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This article explains the practical limits on how many TCP connections a Linux server or client can support, covering file‑descriptor parameters, memory consumption per socket, kernel tuning examples, and scaling calculations for large‑scale long‑connection services.
The paper “Toward Timeliness‑Enhanced Loss Recovery for Large‑Scale Live Streaming” introduces AutoRec, an on‑off‑mode‑aware packet‑loss recovery mechanism implemented on QUIC that reduces average stall frequency by 11.4% and duration by 5.2% without client‑side changes, and validates its effectiveness in both test‑bed and real‑world CDN deployments.
dperf is an open‑source DPDK‑based network performance and load testing tool that can generate tens of millions of HTTP connections per second, achieve hundreds of Gbps throughput, and provides detailed statistics, with usage instructions, performance benchmarks, and configuration steps for testing environments.
The article analyzes why a high‑concurrency GET service quickly saturates a 100 Mbps uplink due to TLS handshake overhead, demonstrates bandwidth savings by switching to HTTP or using Keep‑Alive, and highlights practical considerations for secure connections.
This article explains the Linux parameters that limit the maximum number of open files and TCP connections on a server, shows how to adjust those limits with configuration examples, and discusses practical constraints such as memory, port ranges, and real‑world scaling scenarios.
This extensive tutorial covers the principles, installation steps, configuration details, and code examples for OVS‑DPDK virtual switching, Lagopus, MoonGen packet generation, FastClick click‑based processing, OpenFastPath, Pktgen‑DPDK, MTCP, Butterfly VM networking, OpenNet, NetBricks, F‑Stack, ThunderX NFV, DPVS, Vhost‑user networking, OpenNFP, VCL, libmoon, and a practical DPDK training curriculum, providing developers with a complete reference for building high‑performance network functions.
This article details a systematic investigation and multi‑stage optimization of TencentOS network latency, uncovering kernel soft‑interrupt bottlenecks, proposing and upstreaming patches to net_rx_action, RPS handling, and ksoftirqd scheduling, ultimately reducing handshake failures by over 80% while sharing practical insights for Linux kernel developers.
At the 48th Optical Fiber Conference (OFC) in March 2023, Alibaba Cloud presented a series of breakthrough research papers and keynote talks on open optical networking, multimode fiber performance, fast optical switching, and future data‑center interconnect architectures, highlighting its leadership in cloud‑native optical technologies.
DPDK’s libgraph, inspired by VPP’s vector packet processing, replaces traditional scalar packet handling with a graph‑based pipeline that improves i‑cache locality, reduces pointer copies, and enables flexible, high‑throughput networking across multiple CPUs and NICs, while introducing trade‑offs such as memory safety risks.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of DPDK, detailing its basic and optimization technologies, architectural components such as the Environment Abstraction Layer, core libraries, platform modules, poll‑mode drivers, hugepage memory management, and CPU‑affinity techniques that together enable high‑performance packet processing in NFV and SDN environments.
This technical guide explores practical methods for measuring network performance in web applications, covering key metrics like ping, jitter, and throughput, while demonstrating how to implement real-time speed testing using browser APIs and JavaScript within a React environment.
Using eBPF to bypass traditional bridge, netfilter, and routing steps, this article demonstrates how container network packet forwarding can be accelerated, reducing receive and transmit latency by around 40‑82%, with detailed perf‑ftrace analysis, code examples, and performance comparisons of three forwarding modes.
This article examines the RoCE protocol and its use in high‑performance computing, describing its low‑latency advantages, congestion‑control mechanisms, performance comparisons with InfiniBand, practical deployment issues, and real‑world case studies such as Slingshot and CESM/GROMACS benchmarks.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of DPDK, covering its fundamental and optimization technologies, software architecture, core libraries, platform modules, poll‑mode drivers, huge‑page usage, polling techniques, and CPU‑affinity strategies for high‑performance packet processing in NFV environments.
To achieve sub‑second start‑up for mobile video streaming, the iQIYI overseas project applies layered HTTPS optimizations—including DNS and certificate caching, ECDHE/X25519 key exchange, false start, lightweight cipher suites, ECDSA certificates, OCSP stapling, and session‑ID/ticket reuse—while transitioning toward TLS 1.3 0‑RTT and HTTP/3 QUIC for further latency reduction.
QUIC replaces TCP when long, lossy or wireless‑induced jitter dominates, offering multi‑stream, 0‑RTT, user‑space transport; Alibaba’s XQUIC library demonstrates 15‑20% latency cuts, 26% throughput gains via XDP‑based UDP bypass, and outlines a four‑stage adoption path from business value to open‑source leadership.
The article describes how Trip.com built a high‑performance, software‑based layer‑4 load balancer (TDLB) using DPVS and DPDK, detailing its lock‑free session handling, user‑IP pass‑through, asynchronous logging, cluster session synchronization, resource isolation, configuration management via etcd/operator, health‑check strategies, and multi‑dimensional monitoring.
The article explains how modern data‑center compute demands drive the need for high‑throughput, low‑latency networking, compares TCP/IP with RDMA‑based solutions such as InfiniBand, iWARP and RoCE, and recommends loss‑less Ethernet for large‑scale HPC deployments.
This article examines common TCP handshake anomalies in backend systems, detailing how client port exhaustion and server-side connection queue overflows cause packet loss and latency spikes, while providing kernel-level insights and practical configuration strategies to optimize network performance and ensure reliable service availability.
Accessing a service on the same host using 127.0.0.1 offers no performance advantage over using the host’s own IP address because the Linux kernel routes both destinations through the loopback interface, as demonstrated by source‑code analysis and packet‑capture experiments.