF
0 likes · 14 min read
How eBPF Can Cut Container Network Latency by Up to 82%
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Oct 21, 2022 · Information Security

DirtyPipe (CVE‑2022‑0847) Vulnerability Analysis and Exploitation on Android/Linux

DirtyPipe (CVE‑2022‑0847) is a high‑severity Linux kernel flaw that lets attackers arbitrarily overwrite any readable file via an uninitialized pipe‑buffer flag, enabling privilege escalation on Android and other systems by patching shared libraries, bypassing SELinux, loading malicious modules, and ultimately gaining root, highlighting urgent need for patches and integrity protections.

CVE-2022-0847DirtyPipeLinux kernel
0 likes · 17 min read
DirtyPipe (CVE‑2022‑0847) Vulnerability Analysis and Exploitation on Android/Linux
Su San Talks Tech
Su San Talks Tech
Sep 9, 2022 · Fundamentals

How Linux Kernel Handles JDK NIO File I/O: From Page Cache to Direct IO

This article deeply explores the Linux kernel's handling of JDK NIO file reads and writes, detailing the role of page cache, radix trees, buffered versus direct I/O, prefetch algorithms, dirty‑page write‑back mechanisms, and the key sysctl parameters that control performance and data safety.

I/O performanceJavaLinux kernel
0 likes · 80 min read
How Linux Kernel Handles JDK NIO File I/O: From Page Cache to Direct IO
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Aug 12, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding Linux rwsem: Mechanisms, Data Structures, and Optimistic Spinning

Linux rwsem is a read‑write semaphore that lets multiple readers or a single writer hold the lock, using a count field, owner pointer, optimistic‑spin queue (osq), and protected wait list; it provides fast, medium, and slow acquisition paths with handoff and optimistic spinning to reduce sleep latency compared to mutexes and spinlocks.

ConcurrencyLinux kerneloptimistic spinning
0 likes · 16 min read
Understanding Linux rwsem: Mechanisms, Data Structures, and Optimistic Spinning
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Jul 30, 2022 · Fundamentals

How Linux Kernel Version Numbers Are Structured and What They Mean

This article explains how Linux kernel version numbers have evolved—from Linus Torvalds’s early simple increment scheme to the modern three‑component “major.minor.revision” format—detailing the meaning of each segment, the role of patch and release‑candidate identifiers, and how to identify kernel versions using uname.

Linux kernelkernel developmentoperating system
0 likes · 8 min read
How Linux Kernel Version Numbers Are Structured and What They Mean
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jul 19, 2022 · Information Security

Inside Netfilter and iptables: How Linux Filters Packets with Hooks and Tables

Netfilter, the Linux kernel’s packet‑processing framework, uses a series of hook points and the NF_HOOK macro to let user‑space tools like iptables register callback functions that inspect, modify, or drop packets, with detailed structures for tables, chains, rules, priorities, and connection tracking.

Linux kernelconnection trackingiptables
0 likes · 21 min read
Inside Netfilter and iptables: How Linux Filters Packets with Hooks and Tables
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jul 14, 2022 · Operations

Migrate CentOS 8 to Oracle Linux Using the Official centos2ol.sh Script

This guide walks you through checking your current CentOS 8 environment, downloading the Oracle‑provided centos2ol.sh script, executing it to replace packages and switch kernels, and verifying the successful migration to Oracle Linux Server with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel.

CentOSLinux kernelOS Migration
0 likes · 5 min read
Migrate CentOS 8 to Oracle Linux Using the Official centos2ol.sh Script
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Jul 1, 2022 · Operations

Linux Kernel Performance Profiling: A Comprehensive Guide to On-CPU and Off-CPU Analysis

This comprehensive guide explains Linux kernel performance profiling—both on‑CPU and off‑CPU—by stressing the need to target the critical 3 % of code, covering throughput, latency and power metrics, scalability laws, flame‑graph visualizations, perf and eBPF tools, lock‑contention analysis, and further reading recommendations.

Linux kernelThroughputeBPF
0 likes · 27 min read
Linux Kernel Performance Profiling: A Comprehensive Guide to On-CPU and Off-CPU Analysis
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Jun 27, 2022 · Operations

Mastering pwru: Deep Dive into Cilium’s eBPF Packet Tracing Tool

This article introduces pwru, Cilium’s eBPF‑based network packet tracing utility, covering installation prerequisites, command‑line options, real‑world debugging scenarios, and the underlying implementation that leverages kprobes, eBPF maps, and perf events to filter and display packet data.

Linux kernelciliumeBPF
0 likes · 9 min read
Mastering pwru: Deep Dive into Cilium’s eBPF Packet Tracing Tool
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jun 17, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding the Linux Kernel: Concepts, Types, Files, Modules, and Learning Strategies

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Linux kernel, explaining its purpose, different kernel architectures (microkernel, monolithic, hybrid), file locations, loadable modules, and offers practical learning advice and resource recommendations for anyone seeking to grasp operating‑system fundamentals.

Kernel TypesLearning ResourcesLinux kernel
0 likes · 24 min read
Understanding the Linux Kernel: Concepts, Types, Files, Modules, and Learning Strategies
OPPO Amber Lab
OPPO Amber Lab
Jun 2, 2022 · Information Security

DirtyPipe (CVE‑2022‑0847) Exploit: Gaining Root on Android

Researchers dissect the DirtyPipe (CVE‑2022‑0847) Linux kernel flaw affecting Android, explaining its uninitialized flag bug in splice, the patch changes, and detailed exploitation techniques that modify read‑only .so files to achieve arbitrary writes, bypass SELinux, and ultimately obtain root privileges.

AndroidCVE-2022-0847DirtyPipe
0 likes · 18 min read
DirtyPipe (CVE‑2022‑0847) Exploit: Gaining Root on Android
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Apr 29, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding RTG (Related Thread Group) in the Linux Kernel: Core Selection, Frequency Aggregation, and Busy Hysteresis

The article explains Linux’s Related Thread Group (RTG) mechanism—its struct definition, default Android grouping, core‑selection logic that boosts whole groups to big‑core clusters, load‑aggregation for DCVS frequency decisions, and the newer busy‑hysteresis feature that delays low‑power entry to improve performance and power efficiency.

CPU schedulingDCVSLinux kernel
0 likes · 15 min read
Understanding RTG (Related Thread Group) in the Linux Kernel: Core Selection, Frequency Aggregation, and Busy Hysteresis
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Apr 22, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding Linux Kernel Mutex: Mechanism, Data Structures, and APIs

The Linux kernel’s mutex is a sleeping lock that serializes access by sleeping threads, enforces strict ownership rules, uses a state flag with a wait list and per‑CPU optimistic spin queue, offers APIs like mutex_init, lock, unlock and trylock, and employs handoff and MCS‑style spinning to improve performance, with OPPO’s team optimizing it to reduce UI jank.

ConcurrencyLinux kernelmutex
0 likes · 16 min read
Understanding Linux Kernel Mutex: Mechanism, Data Structures, and APIs
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Mar 18, 2022 · Operations

In‑Depth Analysis of the Linux Schedutil Governor (sugov)

The article delivers a comprehensive, code‑level examination of Linux’s schedutil (sugov) CPU‑frequency governor, detailing its architecture, key data structures, registration with the cpufreq core, utilization‑driven frequency calculation (including iowait boost and limit handling), and the start‑stop lifecycle, while noting its default status and remaining mobile‑platform challenges.

CPU frequency scalingLinux kernelPerformance Optimization
0 likes · 23 min read
In‑Depth Analysis of the Linux Schedutil Governor (sugov)
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Mar 11, 2022 · Operations

Bus DCVS: Dynamic Clock and Voltage Scaling for DDR Bandwidth Management in Modern SoCs

BUS DCVS dynamically scales DDR bus frequency and voltage using bandwidth‑monitor (bw_hwmon) and memory‑latency (memlat) governors within the Linux devfreq framework, aggregating votes from CPU, GPU, and other masters to balance performance and power across varied workloads such as audio playback and high‑definition video streaming.

Bus DCVSDDR bandwidthDynamic Voltage Scaling
0 likes · 11 min read
Bus DCVS: Dynamic Clock and Voltage Scaling for DDR Bandwidth Management in Modern SoCs
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Mar 8, 2022 · Backend Development

Why the Linux Kernel Is Moving to C11 and What It Means

Arnd Bergmann's new patch lets the Linux kernel default to the GNU11 dialect, enabling modern C99/C11 features, with Linus Torvalds' backing, and the change is set to be tested in the upcoming v5.18 release.

C language standardsC11GNU11
0 likes · 5 min read
Why the Linux Kernel Is Moving to C11 and What It Means
21CTO
21CTO
Feb 27, 2022 · Fundamentals

Why the Linux Kernel Is Switching to Modern C (C11) in Version 5.18

The Linux kernel community is debating moving from the outdated C89 standard to a modern C standard—likely C11—for the upcoming 5.18 release, driven by bug fixes, macro safety concerns, and support from key developers.

C standardsC11Linux kernel
0 likes · 5 min read
Why the Linux Kernel Is Switching to Modern C (C11) in Version 5.18
ITPUB
ITPUB
Feb 17, 2022 · Fundamentals

Mastering Linux Process Scheduling: From FCFS to CFS Explained

This comprehensive guide walks through the fundamentals of process scheduling in operating systems, covering scheduling concepts, OS classifications, process types, priority mechanisms, preemptive vs cooperative models, design goals, classic algorithms such as FCFS, SJF, RR, MLFQ, and the evolution of Linux schedulers from O(n) and O(1) to the modern CFS, complete with code excerpts and practical examples.

CFSFCFSLinux kernel
0 likes · 31 min read
Mastering Linux Process Scheduling: From FCFS to CFS Explained
NiuNiu MaTe
NiuNiu MaTe
Jan 2, 2022 · Fundamentals

Why Receiving a TCP RST Doesn’t Always Close the Connection

This article explains the purpose of the TCP RST flag, how the kernel and application layers detect it, the various scenarios that trigger RST, why an RST may not terminate a connection, and the security implications of RST attacks.

Linux kernelRSTTCP
0 likes · 15 min read
Why Receiving a TCP RST Doesn’t Always Close the Connection
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Dec 17, 2021 · Fundamentals

In‑Depth Analysis of Linux CFS Task Placement and Energy Model (Part 2)

The article delves into Linux 5.10.61’s CFS task placement code, explaining the Energy‑Model framework, key data structures, and energy calculations, then walks through select_task_rq_fair’s wake‑up, fork, and exec paths, detailing EAS CPU selection, wake‑affine logic, fast and slow CPU‑selection algorithms, and how they balance performance with power on heterogeneous mobile platforms.

EASLinux kernelperformance domain
0 likes · 26 min read
In‑Depth Analysis of Linux CFS Task Placement and Energy Model (Part 2)
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Dec 12, 2021 · Cloud Native

Unlocking eBPF: From Packet Filtering to Cloud‑Native Observability

This article explores the evolution of BPF from its origins as a packet‑filtering mechanism to the modern eBPF engine, detailing its architecture, security and performance benefits, core features such as hooks, maps and helper functions, and real‑world cloud‑native use cases like Cilium, Falco and kubectl‑trace.

Linux kernelPerformancecloud-native
0 likes · 26 min read
Unlocking eBPF: From Packet Filtering to Cloud‑Native Observability
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Nov 21, 2021 · Fundamentals

Why Interrupts Matter: Unraveling CPU Interrupt Mechanisms and the IDT

This article explains how CPUs receive interrupt numbers through hardware, exceptions, or the INT instruction, describes the structure and purpose of the Interrupt Descriptor Table, and details the stack operations and control‑flow steps the processor performs to handle and return from an interrupt.

CPUIDTLinux kernel
0 likes · 17 min read
Why Interrupts Matter: Unraveling CPU Interrupt Mechanisms and the IDT
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Nov 19, 2021 · Information Security

eCryptfs: Architecture, Usage, and Encryption Process

eCryptfs is a Linux kernel‑integrated stacked filesystem that encrypts both file names and contents using per‑file symmetric keys protected by passphrase‑or public‑key‑encrypted key wrappers, managed by a user‑space daemon and kernel keyring, with Ubuntu installation via ecryptfs‑utils, mount commands, and a read/write flow that incurs performance overhead and cache‑based security risks.

Linux kerneleCryptfsencrypted filesystem
0 likes · 6 min read
eCryptfs: Architecture, Usage, and Encryption Process
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Oct 8, 2021 · Backend Development

What Really Happens Inside the Linux Kernel During a TCP Three‑Way Handshake?

This article dives deep into the Linux kernel implementation of the TCP three‑way handshake, explaining the roles of listen, connect, SYN/ACK processing, queue management, timers, and accept, while providing concrete code snippets and diagrams to help backend engineers master the underlying mechanics.

Linux kernelSocketsbackend development
0 likes · 18 min read
What Really Happens Inside the Linux Kernel During a TCP Three‑Way Handshake?
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Sep 15, 2021 · Backend Development

How Rust Is Shaping the Future of Linux Kernel Development

At the recent Linaro Connect virtual conference, Linux kernel maintainer Miguel Ojeda, a Google employee, detailed the ongoing Rust for Linux project, noting existing RFC patches for Rust infrastructure and a basic virtual driver, the progress of three compiler back‑ends, and the roadmap toward integrating Rust into the kernel.

Linux kernelRustkernel development
0 likes · 3 min read
How Rust Is Shaping the Future of Linux Kernel Development
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Sep 11, 2021 · Fundamentals

Why Linus Torvalds Rejects GitHub Merge Messages for Linux Kernel Contributions

Linus Torvalds criticizes the use of GitHub’s merge interface for Linux kernel contributions, arguing that its commit messages lack essential details such as what is being merged, why, and proper author attribution, and he emphasizes the need for signed, well‑documented PRs despite his past reluctance to use GitHub.

GitHubLinux kernelcommit guidelines
0 likes · 4 min read
Why Linus Torvalds Rejects GitHub Merge Messages for Linux Kernel Contributions
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Sep 10, 2021 · Information Security

Understanding dm-verity: Design Principles, Application Layer, and Kernel Implementation

dm‑verity is a Linux device‑mapper target that protects a data partition’s integrity by using a compile‑time hash‑tree stored on a separate hash device, with Android employing it for verified boot; user‑space creates the dm device, loads the verity table, activates it, while the kernel’s dev_create, table_load, and suspend handlers set up mapped_device structures and enforce per‑block hash verification during I/O.

AndroidLinux kerneldevice mapper
0 likes · 15 min read
Understanding dm-verity: Design Principles, Application Layer, and Kernel Implementation
21CTO
21CTO
Sep 8, 2021 · Fundamentals

Linus Torvalds Slams GitHub Merge Messages – What Developers Should Learn

Linus Torvalds lambasts GitHub’s merge interface as generating useless commit messages while still merging Paragon’s NTFS driver, and Lenovo announces a new end‑to‑end PaaS service that bundles hardware, software and support into a subscription model.

GitHubLinux kernelNTFS driver
0 likes · 5 min read
Linus Torvalds Slams GitHub Merge Messages – What Developers Should Learn
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Aug 10, 2021 · Fundamentals

Why eBPF is Revolutionizing High‑Performance Networking for Enterprises

This article explains how eBPF evolved from classic packet filtering to a powerful, programmable kernel virtual machine that enables high‑performance networking, hardware offload, and flexible security, making it increasingly vital for operators, system administrators, and enterprise solution providers.

Linux kernelSmartNICXDP
0 likes · 11 min read
Why eBPF is Revolutionizing High‑Performance Networking for Enterprises