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Linux kernel

348 articles · Page 3 of 4
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Mar 18, 2023 · Fundamentals

Mastering GNU C Extensions: typeof, Zero‑Length Arrays, Case Ranges and More in the Linux Kernel

This article explains key GNU C extensions used throughout the Linux kernel—including typeof, zero‑length (flexible) arrays, case range labels, designated initializers, variadic macros, function and variable attributes, built‑in functions, asmlinkage and UL suffixes—showing why they exist and how to apply them safely with concrete code examples.

GNU CLinux kernelTypeOf
0 likes · 13 min read
Mastering GNU C Extensions: typeof, Zero‑Length Arrays, Case Ranges and More in the Linux Kernel
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Mar 17, 2023 · Operations

Understanding Synchronization Mechanisms and RCU in the Linux Kernel

Linux kernel synchronization requires protecting shared mutable state from concurrent access using primitives such as spinlocks, mutexes, read‑write locks, or lock‑less techniques like RCU, which copies data and waits for a grace period, each offering distinct performance, latency, and complexity trade‑offs.

Linux kernelRCUSpinlock
0 likes · 26 min read
Understanding Synchronization Mechanisms and RCU in the Linux Kernel
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Feb 1, 2023 · Fundamentals

Understanding Linux Kernel Types: Micro, Monolithic, and Hybrid Explained

This article introduces the Linux kernel, explains its role and different architectures—including microkernel, monolithic, and hybrid designs—covers their advantages and disadvantages, describes kernel file locations, modules, and offers practical learning tips and reference resources for system programmers.

Hybrid KernelKernel ModulesLinux kernel
0 likes · 25 min read
Understanding Linux Kernel Types: Micro, Monolithic, and Hybrid Explained
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Jan 29, 2023 · Operations

How Linux Kernel Handles TCP Connections: Deep Dive into sock_common and Lookup

This article explores Linux kernel TCP connection handling by examining socket data structures, port range and file descriptor tuning, core functions like tcp_v4_rcv, and lookup mechanisms, while offering practical tips to boost client-side concurrent connections beyond traditional limits.

Linux kernelOperationsPerformance Tuning
0 likes · 9 min read
How Linux Kernel Handles TCP Connections: Deep Dive into sock_common and Lookup
ByteDance SYS Tech
ByteDance SYS Tech
Jan 13, 2023 · Fundamentals

How HVO Cuts HugeTLB Memory Overhead by Up to 99% in Linux Kernels

This article, based on ByteDance STE’s 2022 Linux Kernel Developer Conference talk, explains the HVO (HugeTLB vmemmap Optimization) feature that dramatically reduces struct page memory for huge pages, details its latest enhancements, cross‑architecture support, usage steps, performance trade‑offs, and future plans.

ARM64HVOHugeTLB
0 likes · 13 min read
How HVO Cuts HugeTLB Memory Overhead by Up to 99% in Linux Kernels
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Jan 12, 2023 · Fundamentals

Why Intel’s Linear Address Masking (LAM) Was Rejected from Linux 6.2

Intel’s Linear Address Masking (LAM) feature, which repurposes unused bits of 64‑bit virtual addresses for metadata, was proposed for Linux 6.2 but faced strong criticism from Linus Torvalds and was ultimately not merged, prompting Intel to rewrite the code for a future kernel release.

Intel LAMLinux kernelMemory Management
0 likes · 5 min read
Why Intel’s Linear Address Masking (LAM) Was Rejected from Linux 6.2
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Jan 6, 2023 · Fundamentals

CFS Group Scheduling: Purpose, Configuration, and Kernel Implementation Details

The article explains why Linux’s Completely Fair Scheduler introduced group scheduling, how Android configures task groups via cpu.shares and Process.java, and details the kernel structures (task_group, sched_entity, cfs_rq) and algorithms for weight calculation, load measurement, propagation, and hierarchical load balancing.

CFS schedulingLinux kernelTask Groups
0 likes · 28 min read
CFS Group Scheduling: Purpose, Configuration, and Kernel Implementation Details
Bilibili Tech
Bilibili Tech
Dec 27, 2022 · Operations

Optimizing QUIC Gateway Performance with AF_XDP

Bilibili’s video CDN replaced its traditional TCP‑based gateway with a QUIC/HTTP‑3 gateway and, to curb the extra CPU load caused by complex UDP handling, adopted AF_XDP kernel‑bypass sockets that redirect packets via XDP, cutting CPU usage by about half, raising peak bandwidth to roughly 9 Gbps and improving per‑bandwidth efficiency by up to 30 %.

AF_XDPLinux kernelQUIC
0 likes · 14 min read
Optimizing QUIC Gateway Performance with AF_XDP
Top Architect
Top Architect
Dec 26, 2022 · Operations

An Introduction to eBPF: Concepts, Use Cases, and Practical Examples

This article provides a comprehensive overview of eBPF, explaining its origins, core concepts, comparison with SystemTap and DTrace, common use cases such as network monitoring, security filtering, and performance analysis, and includes step‑by‑step Python examples with BCC for tracing and latency measurement.

BCCLinux kernelNetwork Monitoring
0 likes · 21 min read
An Introduction to eBPF: Concepts, Use Cases, and Practical Examples
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Dec 4, 2022 · Backend Development

Linux Kernel Rejects Xiaomi Engineer’s UFS File‑Based Optimization Patch

A Xiaomi engineer submitted a set of Linux kernel patches to implement JEDEC’s UFS File‑Based Optimization (UFS FBO) for better storage performance, but kernel maintainer Christoph Hellwig harshly criticized the proposal as completely misguided and unrelated to the kernel, making acceptance unlikely.

File-Based OptimizationLinux kernelPatch rejection
0 likes · 3 min read
Linux Kernel Rejects Xiaomi Engineer’s UFS File‑Based Optimization Patch
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Nov 22, 2022 · Operations

Why Kubernetes Pods Fail with “Resource temporarily unavailable” – Understanding PID Limits

This article analyzes a Kubernetes‑Docker environment where Java pods encounter “fork: Resource temporarily unavailable” errors, tracing the issue through kernel event logs, ulimit settings, PID limits, and related sysctl parameters, and provides detailed recommendations for kernel and user‑level configuration to prevent such failures.

DockerKubernetesLinux kernel
0 likes · 23 min read
Why Kubernetes Pods Fail with “Resource temporarily unavailable” – Understanding PID Limits
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Nov 18, 2022 · Information Security

Evolution of Linux Kernel Security Technologies from 2010 to 2022

From 2010 to 2022 the Linux kernel moved from reactive, out‑of‑tree hardening to a proactive KSPP‑driven era, integrating probabilistic and deterministic mitigations, hardware‑backed defenses, and compiler‑level checks, while Android’s adoption and emerging Rust‑based components accelerated mainstream security hardening.

AndroidGrsecurity/PaXHIDS
0 likes · 18 min read
Evolution of Linux Kernel Security Technologies from 2010 to 2022
ByteDance SYS Tech
ByteDance SYS Tech
Nov 15, 2022 · Cloud Native

How ByteDance’s STE Team Tackles Linux Kernel Memory Waste and Drives Cloud‑Native Innovation

This interview reveals how ByteDance’s STE team, a youthful group of Linux kernel engineers, identified and solved memory‑management redundancy, contributed the HVO and VDUSE projects to the open‑source community, and leveraged these advances to boost cloud‑native performance and reliability across the company.

Cloud NativeLinux kernelOpen-source
0 likes · 15 min read
How ByteDance’s STE Team Tackles Linux Kernel Memory Waste and Drives Cloud‑Native Innovation
Refining Core Development Skills
Refining Core Development Skills
Nov 13, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding JDK NIO File I/O and Linux Kernel Mechanisms: Buffered vs Direct IO, Page Cache, and Dirty Page Management

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of how JDK NIO performs file read and write operations by examining the underlying Linux kernel mechanisms, including the differences between Buffered and Direct IO, the structure and management of the page cache, file readahead algorithms, and the kernel parameters governing dirty page writeback.

Buffered IODirty Page WritebackFile I/O
0 likes · 78 min read
Understanding JDK NIO File I/O and Linux Kernel Mechanisms: Buffered vs Direct IO, Page Cache, and Dirty Page Management
IT Services Circle
IT Services Circle
Nov 5, 2022 · Fundamentals

UFS File-Based Optimization (FBO) Standard and Its Controversial Linux Kernel Patch

JEDEC’s new UFS File‑Based Optimization (FBO) 1.0 standard defines an interface for host‑device communication to defragment file‑related LBA ranges, but a Xiaomi engineer’s Linux kernel patch implementing it was sharply criticized by kernel veteran Christoph Hellwig as impractical and unrelated to the kernel.

File-Based OptimizationJEDECLinux kernel
0 likes · 4 min read
UFS File-Based Optimization (FBO) Standard and Its Controversial Linux Kernel Patch
21CTO
21CTO
Nov 4, 2022 · Fundamentals

Can File‑Based Optimization Save UFS Performance? Inside the Linux Kernel Debate

JEDEC’s new UFS File‑Based Optimization (FBO) 1.0 standard aims to improve flash storage performance by defragmenting LBA ranges tied to specific files, but a Xiaomi engineer’s patch proposal to implement it in Linux was sharply rejected by kernel veteran Christoph Hellwig, who called the idea fundamentally flawed.

File-Based OptimizationLinux kernelUFS
0 likes · 4 min read
Can File‑Based Optimization Save UFS Performance? Inside the Linux Kernel Debate
ByteDance SYS Tech
ByteDance SYS Tech
Nov 1, 2022 · Operations

How eBPF Can Cut Container Network Latency by Up to 82%

Using eBPF to bypass traditional bridge, netfilter, and routing steps, this article demonstrates how container network packet forwarding can be accelerated, reducing receive and transmit latency by around 40‑82%, with detailed perf‑ftrace analysis, code examples, and performance comparisons of three forwarding modes.

Linux kernelNetwork Performancecontainer networking
0 likes · 14 min read
How eBPF Can Cut Container Network Latency by Up to 82%
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Oct 21, 2022 · Information Security

DirtyPipe (CVE‑2022‑0847) Vulnerability Analysis and Exploitation on Android/Linux

DirtyPipe (CVE‑2022‑0847) is a high‑severity Linux kernel flaw that lets attackers arbitrarily overwrite any readable file via an uninitialized pipe‑buffer flag, enabling privilege escalation on Android and other systems by patching shared libraries, bypassing SELinux, loading malicious modules, and ultimately gaining root, highlighting urgent need for patches and integrity protections.

CVE-2022-0847DirtyPipeLinux kernel
0 likes · 17 min read
DirtyPipe (CVE‑2022‑0847) Vulnerability Analysis and Exploitation on Android/Linux
Su San Talks Tech
Su San Talks Tech
Sep 9, 2022 · Fundamentals

How Linux Kernel Handles JDK NIO File I/O: From Page Cache to Direct IO

This article deeply explores the Linux kernel's handling of JDK NIO file reads and writes, detailing the role of page cache, radix trees, buffered versus direct I/O, prefetch algorithms, dirty‑page write‑back mechanisms, and the key sysctl parameters that control performance and data safety.

I/O performanceJavaLinux kernel
0 likes · 80 min read
How Linux Kernel Handles JDK NIO File I/O: From Page Cache to Direct IO
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Aug 12, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding Linux rwsem: Mechanisms, Data Structures, and Optimistic Spinning

Linux rwsem is a read‑write semaphore that lets multiple readers or a single writer hold the lock, using a count field, owner pointer, optimistic‑spin queue (osq), and protected wait list; it provides fast, medium, and slow acquisition paths with handoff and optimistic spinning to reduce sleep latency compared to mutexes and spinlocks.

Linux kernelSynchronizationconcurrency
0 likes · 16 min read
Understanding Linux rwsem: Mechanisms, Data Structures, and Optimistic Spinning
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Jul 30, 2022 · Fundamentals

How Linux Kernel Version Numbers Are Structured and What They Mean

This article explains how Linux kernel version numbers have evolved—from Linus Torvalds’s early simple increment scheme to the modern three‑component “major.minor.revision” format—detailing the meaning of each segment, the role of patch and release‑candidate identifiers, and how to identify kernel versions using uname.

Linux kernelkernel developmentoperating system
0 likes · 8 min read
How Linux Kernel Version Numbers Are Structured and What They Mean
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Jul 20, 2022 · Fundamentals

Deep Dive into the TCP Three‑Way Handshake from the Linux Kernel Perspective

The article explains how the Linux kernel implements the TCP three‑way handshake, detailing server listen queue allocation, client connect port selection and SYN transmission, SYN‑ACK processing, state transitions, request‑socket management, full‑connection queue handling, and the final accept call, plus tuning tips.

Linux kernelNetwork StackTCP
0 likes · 19 min read
Deep Dive into the TCP Three‑Way Handshake from the Linux Kernel Perspective
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jul 19, 2022 · Information Security

Inside Netfilter and iptables: How Linux Filters Packets with Hooks and Tables

Netfilter, the Linux kernel’s packet‑processing framework, uses a series of hook points and the NF_HOOK macro to let user‑space tools like iptables register callback functions that inspect, modify, or drop packets, with detailed structures for tables, chains, rules, priorities, and connection tracking.

Linux kernelconnection trackingiptables
0 likes · 21 min read
Inside Netfilter and iptables: How Linux Filters Packets with Hooks and Tables
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jul 14, 2022 · Operations

Migrate CentOS 8 to Oracle Linux Using the Official centos2ol.sh Script

This guide walks you through checking your current CentOS 8 environment, downloading the Oracle‑provided centos2ol.sh script, executing it to replace packages and switch kernels, and verifying the successful migration to Oracle Linux Server with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel.

Bash scriptCentOSLinux kernel
0 likes · 5 min read
Migrate CentOS 8 to Oracle Linux Using the Official centos2ol.sh Script
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Jul 1, 2022 · Operations

Linux Kernel Performance Profiling: A Comprehensive Guide to On-CPU and Off-CPU Analysis

This comprehensive guide explains Linux kernel performance profiling—both on‑CPU and off‑CPU—by stressing the need to target the critical 3 % of code, covering throughput, latency and power metrics, scalability laws, flame‑graph visualizations, perf and eBPF tools, lock‑contention analysis, and further reading recommendations.

Linux kernelThroughputeBPF
0 likes · 27 min read
Linux Kernel Performance Profiling: A Comprehensive Guide to On-CPU and Off-CPU Analysis
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Jun 27, 2022 · Operations

Mastering pwru: Deep Dive into Cilium’s eBPF Packet Tracing Tool

This article introduces pwru, Cilium’s eBPF‑based network packet tracing utility, covering installation prerequisites, command‑line options, real‑world debugging scenarios, and the underlying implementation that leverages kprobes, eBPF maps, and perf events to filter and display packet data.

CiliumLinux kerneleBPF
0 likes · 9 min read
Mastering pwru: Deep Dive into Cilium’s eBPF Packet Tracing Tool
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jun 17, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding the Linux Kernel: Concepts, Types, Files, Modules, and Learning Strategies

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Linux kernel, explaining its purpose, different kernel architectures (microkernel, monolithic, hybrid), file locations, loadable modules, and offers practical learning advice and resource recommendations for anyone seeking to grasp operating‑system fundamentals.

Kernel TypesLearning ResourcesLinux kernel
0 likes · 24 min read
Understanding the Linux Kernel: Concepts, Types, Files, Modules, and Learning Strategies
OPPO Amber Lab
OPPO Amber Lab
Jun 2, 2022 · Information Security

DirtyPipe (CVE‑2022‑0847) Exploit: Gaining Root on Android

Researchers dissect the DirtyPipe (CVE‑2022‑0847) Linux kernel flaw affecting Android, explaining its uninitialized flag bug in splice, the patch changes, and detailed exploitation techniques that modify read‑only .so files to achieve arbitrary writes, bypass SELinux, and ultimately obtain root privileges.

AndroidCVE-2022-0847DirtyPipe
0 likes · 18 min read
DirtyPipe (CVE‑2022‑0847) Exploit: Gaining Root on Android
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Apr 29, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding RTG (Related Thread Group) in the Linux Kernel: Core Selection, Frequency Aggregation, and Busy Hysteresis

The article explains Linux’s Related Thread Group (RTG) mechanism—its struct definition, default Android grouping, core‑selection logic that boosts whole groups to big‑core clusters, load‑aggregation for DCVS frequency decisions, and the newer busy‑hysteresis feature that delays low‑power entry to improve performance and power efficiency.

CPU schedulingDCVSLinux kernel
0 likes · 15 min read
Understanding RTG (Related Thread Group) in the Linux Kernel: Core Selection, Frequency Aggregation, and Busy Hysteresis
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Apr 22, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding Linux Kernel Mutex: Mechanism, Data Structures, and APIs

The Linux kernel’s mutex is a sleeping lock that serializes access by sleeping threads, enforces strict ownership rules, uses a state flag with a wait list and per‑CPU optimistic spin queue, offers APIs like mutex_init, lock, unlock and trylock, and employs handoff and MCS‑style spinning to improve performance, with OPPO’s team optimizing it to reduce UI jank.

Linux kernelSynchronizationconcurrency
0 likes · 16 min read
Understanding Linux Kernel Mutex: Mechanism, Data Structures, and APIs
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Mar 18, 2022 · Operations

In‑Depth Analysis of the Linux Schedutil Governor (sugov)

The article delivers a comprehensive, code‑level examination of Linux’s schedutil (sugov) CPU‑frequency governor, detailing its architecture, key data structures, registration with the cpufreq core, utilization‑driven frequency calculation (including iowait boost and limit handling), and the start‑stop lifecycle, while noting its default status and remaining mobile‑platform challenges.

CPU frequency scalingLinux kernelPerformance Optimization
0 likes · 23 min read
In‑Depth Analysis of the Linux Schedutil Governor (sugov)
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Mar 11, 2022 · Operations

Bus DCVS: Dynamic Clock and Voltage Scaling for DDR Bandwidth Management in Modern SoCs

BUS DCVS dynamically scales DDR bus frequency and voltage using bandwidth‑monitor (bw_hwmon) and memory‑latency (memlat) governors within the Linux devfreq framework, aggregating votes from CPU, GPU, and other masters to balance performance and power across varied workloads such as audio playback and high‑definition video streaming.

Bus DCVSDDR bandwidthDynamic Voltage Scaling
0 likes · 11 min read
Bus DCVS: Dynamic Clock and Voltage Scaling for DDR Bandwidth Management in Modern SoCs
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Mar 8, 2022 · Backend Development

Why the Linux Kernel Is Moving to C11 and What It Means

Arnd Bergmann's new patch lets the Linux kernel default to the GNU11 dialect, enabling modern C99/C11 features, with Linus Torvalds' backing, and the change is set to be tested in the upcoming v5.18 release.

C language standardsC11GNU11
0 likes · 5 min read
Why the Linux Kernel Is Moving to C11 and What It Means
21CTO
21CTO
Feb 27, 2022 · Fundamentals

Why the Linux Kernel Is Switching to Modern C (C11) in Version 5.18

The Linux kernel community is debating moving from the outdated C89 standard to a modern C standard—likely C11—for the upcoming 5.18 release, driven by bug fixes, macro safety concerns, and support from key developers.

C standardsC11Linux kernel
0 likes · 5 min read
Why the Linux Kernel Is Switching to Modern C (C11) in Version 5.18
ITPUB
ITPUB
Feb 17, 2022 · Fundamentals

Mastering Linux Process Scheduling: From FCFS to CFS Explained

This comprehensive guide walks through the fundamentals of process scheduling in operating systems, covering scheduling concepts, OS classifications, process types, priority mechanisms, preemptive vs cooperative models, design goals, classic algorithms such as FCFS, SJF, RR, MLFQ, and the evolution of Linux schedulers from O(n) and O(1) to the modern CFS, complete with code excerpts and practical examples.

CFSFCFSLinux kernel
0 likes · 31 min read
Mastering Linux Process Scheduling: From FCFS to CFS Explained
NiuNiu MaTe
NiuNiu MaTe
Jan 2, 2022 · Fundamentals

Why Receiving a TCP RST Doesn’t Always Close the Connection

This article explains the purpose of the TCP RST flag, how the kernel and application layers detect it, the various scenarios that trigger RST, why an RST may not terminate a connection, and the security implications of RST attacks.

Linux kernelRSTTCP
0 likes · 15 min read
Why Receiving a TCP RST Doesn’t Always Close the Connection
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Dec 17, 2021 · Fundamentals

In‑Depth Analysis of Linux CFS Task Placement and Energy Model (Part 2)

The article delves into Linux 5.10.61’s CFS task placement code, explaining the Energy‑Model framework, key data structures, and energy calculations, then walks through select_task_rq_fair’s wake‑up, fork, and exec paths, detailing EAS CPU selection, wake‑affine logic, fast and slow CPU‑selection algorithms, and how they balance performance with power on heterogeneous mobile platforms.

EASLinux kernelScheduler
0 likes · 26 min read
In‑Depth Analysis of Linux CFS Task Placement and Energy Model (Part 2)
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Dec 12, 2021 · Cloud Native

Unlocking eBPF: From Packet Filtering to Cloud‑Native Observability

This article explores the evolution of BPF from its origins as a packet‑filtering mechanism to the modern eBPF engine, detailing its architecture, security and performance benefits, core features such as hooks, maps and helper functions, and real‑world cloud‑native use cases like Cilium, Falco and kubectl‑trace.

Cloud NativeLinux kernelPerformance
0 likes · 26 min read
Unlocking eBPF: From Packet Filtering to Cloud‑Native Observability
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Nov 21, 2021 · Fundamentals

Why Interrupts Matter: Unraveling CPU Interrupt Mechanisms and the IDT

This article explains how CPUs receive interrupt numbers through hardware, exceptions, or the INT instruction, describes the structure and purpose of the Interrupt Descriptor Table, and details the stack operations and control‑flow steps the processor performs to handle and return from an interrupt.

CPUIDTInterrupts
0 likes · 17 min read
Why Interrupts Matter: Unraveling CPU Interrupt Mechanisms and the IDT
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Nov 19, 2021 · Information Security

eCryptfs: Architecture, Usage, and Encryption Process

eCryptfs is a Linux kernel‑integrated stacked filesystem that encrypts both file names and contents using per‑file symmetric keys protected by passphrase‑or public‑key‑encrypted key wrappers, managed by a user‑space daemon and kernel keyring, with Ubuntu installation via ecryptfs‑utils, mount commands, and a read/write flow that incurs performance overhead and cache‑based security risks.

Linux kerneleCryptfsencrypted filesystem
0 likes · 6 min read
eCryptfs: Architecture, Usage, and Encryption Process
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Oct 8, 2021 · Backend Development

What Really Happens Inside the Linux Kernel During a TCP Three‑Way Handshake?

This article dives deep into the Linux kernel implementation of the TCP three‑way handshake, explaining the roles of listen, connect, SYN/ACK processing, queue management, timers, and accept, while providing concrete code snippets and diagrams to help backend engineers master the underlying mechanics.

Backend DevelopmentLinux kernelSockets
0 likes · 18 min read
What Really Happens Inside the Linux Kernel During a TCP Three‑Way Handshake?
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Sep 15, 2021 · Backend Development

How Rust Is Shaping the Future of Linux Kernel Development

At the recent Linaro Connect virtual conference, Linux kernel maintainer Miguel Ojeda, a Google employee, detailed the ongoing Rust for Linux project, noting existing RFC patches for Rust infrastructure and a basic virtual driver, the progress of three compiler back‑ends, and the roadmap toward integrating Rust into the kernel.

Linux kernelRustkernel development
0 likes · 3 min read
How Rust Is Shaping the Future of Linux Kernel Development
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Sep 11, 2021 · Fundamentals

Why Linus Torvalds Rejects GitHub Merge Messages for Linux Kernel Contributions

Linus Torvalds criticizes the use of GitHub’s merge interface for Linux kernel contributions, arguing that its commit messages lack essential details such as what is being merged, why, and proper author attribution, and he emphasizes the need for signed, well‑documented PRs despite his past reluctance to use GitHub.

GitHubLinux kernelVersion Control
0 likes · 4 min read
Why Linus Torvalds Rejects GitHub Merge Messages for Linux Kernel Contributions
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Sep 10, 2021 · Information Security

Understanding dm-verity: Design Principles, Application Layer, and Kernel Implementation

dm‑verity is a Linux device‑mapper target that protects a data partition’s integrity by using a compile‑time hash‑tree stored on a separate hash device, with Android employing it for verified boot; user‑space creates the dm device, loads the verity table, activates it, while the kernel’s dev_create, table_load, and suspend handlers set up mapped_device structures and enforce per‑block hash verification during I/O.

AndroidLinux kerneldevice mapper
0 likes · 15 min read
Understanding dm-verity: Design Principles, Application Layer, and Kernel Implementation
21CTO
21CTO
Sep 8, 2021 · Fundamentals

Linus Torvalds Slams GitHub Merge Messages – What Developers Should Learn

Linus Torvalds lambasts GitHub’s merge interface as generating useless commit messages while still merging Paragon’s NTFS driver, and Lenovo announces a new end‑to‑end PaaS service that bundles hardware, software and support into a subscription model.

GitHubLinux kernelNTFS driver
0 likes · 5 min read
Linus Torvalds Slams GitHub Merge Messages – What Developers Should Learn
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Aug 10, 2021 · Fundamentals

Why eBPF is Revolutionizing High‑Performance Networking for Enterprises

This article explains how eBPF evolved from classic packet filtering to a powerful, programmable kernel virtual machine that enables high‑performance networking, hardware offload, and flexible security, making it increasingly vital for operators, system administrators, and enterprise solution providers.

Linux kernelSmartNICXDP
0 likes · 11 min read
Why eBPF is Revolutionizing High‑Performance Networking for Enterprises
Refining Core Development Skills
Refining Core Development Skills
Aug 9, 2021 · Backend Development

Analyzing TCP Handshake Anomalies: Port Exhaustion, Connection Queue Overflow, and Performance Mitigation

This article examines common TCP handshake anomalies in backend systems, detailing how client port exhaustion and server-side connection queue overflows cause packet loss and latency spikes, while providing kernel-level insights and practical configuration strategies to optimize network performance and ensure reliable service availability.

Linux kernelNetwork PerformanceSystem Tuning
0 likes · 14 min read
Analyzing TCP Handshake Anomalies: Port Exhaustion, Connection Queue Overflow, and Performance Mitigation
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Aug 6, 2021 · Operations

Intelligent Power Allocation (IPA) Governor: Architecture, PID Control, and Power Allocation in the Linux Kernel

The Intelligent Power Allocation (IPA) governor, introduced in Linux kernel 4.2, uses a PID‑based closed‑loop controller and a dynamic power allocator to distribute sustainable power among CPU, GPU and other IP cores, maximizing performance while respecting temperature limits, but requires careful PID tuning and device‑tree configuration.

Linux kernelPID controllerSoC
0 likes · 9 min read
Intelligent Power Allocation (IPA) Governor: Architecture, PID Control, and Power Allocation in the Linux Kernel
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Aug 1, 2021 · Operations

Unlocking Linux Performance: A Practical Guide to eBPF and BPF Maps

This article introduces the fundamentals of BPF and its extended version eBPF, explains their kernel‑resident virtual machine architecture, demonstrates simple packet‑filtering examples, outlines the eBPF program lifecycle, describes key BPF system‑call commands, and surveys the various eBPF map types used for efficient data handling in Linux.

BPFLinux kernelSystem Tracing
0 likes · 9 min read
Unlocking Linux Performance: A Practical Guide to eBPF and BPF Maps
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jul 28, 2021 · Fundamentals

How U‑Boot Passes the Device Tree to the ARM Kernel: A Deep Dive

This article explains how U‑Boot loads the device‑tree blob into memory, transfers its address via the r2 register using either bootm_header_t or legacy boot parameters, and describes the kernel’s two‑stage parsing process that validates, scans, and unflattens the tree into device nodes.

ArmBoot ProcessLinux kernel
0 likes · 8 min read
How U‑Boot Passes the Device Tree to the ARM Kernel: A Deep Dive
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Jul 9, 2021 · Operations

Understanding CPU Frequency Scaling (cpufreq) in Linux: Architecture, Governors, and Interactive/Schedutil

The Linux cpufreq framework, organized into generic, driver, and governor layers, manages dynamic frequency and voltage scaling for big‑LITTLE CPUs by exposing sysfs controls, using policies like Interactive (periodic sampling) and Schedutil (event‑driven) to balance performance and battery life on modern smartphones.

CPU frequency scalingCPU governorsInteractive governor
0 likes · 11 min read
Understanding CPU Frequency Scaling (cpufreq) in Linux: Architecture, Governors, and Interactive/Schedutil
Refining Core Development Skills
Refining Core Development Skills
May 27, 2021 · Fundamentals

Deep Dive into Linux Localhost Network I/O: Kernel-Level Packet Transmission and Reception on 127.0.0.1

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the Linux kernel's handling of localhost network I/O, detailing how packets destined for 127.0.0.1 bypass physical network interfaces, traverse the routing table, and utilize the loopback virtual device and soft interrupts for efficient intra-machine communication.

Kernel RoutingLinux kernelLoopback Interface
0 likes · 12 min read
Deep Dive into Linux Localhost Network I/O: Kernel-Level Packet Transmission and Reception on 127.0.0.1
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
May 9, 2021 · Fundamentals

How Linux Allocates Heap Memory: Inside vm_area_struct and the brk System Call

This article explains the Linux kernel's heap memory allocation process, covering the vm_area_struct and mm_struct data structures, the brk system call implementation, and the page‑fault handling that maps virtual addresses to physical memory, while also mentioning other allocation mechanisms such as mmap and HugePages.

Linux kernelPage Faultbrk system call
0 likes · 12 min read
How Linux Allocates Heap Memory: Inside vm_area_struct and the brk System Call
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Apr 19, 2021 · Fundamentals

Unlocking the Linux Kernel: A Beginner’s Guide to Architecture and Modules

This article introduces the Linux kernel, explains its purpose and different architectures—including microkernel, monolithic, and hybrid designs—covers where kernel files reside, describes kernel modules and their management, and shares practical learning strategies and resources for newcomers.

Kernel ModulesLearning GuideLinux kernel
0 likes · 27 min read
Unlocking the Linux Kernel: A Beginner’s Guide to Architecture and Modules
Qunar Tech Salon
Qunar Tech Salon
Mar 10, 2021 · Backend Development

Deep Dive into epoll: Principles, Blocking, and I/O Multiplexing

This article provides an in‑depth exploration of Linux’s epoll mechanism, covering its blocking behavior, kernel‑level processing, NAPI optimization, comparisons with select/poll, and practical insights into I/O multiplexing, helping backend engineers understand performance characteristics and design efficient network services.

Backend DevelopmentI/O multiplexingLinux kernel
0 likes · 15 min read
Deep Dive into epoll: Principles, Blocking, and I/O Multiplexing
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Feb 28, 2021 · Fundamentals

Step-by-Step Guide: Compile Linux Kernel and Debug with QEMU + GDB

Learn how to compile the Linux 4.19.172 kernel on CentOS, create a rootfs with BusyBox, and set up QEMU‑based debugging using GDB, including required kernel boot parameters, troubleshooting static linking errors, and optional Eclipse visual debugging.

CompilationLinux kernelQEMU
0 likes · 12 min read
Step-by-Step Guide: Compile Linux Kernel and Debug with QEMU + GDB
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Feb 10, 2021 · Operations

Understanding CPU Power Management and the schedutil cpufreq Governor

Understanding CPU power management involves static and dynamic power, the cpufreq framework’s core, governor, driver, and stats components, and common governors, while the schedutil governor—introduced in Linux 4.7—leverages scheduler utilization data, fast‑switching, and tunable parameters to compute and apply per‑cluster frequencies instantly for low‑latency, fine‑grained scaling.

Linux kernelcpufreqfrequency scaling
0 likes · 24 min read
Understanding CPU Power Management and the schedutil cpufreq Governor
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jan 23, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding Linux TCP Socket Implementation and System Tuning

This article explains how Linux manages TCP sockets at the kernel level, demonstrates how to adjust port ranges and file‑descriptor limits, and shows the key data structures and lookup functions that enable high‑concurrency TCP connections, providing practical guidance for scaling client connections.

Linux kernelPerformancePort Range
0 likes · 8 min read
Understanding Linux TCP Socket Implementation and System Tuning
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jan 17, 2021 · Fundamentals

When Do SO_REUSEADDR and SO_REUSEPORT Actually Take Effect? A Deep Dive

This article explains the differences and interactions between the SO_REUSEADDR and SO_REUSEPORT socket options, shows how they behave on BSD and Linux kernels across versions, and provides code examples and tables to illustrate binding rules, TIME_WAIT handling, and the evolution of reuse‑port support.

Linux kernelSO_REUSEADDRSO_REUSEPORT
0 likes · 14 min read
When Do SO_REUSEADDR and SO_REUSEPORT Actually Take Effect? A Deep Dive
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Jan 8, 2021 · Operations

Understanding eBPF and Its Use on Android for System Call Counting

The article explains eBPF’s evolution from packet filtering to a C‑compiled, sandboxed kernel framework, describes its core concepts of bytecode, JIT, and maps, and walks through building, loading, and using an Android eBPF program that counts system calls per PID via tracepoint hooks.

AndroidBPFLinux kernel
0 likes · 9 min read
Understanding eBPF and Its Use on Android for System Call Counting
ITPUB
ITPUB
Dec 29, 2020 · Fundamentals

How Linux Connection Tracking Works: Inside Netfilter and NAT

This article explains the principles, applications, and Linux kernel implementation of connection tracking (conntrack), covering its role in NAT, L4 load balancing, key data structures, hook mechanisms, and performance considerations with detailed code examples.

Linux kernelNATconntrack
0 likes · 28 min read
How Linux Connection Tracking Works: Inside Netfilter and NAT
21CTO
21CTO
Dec 1, 2020 · Fundamentals

How Linus Torvalds Built Linux: From Minix to the World's Dominant OS

This article chronicles Linus Torvalds' journey from a graduate student tinkering with a 386 PC and Minix to creating the Linux kernel, highlighting the technical, historical, and community factors that propelled Linux to become the leading open‑source operating system.

GitLinus TorvaldsLinux kernel
0 likes · 9 min read
How Linus Torvalds Built Linux: From Minix to the World's Dominant OS
21CTO
21CTO
Nov 17, 2020 · R&D Management

What Linus Torvalds Reveals About Realistic Development Practices and Tool Use

Linus Torvalds explains that developers often overestimate delegation and code importance, emphasizing that user needs trump code quality, that appropriate workflows matter more than tools, and that trust, proper use of SCM, and open communication via mailing lists are key to successful large‑scale projects.

Linus TorvaldsLinux kernelProject Management
0 likes · 8 min read
What Linus Torvalds Reveals About Realistic Development Practices and Tool Use
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Nov 13, 2020 · Information Security

Understanding KASAN: Principles and Usage in the Linux Kernel

KASAN, the Kernel Address Sanitizer, is a built‑in Linux kernel tool that uses shadow memory to mark each 8‑byte block’s accessibility, enabling detection of out‑of‑bounds and use‑after‑free errors while consuming about one‑eighth of RAM and requiring kernel configuration changes to activate.

KASANLinux kernelMemory Debugging
0 likes · 8 min read
Understanding KASAN: Principles and Usage in the Linux Kernel
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Oct 30, 2020 · Fundamentals

Understanding FUSE: Architecture and Implementation Details

FUSE implements a user‑space file‑system framework where a kernel module creates the /dev/fuse device and forwards VFS requests into kernel queues, while a multi‑threaded daemon reads these requests, optionally uses splice for zero‑copy, processes them, and writes replies back, enabling simple file‑system development without kernel recompilation.

FUSEFilesystem architectureLinux kernel
0 likes · 10 min read
Understanding FUSE: Architecture and Implementation Details
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Oct 18, 2020 · Databases

Why MongoDB mongos Proxies Crash Under Load and How to Fix It

A high‑traffic Java service using MongoDB experienced intermittent latency spikes and a full‑scale outage caused by excessive connection churn, kernel‑level random‑number generation bottlenecks, and mis‑configured client timeouts, which were diagnosed through log analysis, packet captures, and performance testing, leading to concrete mitigation steps.

Linux kernelMongoDBdatabase optimization
0 likes · 25 min read
Why MongoDB mongos Proxies Crash Under Load and How to Fix It
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Sep 18, 2020 · Fundamentals

Linux SCSI Subsystem Architecture and Design Framework

The article thoroughly examines the Linux SCSI subsystem architecture, illustrating how abstract hardware topology—hosts, channels, IDs, and LUNs—is modeled in software through structs such as scsi_host and scsi_device, and detailing initialization, scanning, path establishment, power management, and block‑layer integration to guide kernel storage driver design.

Block LayerData StructuresLinux kernel
0 likes · 20 min read
Linux SCSI Subsystem Architecture and Design Framework
Laravel Tech Community
Laravel Tech Community
Sep 1, 2020 · Fundamentals

Linux Kernel 5.9-rc3 Released with Extensive Fallthrough Macro Changes and New Hardware Support

Linux Kernel 5.9-rc3 has been released, featuring a massive introduction of over two thousand fallthrough macro instances, numerous driver and architecture updates—including AMD Sienna Cichlid and Navy Flounder GPU support, Intel Rocket Lake and SERIALIZE instructions, RISC‑V enhancements, NVMe ZNS, and other improvements—while the stable 5.9 version is expected in early to mid‑October.

Fallthrough MacroLinux kernelhardware support
0 likes · 3 min read
Linux Kernel 5.9-rc3 Released with Extensive Fallthrough Macro Changes and New Hardware Support
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Aug 14, 2020 · Fundamentals

Linux Kernel Synchronization: Atomics, Spinlocks, Semaphores & Mutexes

This article explains the core synchronization mechanisms used in modern Linux kernels—including atomic operations, spinlocks, semaphores, and mutexes—detailing their definitions, underlying implementations, API usage, performance characteristics, and appropriate usage scenarios across different execution contexts such as process, interrupt, and soft‑interrupt contexts.

Linux kernelSemaphoreSpinlock
0 likes · 12 min read
Linux Kernel Synchronization: Atomics, Spinlocks, Semaphores & Mutexes
21CTO
21CTO
Jul 18, 2020 · Fundamentals

Linus Torvalds Demands AVX-512’s End: Intel’s Power‑Hungry Extension Hurts Users

Linus Torvalds publicly denounced Intel’s AVX‑512 instruction set, calling it a ‘power‑virus’ that bloats CPUs for niche benchmark gains, urging Intel to abandon it in favor of simpler, more efficient code that benefits everyday users rather than specialized high‑performance scenarios.

CPU architectureIntelLinux kernel
0 likes · 6 min read
Linus Torvalds Demands AVX-512’s End: Intel’s Power‑Hungry Extension Hurts Users
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Jul 17, 2020 · Fundamentals

An Overview of USB 3.0, Type‑C, and OTG Technologies

The article reviews USB 3.0’s higher 5 Gbps (10 Gbps Gen 2) bandwidth, asynchronous transfers, burst and stream capabilities, explains the reversible Type‑C connector’s power‑delivery, dual‑lane data and DisplayPort alternate mode, and details USB 3.0 OTG role negotiation via CC pins together with Linux kernel and ConfigFS support.

Linux kernelOTGType-C
0 likes · 16 min read
An Overview of USB 3.0, Type‑C, and OTG Technologies
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Jul 10, 2020 · Information Security

Linux Kernel Crypto Framework: Architecture, Data Structures, and Application in File System Encryption

The Linux kernel’s generic crypto framework, introduced in version 2.5.45, defines core structures such as crypto_template, crypto_alg, crypto_instance and crypto_tfm to dynamically register and combine algorithms (e.g., ecb(aes)), providing a uniform API for symmetric, asymmetric, hash and other primitives, supporting user‑space access via AF_ALG and practical use cases like Android file‑based encryption with built‑in self‑tests for correctness.

Data StructuresLinux kernelSelf-test
0 likes · 11 min read
Linux Kernel Crypto Framework: Architecture, Data Structures, and Application in File System Encryption
Laravel Tech Community
Laravel Tech Community
Jun 17, 2020 · Fundamentals

Linux Kernel 5.8 RC1 Released with Major Updates and New Hardware Support

Linux Kernel 5.8 RC1 has been released, featuring extensive code changes—including updates to AMD Radeon drivers, SELinux optimizations, power management, new hardware support like Intel Tiger Lake Thunderbolt and Habana Labs Gaudi accelerators, as well as numerous filesystem improvements and documentation clean‑ups, with the stable release slated for mid‑August.

Linux kernelhardware supportkernel development
0 likes · 3 min read
Linux Kernel 5.8 RC1 Released with Major Updates and New Hardware Support
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
May 29, 2020 · Fundamentals

Task Placement in the Linux CFS Scheduler: Scenarios, Code Framework, and Energy‑Aware Scheduling

The article explains how the Linux CFS scheduler places newly created or awakened tasks—during fork, exec, or wake‑up—by using sched domains and flags to invoke select_task_rq_fair, which then chooses among energy‑aware, least‑loaded, or idle‑sibling CPUs based on capacity, energy impact, and affinity.

CPU load balancingLinux kernelsched_domain
0 likes · 16 min read
Task Placement in the Linux CFS Scheduler: Scenarios, Code Framework, and Energy‑Aware Scheduling