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Qingyun Technology Community
Qingyun Technology Community
Aug 3, 2021 · Cloud Computing

How QingStor’s Object Storage Architecture Powers Massive Data Scalability

This article explains QingStor's object storage concepts, core advantages, global data model, subsystem design, massive small‑file optimizations, key features like lifecycle management and cross‑region replication, and showcases a traffic‑industry use case, highlighting its scalability, reliability, and ease of integration.

Data ArchitectureQingStorScalability
0 likes · 20 min read
How QingStor’s Object Storage Architecture Powers Massive Data Scalability
Top Architect
Top Architect
Aug 3, 2021 · Fundamentals

Design and Considerations of Distributed File Systems

This article provides a comprehensive overview of distributed file systems, covering their historical evolution, essential requirements such as POSIX compliance, persistence, scalability, and security, and comparing centralized (e.g., GFS) and decentralized (e.g., Ceph) architectures along with strategies for high availability, performance optimization, and data consistency.

ConsistencyDistributed File SystemScalability
0 likes · 19 min read
Design and Considerations of Distributed File Systems
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Aug 2, 2021 · Databases

Improving MongoDB Million-Collection Performance with Shared WiredTiger Table Space

Tencent’s MongoDB team solved the severe performance degradation caused by millions of collections by redesigning WiredTiger to use a shared table‑space with prefix‑mapped keys, eliminating data‑handle explosion, cutting memory use and lock contention, reducing startup from hours to minutes, and boosting read/write throughput by up to two orders of magnitude while preserving full MongoDB compatibility.

Database EngineeringMongoDBScalability
0 likes · 20 min read
Improving MongoDB Million-Collection Performance with Shared WiredTiger Table Space
Java High-Performance Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
Jul 29, 2021 · Cloud Computing

Designing a Scalable Cloud Shopping Cart: Architecture, Layers & Performance

This article explains the purpose, layered and cluster design, distributed architecture, reliability goals, caching strategy, asynchronous checks, storage heterogeneity, payment solutions, and advanced techniques like Nginx+Lua aggregation for building a high‑performance, elastic cloud shopping cart system.

Payment IntegrationScalabilitycloud architecture
0 likes · 5 min read
Designing a Scalable Cloud Shopping Cart: Architecture, Layers & Performance
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jul 27, 2021 · Backend Development

Unlock Scalable Microservices: Master the AKF Design Cube

This article explains the AKF scalability cube for microservice architecture, detailing the Y‑axis functional decomposition, X‑axis horizontal scaling, Z‑axis data partitioning, as well as front‑end/back‑end separation, stateless services, and RESTful communication, providing practical diagrams and guidance for building robust, scalable systems.

Data PartitioningMicroservicesRESTful
0 likes · 9 min read
Unlock Scalable Microservices: Master the AKF Design Cube
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Jul 25, 2021 · Backend Development

Design Principles and Core Features of an API Gateway

The article explains the role of an API Gateway as the single entry point for a system, detailing its core modules such as routing, service registration, load balancing, resilience, security, gray‑release, API aggregation and orchestration, and outlines key design, operational, and architectural considerations for building a high‑performance, highly available, and extensible gateway.

BackendDesignScalability
0 likes · 10 min read
Design Principles and Core Features of an API Gateway
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jul 22, 2021 · Cloud Computing

How to Build Scalable Private and Hybrid Cloud Architectures

This article explains how to design private and hybrid cloud architectures, outlines essential open‑source technologies, discusses scalability, availability, manageability and feasibility, and provides practical guidance on resource measurement, queue load‑balancing, and error‑data handling for robust cloud systems.

Scalabilityarchitecturecloud computing
0 likes · 7 min read
How to Build Scalable Private and Hybrid Cloud Architectures
macrozheng
macrozheng
Jul 21, 2021 · Operations

How to Scale a Web Service: From Single Tomcat to LVS + Nginx Architecture

This article walks through the evolution of a web service architecture—from a single Tomcat server to a multi‑node setup with load balancers, gateways, static‑dynamic separation, and finally a combined LVS‑Nginx solution with DNS load balancing and CDN integration—explaining each component and its impact on scalability and reliability.

Backend ArchitectureLVSNginx
0 likes · 11 min read
How to Scale a Web Service: From Single Tomcat to LVS + Nginx Architecture
Baidu Geek Talk
Baidu Geek Talk
Jul 19, 2021 · Backend Development

How Baidu Scales Sensitive Word Detection to Tens of Millions with a Trie‑Based Service

This article explains the design and evolution of Baidu's word‑list service for content moderation, covering its background, multi‑layer architecture, management platform, strategy loading, matching workflow, performance optimizations for large texts, and future enhancements such as special‑character support and per‑business‑line deployment.

BOSBackend ArchitectureElasticsearch
0 likes · 16 min read
How Baidu Scales Sensitive Word Detection to Tens of Millions with a Trie‑Based Service
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jul 18, 2021 · Industry Insights

From Single Server to Cloud‑Native: 13 Steps to Scale High‑Concurrency Architecture

This article traces the evolution of a high‑concurrency backend architecture from a single‑machine setup to cloud‑native microservices, detailing ten‑plus stages such as separating Tomcat and DB, adding caches, load‑balancing with Nginx/LVS, read‑write splitting, sharding, containerization, and finally deploying on public cloud, while also summarizing key design principles.

BackendDistributed SystemsMicroservices
0 likes · 20 min read
From Single Server to Cloud‑Native: 13 Steps to Scale High‑Concurrency Architecture
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jul 17, 2021 · Backend Development

Evolution of Server‑Side Architecture: From Single Machine to Cloud‑Native Microservices

This article outlines the step-by-step evolution of server‑side architecture from a single‑machine setup to a cloud‑native, micro‑service ecosystem, detailing concepts such as distribution, high availability, caching, load balancing, database sharding, containerization, and the principles guiding scalable, resilient backend systems.

BackendMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 18 min read
Evolution of Server‑Side Architecture: From Single Machine to Cloud‑Native Microservices
TAL Education Technology
TAL Education Technology
Jul 15, 2021 · Backend Development

Design and Architecture of a Scalable Live‑Streaming Message Service

The article outlines the challenges of real‑time messaging in live‑streaming education, presents a multi‑stage backend architecture—including AccessServer, MessageServer, and specialized services—along with caching, clustering, and future enhancements such as connection migration and QUIC to achieve high reliability, low latency, and massive concurrency.

Backend ArchitectureDistributed SystemsScalability
0 likes · 12 min read
Design and Architecture of a Scalable Live‑Streaming Message Service
Maoyan Technology Team
Maoyan Technology Team
Jul 8, 2021 · Backend Development

How Maoyan Unified Billions of App and Mini‑Program Accounts

This article details Maoyan's multi‑account integration journey, describing the background, challenges, industry research, and a three‑phase write‑through solution that merges APP and mini‑program accounts using phone numbers as a common anchor while ensuring data consistency, scalability, and minimal user impact.

Data MigrationScalabilitySystem Architecture
0 likes · 18 min read
How Maoyan Unified Billions of App and Mini‑Program Accounts
Fulu Network R&D Team
Fulu Network R&D Team
Jul 6, 2021 · Operations

Understanding Throughput, Concurrency, and Lock Contention in System Design

Throughput measures the rate at which an application processes tasks, distinct from concurrency, and can be improved by reducing task latency, increasing parallelism, and optimizing lock usage through finer granularity, lower cost, and techniques like buffering, merging, and batch processing to mitigate contention and enhance scalability.

LocksParallelismScalability
0 likes · 11 min read
Understanding Throughput, Concurrency, and Lock Contention in System Design
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jul 5, 2021 · R&D Management

System Architecture Design Overview and Principles for an Online Education Platform

This article presents a comprehensive architecture design for a rapidly growing online education platform, covering background challenges, high‑availability and scalability goals, core design principles, a multi‑layer solution including application, infrastructure, service topology, unified technology stack, standardization, modular services, micro‑service migration, and database and DevOps strategies.

DevOpsMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 6 min read
System Architecture Design Overview and Principles for an Online Education Platform
Java High-Performance Architecture
Java High-Performance Architecture
Jul 4, 2021 · Backend Development

How to Build Scalable, Stateless Architecture Without Magic

This article explains practical principles for designing scalable, stateless backend systems—choosing the right tools, using multiple servers, caching, rate limiting, dividing responsibilities, handling large data volumes, and providing concrete example architectures for projects of any size.

Database designScalabilitystateless
0 likes · 14 min read
How to Build Scalable, Stateless Architecture Without Magic
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jun 29, 2021 · Backend Development

Microservice Architecture Design Patterns

This article introduces key microservice architecture design patterns—including Database per Service, Event Sourcing, CQRS, Saga, BFF, API Gateway, Strangler, Circuit Breaker, Externalized Configuration, and Consumer‑Driven Contract Testing—explaining their advantages, drawbacks, appropriate usage scenarios, and example technologies to guide scalable, resilient system design.

Backend ArchitectureDesign PatternsDistributed Systems
0 likes · 27 min read
Microservice Architecture Design Patterns
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jun 28, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding the Essence of Architecture and Weibo's Large‑Scale System Design

This article explores the fundamental concepts of software architecture, illustrates scaling challenges with examples like Uber and Weibo, and details multi‑tier designs, caching strategies, service decomposition, monitoring, and operational practices for building and maintaining high‑performance, billion‑user backend systems.

BackendScalabilitycaching
0 likes · 20 min read
Understanding the Essence of Architecture and Weibo's Large‑Scale System Design
Architects Research Society
Architects Research Society
Jun 28, 2021 · Backend Development

Evaluating Microservice Architecture for Large Enterprises: Benefits, Challenges, and Organizational Considerations

The article examines whether microservice architecture is suitable for large enterprises by outlining its cultural, technical, and operational impacts, discussing the motivations for breaking monoliths, key architectural concerns, governance, DevOps requirements, and the importance of skilled teams.

Scalabilityenterprise architectureservice governance
0 likes · 8 min read
Evaluating Microservice Architecture for Large Enterprises: Benefits, Challenges, and Organizational Considerations
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Jun 27, 2021 · Backend Development

Scalable Architecture Without Magic: Principles and Practical Setups

The article outlines practical principles for building scalable, stateless backend architectures—choosing the right tools, using multiple servers, applying caching and rate limiting, delegating responsibilities to databases, handling large data volumes, and presenting example configurations from small to massive deployments.

Scalabilitycachingdatabase
0 likes · 11 min read
Scalable Architecture Without Magic: Principles and Practical Setups
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Jun 24, 2021 · Cloud Native

Serverless Adoption: Trends, Challenges, and Architectural Insights from ServerlessDays China 2021

At ServerlessDays China 2021, CTO Wang Xiaobo explained how his team’s shift to a serverless‑first platform—driven by the need for rapid idea rollout, reduced operational overhead, and faster code‑to‑production cycles—reveals both the strategic advantages of serverless for accelerating monetization and the trade‑offs and pitfalls, such as microservice sprawl and workflow complexity, that must be managed through unified DevOps and architectural evolution.

Cloud NativeDevOpsMicroservices
0 likes · 15 min read
Serverless Adoption: Trends, Challenges, and Architectural Insights from ServerlessDays China 2021
vivo Internet Technology
vivo Internet Technology
Jun 23, 2021 · Backend Development

Overview of Vivo Mall Promotion System Architecture and Technical Challenges

The article outlines Vivo Mall’s new independent promotion system architecture—introducing a unified discount model, flexible pricing engine, and scalable, high‑concurrency design—while detailing technical solutions such as Redis caching, batching, hot‑cold separation, rate‑limiting, idempotency, circuit‑breaker safeguards, and lessons learned from Redis SCAN and hot‑key issues.

Backend ArchitectureScalabilitypromotion system
0 likes · 12 min read
Overview of Vivo Mall Promotion System Architecture and Technical Challenges
Architect
Architect
Jun 18, 2021 · Backend Development

Shepherd Unified API Gateway: Architecture, Design, Implementation and Future Roadmap

The article introduces Meituan's Shepherd unified API gateway, covering its background in micro‑service architectures, detailed technical design—including overall architecture, high‑availability, scalability, extensibility, and ease‑of‑use features—operational practices, and future cloud‑native evolution, static site hosting, and component marketplace plans.

Cloud NativeMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 22 min read
Shepherd Unified API Gateway: Architecture, Design, Implementation and Future Roadmap
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Jun 18, 2021 · Fundamentals

What Makes Distributed File Systems Tick? Design Principles and Architecture Explained

This article examines the core concepts, requirements, architectural models, persistence strategies, scalability, high‑availability mechanisms, performance optimizations, security models, and practical considerations of distributed file systems such as HDFS, GFS, and Ceph, offering a comprehensive guide for engineers and researchers.

Data ConsistencyDistributed File SystemScalability
0 likes · 21 min read
What Makes Distributed File Systems Tick? Design Principles and Architecture Explained
Tongcheng Travel Technology Center
Tongcheng Travel Technology Center
Jun 16, 2021 · Backend Development

Introducing the Activity Open Platform: Architecture, Features, and Deployment

The Activity Open Platform, evolved from the Activity Self-Service Platform, provides a company‑wide component sharing and co‑creation environment with standardized processes, cross‑team collaboration, and high scalability, delivering Pro‑code, Low‑code, and No‑code capabilities that have already boosted development efficiency by 40% across multiple departments.

Component ArchitectureCross-Team CollaborationScalability
0 likes · 9 min read
Introducing the Activity Open Platform: Architecture, Features, and Deployment
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jun 15, 2021 · Backend Development

System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling and Robustness

The article explains how increasing business complexity and system throughput drive the need for system splitting, decoupling, and architectural evolution—covering horizontal scaling, vertical and business splitting, database sharding, caching, and the transition to micro‑services to improve capacity, stability, and performance.

MicroservicesScalabilityarchitecture
0 likes · 10 min read
System Splitting and Architectural Evolution: Strategies for Scaling and Robustness
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Jun 15, 2021 · Operations

Mastering IT Monitoring: Strategies, Challenges, and Best Practices

This article explores the fundamentals of IT monitoring, examines common challenges such as scalability, reliability, and alert fatigue, compares four implementation approaches—from open‑source to fully custom solutions—and presents practical techniques like alert convergence, suppression, and automation to build a robust, adaptable monitoring platform.

Alert ManagementOperationsScalability
0 likes · 19 min read
Mastering IT Monitoring: Strategies, Challenges, and Best Practices
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Jun 14, 2021 · Backend Development

The Horror of Microservices in Small Teams

The article warns that while microservices promise independent, scalable development, they often add unnecessary complexity for small teams, leading to duplicated effort, coordination challenges, and potential performance drawbacks if not applied judiciously.

DevOpsMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 9 min read
The Horror of Microservices in Small Teams
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jun 14, 2021 · Backend Development

Designing a High‑Performance Microservice Gateway: Routing, Load‑Balancing & Resilience

This article presents a comprehensive design guide for a microservice gateway, covering functional aspects such as routing, load‑balancing, aggregation, authentication, rate limiting, circuit breaking, and retries, as well as non‑functional concerns like high performance, high availability, scalability, extensibility, and observability.

AuthenticationMicroserviceScalability
0 likes · 15 min read
Designing a High‑Performance Microservice Gateway: Routing, Load‑Balancing & Resilience
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jun 8, 2021 · Backend Development

Architecture Essentials and the Multi‑Layer Design of Sina Weibo's Large‑Scale System

This article explores the fundamental principles of system architecture, using Sina Weibo as a case study to illustrate multi‑layer design, scaling challenges, caching strategies, service decomposition, distributed tracing, and operational practices required for handling millions of users and billions of requests.

MicroservicesScalabilitycaching
0 likes · 21 min read
Architecture Essentials and the Multi‑Layer Design of Sina Weibo's Large‑Scale System
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jun 6, 2021 · Fundamentals

Design Principles and Architecture of Distributed File Systems

This article provides a comprehensive overview of distributed file systems, covering their historical evolution, essential requirements, architectural models with and without central nodes, persistence strategies, scalability, high availability, performance optimization, security mechanisms, and additional considerations such as space allocation, file deletion, small‑file handling, and deduplication.

ConsistencyDistributed File SystemScalability
0 likes · 21 min read
Design Principles and Architecture of Distributed File Systems
Youzan Coder
Youzan Coder
Jun 4, 2021 · Operations

How to Tame Massive Product‑Sync Traffic in a Multi‑Store Chain System

This article analyzes the stability challenges of a multi‑store chain’s product‑copy mechanism, outlines design goals for isolation and scalability, and presents short‑ and long‑term monitoring, flow‑control, and emergency‑response strategies to ensure reliable large‑scale operations.

Flow ControlOperationsScalability
0 likes · 12 min read
How to Tame Massive Product‑Sync Traffic in a Multi‑Store Chain System
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jun 3, 2021 · Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing Reference Architecture and Key Design Considerations

This article explains cloud computing reference architecture, illustrating private and hybrid cloud setups, and discusses essential design factors such as scalability, availability, manageability, feasibility, measurable resources, queue-based load balancing, error handling, and decoupling to build robust, cost‑effective cloud systems.

Resource ManagementScalabilityarchitecture
0 likes · 5 min read
Cloud Computing Reference Architecture and Key Design Considerations
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jun 1, 2021 · Fundamentals

What Makes Distributed File Systems Tick? Design Principles and Architecture Explained

This article explores the core concepts, design requirements, architectural models, scalability, high availability, performance optimization, and security considerations of distributed file systems, comparing centralized and decentralized approaches while highlighting practical solutions for persistence, consistency, and fault tolerance.

ConsistencyDistributed File SystemScalability
0 likes · 21 min read
What Makes Distributed File Systems Tick? Design Principles and Architecture Explained
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
May 31, 2021 · Backend Development

How Zhihu Scales Read Filtering: A Deep Dive into High‑Performance Backend Architecture

This article explains how Zhihu built a highly available, low‑latency read‑filtering service for its homepage, detailing the system’s design goals, architecture components such as proxy, cache and storage, massive data scale, migration from MySQL to TiDB, and performance results after adopting TiDB 3.0.

BackendScalabilityTiDB
0 likes · 21 min read
How Zhihu Scales Read Filtering: A Deep Dive into High‑Performance Backend Architecture
Top Architect
Top Architect
May 30, 2021 · Backend Development

From Monolith to Unitization: Solving Unlimited Scaling Issues in Backend Services

The article explains why simple sharding and database partitioning cannot achieve unlimited scaling in backend systems, analyzes the problem of excessive RPC‑to‑DB connections, and proposes a unitization approach that limits each service to a single database to enable true horizontal expansion.

BackendScalabilitydatabase connections
0 likes · 7 min read
From Monolith to Unitization: Solving Unlimited Scaling Issues in Backend Services
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
May 29, 2021 · Industry Insights

Mastering System Scalability: How to Predict and Handle Change in Architecture

The article explains why scalability is crucial for software systems, outlines the difficulty of accurately predicting future changes, and presents two architectural approaches—layer separation and abstraction/implementation layers—illustrated with diagrams and design‑pattern examples to help architects manage complexity.

Design PatternsScalabilitySoftware Architecture
0 likes · 9 min read
Mastering System Scalability: How to Predict and Handle Change in Architecture
Tencent Architect
Tencent Architect
May 28, 2021 · Cloud Native

Exploring Tencent Cloud Native Database TDSQL-C Architecture and Practices

The presentation at SACC2021 detailed the background, architecture, performance, reliability, and future development directions of Tencent's cloud‑native distributed database TDSQL‑C, highlighting its compute‑storage separation, serverless elasticity, high QPS capability, and advanced fault‑tolerance mechanisms.

ScalabilityTDSQL-Ccloud-native
0 likes · 6 min read
Exploring Tencent Cloud Native Database TDSQL-C Architecture and Practices
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
May 27, 2021 · Backend Development

Can Sharding Alone Scale Your Services? Exploring Unitization for Unlimited Growth

This article analyzes the typical evolution from monolithic to RPC-based services, explains why sharding and database partitioning cannot alone achieve unlimited scaling due to connection limits, and introduces a unitization approach that assigns each application to a specific database shard to overcome those constraints.

BackendScalabilityService Architecture
0 likes · 8 min read
Can Sharding Alone Scale Your Services? Exploring Unitization for Unlimited Growth
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
May 24, 2021 · Operations

Designing a High‑Availability, High‑Performance, Scalable and Secure Web Architecture

This article walks through the evolution and design patterns of large‑scale web systems, covering initial single‑server setups, separation of application and data, caching strategies, server clustering, read‑write separation, CDN and reverse proxy usage, distributed storage, micro‑service decomposition, and essential considerations for performance, availability, scalability, extensibility and security.

Scalabilityarchitecturedistributed-systems
0 likes · 19 min read
Designing a High‑Availability, High‑Performance, Scalable and Secure Web Architecture
Top Architect
Top Architect
May 23, 2021 · Backend Development

Designing High‑Availability, High‑Performance, Scalable and Secure Architecture for Large Websites

This article explains how to build a highly available, high‑performance, easily extensible and secure large‑scale website architecture by evolving from a single‑server setup through application‑data separation, caching, server clustering, read‑write separation, CDN/reverse‑proxy, distributed storage, NoSQL, service decomposition, and various architectural patterns.

Distributed SystemsScalabilityarchitecture
0 likes · 19 min read
Designing High‑Availability, High‑Performance, Scalable and Secure Architecture for Large Websites
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
May 21, 2021 · Backend Development

When Should You Adopt CQRS? Balancing Read and Write Models for Scalable Systems

This article examines how evolving software requirements can lock systems into rigid data models, explains the Command Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) pattern, and outlines when CQRS is beneficial or detrimental, helping architects decide if separating read and write models will improve scalability and maintainability.

CQRSScalabilitySoftware Architecture
0 likes · 8 min read
When Should You Adopt CQRS? Balancing Read and Write Models for Scalable Systems
Sohu Tech Products
Sohu Tech Products
May 19, 2021 · Backend Development

Design Principles and Architecture of Large‑Scale Instant Messaging Systems

This article explores core concepts, ID design, read/write fan-out, push‑pull models, and industry implementations for large‑scale instant messaging systems, discussing trade‑offs in message diffusion, unique identifier strategies, real‑time delivery, ordering, unread counts, multi‑device sync, and deployment considerations.

ID generationInstant MessagingScalability
0 likes · 23 min read
Design Principles and Architecture of Large‑Scale Instant Messaging Systems
Top Architect
Top Architect
May 15, 2021 · Fundamentals

Overview of Software Architecture: Monolithic, Distributed, Microservices, and Serverless

This article introduces the concept of software architecture and compares four major styles—monolithic, distributed, microservices, and serverless—detailing their structures, advantages, disadvantages, and typical use cases, helping developers understand how architectural choices affect scalability, maintainability, and operational complexity.

DistributedScalabilityServerless
0 likes · 12 min read
Overview of Software Architecture: Monolithic, Distributed, Microservices, and Serverless
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
May 15, 2021 · Backend Development

Design and Migration of Zhihu's Read Service: High Availability, Performance, and TiDB Adoption

This article details Zhihu's read‑service architecture, covering its business requirements, high‑availability and high‑performance design goals, key components such as Proxy, Cache and Storage, extensive performance metrics, the migration from MySQL to TiDB, and the benefits brought by TiDB 3.0 features.

Backend ArchitectureScalabilityTiDB
0 likes · 18 min read
Design and Migration of Zhihu's Read Service: High Availability, Performance, and TiDB Adoption
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
May 12, 2021 · Operations

Designing High‑Availability, High‑Performance, Scalable and Secure Web Application Architecture

This article explains how to build a highly available, high‑performance, easily extensible, scalable and secure web application system by describing the evolution of large‑site architectures, common patterns such as layering, clustering, caching, asynchronous processing, and the core architectural factors of performance, availability, scalability, extensibility and security.

Distributed SystemsScalabilityarchitecture
0 likes · 20 min read
Designing High‑Availability, High‑Performance, Scalable and Secure Web Application Architecture
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
May 12, 2021 · Big Data

Can 1.4 Billion Users Fit Into One WeChat Group? A Technical Deep‑Dive

This article explores the technical feasibility of adding all 1.4 billion Chinese internet users to a single WeChat group, analyzing message volume, CPU processing limits, network bandwidth, storage requirements, hardware costs, and human visual constraints to reveal why the idea remains impractical despite theoretical possibilities.

Network BandwidthScalabilityWeChat
0 likes · 11 min read
Can 1.4 Billion Users Fit Into One WeChat Group? A Technical Deep‑Dive
Volcano Engine Developer Services
Volcano Engine Developer Services
May 10, 2021 · Databases

How Distributed Databases Powered Douyin’s Spring Festival Red‑Envelope Event

In a May 15 meetup, ByteDance engineer Ma Haoxiang discussed his background, the culture at ByteDance, recommended resources, and detailed how distributed databases differ from traditional relational databases, highlighting their massive capacity, low cost, high performance, and the specific performance and disaster‑recovery challenges faced during Douyin’s Spring Festival red‑envelope activity.

DouyinScalabilitySpring Festival
0 likes · 7 min read
How Distributed Databases Powered Douyin’s Spring Festival Red‑Envelope Event
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
May 8, 2021 · Fundamentals

Why Understanding Software Architecture Evolution Matters for Developers

This article outlines the evolution of software architecture—from monolithic to distributed, microservice, and serverless models—detailing each pattern’s structure, advantages, and drawbacks, helping developers understand how architectural choices impact scalability, maintenance, and innovation in modern software projects.

Distributed SystemsMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 12 min read
Why Understanding Software Architecture Evolution Matters for Developers
Top Architect
Top Architect
May 7, 2021 · Backend Development

Evolution of Taobao Backend Architecture: From Single‑Server Deployment to Cloud‑Native Microservices

This article uses Taobao's backend as a case study to illustrate how a system evolves from a single‑server setup to a highly available, horizontally scalable architecture through stages such as separating Tomcat and database, adding caching, introducing load balancers, read/write splitting, sharding, microservices, ESB, containerization, and finally cloud‑native deployment, while summarizing key design principles.

Distributed SystemsScalabilitycloud computing
0 likes · 18 min read
Evolution of Taobao Backend Architecture: From Single‑Server Deployment to Cloud‑Native Microservices
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
May 7, 2021 · Industry Insights

How to Design a Scalable, High‑Performance Distributed E‑Commerce Architecture

This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of large‑scale distributed website architecture, covering characteristics, goals, common patterns, high‑performance and high‑availability designs, scalability, extensibility, security, agility, a seven‑layer reference model, and the evolutionary steps of modern e‑commerce systems.

Distributed SystemsMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 26 min read
How to Design a Scalable, High‑Performance Distributed E‑Commerce Architecture
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
May 6, 2021 · Industry Insights

Designing High‑Performance, Highly‑Available Large‑Scale Web Architectures

This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of large‑scale distributed website architecture, covering characteristics, goals, common patterns, high‑performance and high‑availability designs, scalability, extensibility, security, agility, a seven‑layer reference model, and a detailed e‑commerce case study with practical optimization steps.

Distributed SystemsScalabilitycaching
0 likes · 26 min read
Designing High‑Performance, Highly‑Available Large‑Scale Web Architectures
Architecture Talk
Architecture Talk
May 6, 2021 · Cloud Computing

How Netflix Scales Global Video Streaming with AWS and Microservices

This article examines Netflix's massive video‑streaming platform, detailing its migration to AWS, micro‑service architecture, client‑backend‑CDN components, playback flow, design goals such as high availability and low latency, trade‑offs, resilience techniques, and scalability mechanisms that support millions of users worldwide.

AWSMicroservicesNetflix architecture
0 likes · 22 min read
How Netflix Scales Global Video Streaming with AWS and Microservices
Top Architect
Top Architect
May 5, 2021 · Backend Development

Technical Summary of Large-Scale Distributed Website Architecture

This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of large-scale distributed website architecture, covering characteristics, design goals, layered patterns, performance and high‑availability optimizations, scalability, extensibility, security measures, agile practices, and the evolutionary steps of e‑commerce systems.

Distributed SystemsScalability
0 likes · 22 min read
Technical Summary of Large-Scale Distributed Website Architecture
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
May 4, 2021 · Backend Development

Technical Summary of Large‑Scale Distributed Website Architecture

This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of large‑scale distributed website architecture, covering characteristics, design goals, architectural patterns, performance, high availability, scalability, extensibility, security, agility, evolution stages, and a detailed e‑commerce case study.

Scalabilitycachinghigh availability
0 likes · 24 min read
Technical Summary of Large‑Scale Distributed Website Architecture
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
May 4, 2021 · Cloud Computing

How Taobao Scaled from LAMP to Cloud: Architecture Evolution & Migration Lessons

From its 2003 LAMP beginnings to a modern cloud-native stack, Taobao’s architecture journey illustrates how the platform tackled rapid growth, adopted Oracle, Java, distributed caching, CDN, and ultimately migrated to Alibaba Cloud services, offering practical best‑practice insights for large‑scale e‑commerce systems.

Scalabilityarchitecturecloud computing
0 likes · 11 min read
How Taobao Scaled from LAMP to Cloud: Architecture Evolution & Migration Lessons
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Apr 26, 2021 · Backend Development

How Ctrip Built Hermes: A Deep Dive into Scalable Message Queue Architecture

This article examines Ctrip’s Hermes messaging system, tracing its evolution from a simple Mongo‑based queue to a broker‑centric, MySQL/Kafka hybrid architecture, and explains the design choices, performance optimizations, cluster management via lease‑based meta‑server, and lessons learned for building high‑throughput, low‑latency MQ solutions.

CtripDistributed SystemsHermes
0 likes · 22 min read
How Ctrip Built Hermes: A Deep Dive into Scalable Message Queue Architecture
UCloud Tech
UCloud Tech
Apr 22, 2021 · Cloud Computing

How Hybrid Cloud Architecture Extends Compute, Storage, and Security

This article explains why many enterprises still rely on on‑premise data centers, introduces three hybrid‑cloud deployment models, and provides detailed solutions for extending computing power, storage backup, security protection, new product capabilities, and smooth business migration using a hybrid cloud approach.

InfrastructureScalabilityUCloud
0 likes · 19 min read
How Hybrid Cloud Architecture Extends Compute, Storage, and Security
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Apr 17, 2021 · Backend Development

Domain‑Oriented Microservice Architecture (DOMA) at Uber: Design, Benefits, and Practical Guidance

This article explains Uber’s Domain‑Oriented Microservice Architecture (DOMA), describing why the company adopted it, how domains, layer design, gateways and extensions are organized, the operational benefits achieved, and practical advice for companies of different sizes considering a similar evolution.

Backend EngineeringMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 18 min read
Domain‑Oriented Microservice Architecture (DOMA) at Uber: Design, Benefits, and Practical Guidance
Wukong Talks Architecture
Wukong Talks Architecture
Apr 6, 2021 · Databases

When and How to Apply Database Sharding (Split Database and Tables)

This article explains the signs that indicate a need for database sharding, outlines performance bottlenecks, presents optimization techniques such as SQL tuning, table redesign, read‑write separation, and then details vertical and horizontal splitting strategies, their implementation across single or multiple databases, and the added complexities like cross‑database joins, distributed transactions, and ID generation.

Scalabilitysharding
0 likes · 12 min read
When and How to Apply Database Sharding (Split Database and Tables)
Architects Research Society
Architects Research Society
Mar 29, 2021 · Operations

eBay’s Scalability Best Practices: Functional Partitioning, Horizontal Sharding, Asynchronous Decoupling, and More

The article outlines eBay’s practical scalability principles—including functional partitioning, horizontal sharding, avoiding distributed transactions, aggressive asynchronous decoupling, moving work to async pipelines, virtualization, and intelligent caching—demonstrating how large‑scale web systems can be designed for linear growth and high availability.

AsynchronousDistributed SystemsScalability
0 likes · 14 min read
eBay’s Scalability Best Practices: Functional Partitioning, Horizontal Sharding, Asynchronous Decoupling, and More
Intelligent Backend & Architecture
Intelligent Backend & Architecture
Mar 29, 2021 · Backend Development

How to Become a Qualified Web Architect: Skills, Roles, and Learning Path

This article explores what a web architect is, the core value they bring to software projects, and the extensive technical, analytical, and communication skills required—including coding mastery, system design, database and operations knowledge, and continuous learning—to guide developers on a practical roadmap toward becoming a competent web architect.

Scalabilitycontinuous learningperformance
0 likes · 13 min read
How to Become a Qualified Web Architect: Skills, Roles, and Learning Path
macrozheng
macrozheng
Mar 29, 2021 · Backend Development

Why Simple CRUD Apps Need Distributed Systems: From Scaling to CAP Theory

From a simple CRUD application to a robust distributed architecture, this article explains why vertical scaling hits limits, how horizontal scaling and system partitioning work, the goals of transparency, scalability and reliability, and key concepts such as sharding, load balancing, CAP and BASE theories.

Backend ArchitectureCAP theoremScalability
0 likes · 20 min read
Why Simple CRUD Apps Need Distributed Systems: From Scaling to CAP Theory
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Mar 27, 2021 · Big Data

Kuaishou's HDFS Architecture, Scale, Challenges, and Practices

This article presents an in‑depth technical overview of Kuaishou's massive HDFS deployment, detailing its architecture, petabyte‑scale data and thousands‑of‑node clusters, the key scalability challenges faced, and the custom solutions—including FixedOrder, RBF balancer, observer read, slow‑node mitigation, and tiered protection—implemented to keep the system performant and reliable.

Big DataHDFSKuaishou
0 likes · 12 min read
Kuaishou's HDFS Architecture, Scale, Challenges, and Practices
Sohu Tech Products
Sohu Tech Products
Mar 24, 2021 · Backend Development

The Essence of Architecture: Insights from Large‑Scale Systems like Weibo

This article explores the fundamental principles of system architecture, illustrating how large‑scale services such as Uber and Weibo handle massive traffic through strategic abstraction, modularization, performance optimization, multi‑level caching, distributed tracing, and operational best practices to achieve scalability and reliability.

Distributed SystemsScalabilityarchitecture
0 likes · 21 min read
The Essence of Architecture: Insights from Large‑Scale Systems like Weibo
Baidu Geek Talk
Baidu Geek Talk
Mar 24, 2021 · Backend Development

How Baidu Scales Live‑Stream Messaging to Millions of Users

This article analyzes Baidu's live‑stream messaging system, compares it with ordinary group chat, identifies scalability challenges, proposes a multicast (mcast) architecture, evaluates performance, bandwidth, and client impact, and outlines further enhancements such as historical and gift messages.

Backend ArchitectureScalabilitylive streaming
0 likes · 29 min read
How Baidu Scales Live‑Stream Messaging to Millions of Users
21CTO
21CTO
Mar 24, 2021 · Backend Development

How Uber’s Domain‑Oriented Microservice Architecture Reduces Complexity

Uber’s Domain‑Oriented Microservice Architecture (DOMA) tackles the growing complexity of large‑scale microservice systems by organizing services into domains, layers, and gateways, offering improved reliability, clearer ownership, and faster development, while providing practical guidance for teams adopting similar architectures.

Domain-Driven DesignMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 19 min read
How Uber’s Domain‑Oriented Microservice Architecture Reduces Complexity
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Mar 21, 2021 · Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing Reference Architecture and Design Considerations

The article presents a comprehensive cloud computing reference architecture, illustrating private and hybrid cloud designs, discussing platform choices, storage solutions, scalability, elasticity, and key considerations such as availability, manageability, and feasibility for building robust, cost‑effective systems.

Scalabilityarchitecturecloud computing
0 likes · 6 min read
Cloud Computing Reference Architecture and Design Considerations
Top Architect
Top Architect
Mar 20, 2021 · Backend Development

Scaling Cache Infrastructure at Pinterest

This article provides an in‑depth technical overview of how Pinterest scales its distributed cache layer using Memcached and Mcrouter on AWS, covering architecture, performance, high availability, load balancing, trade‑offs, and future directions.

AWSDistributed SystemsMemcached
0 likes · 16 min read
Scaling Cache Infrastructure at Pinterest
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Mar 12, 2021 · Backend Development

How Ximalaya Scaled Its Gateway to 200 B Calls: Async Netty Architecture Lessons

This article details Ximalaya's evolution from a Tomcat‑based gateway to a fully asynchronous Netty implementation, covering architectural redesign, performance bottlenecks, traffic management features, connection‑pool handling, timeout mechanisms, monitoring, and future plans for HTTP/2 and cloud‑native stability.

AsynchronousScalabilitygateway
0 likes · 16 min read
How Ximalaya Scaled Its Gateway to 200 B Calls: Async Netty Architecture Lessons
TAL Education Technology
TAL Education Technology
Mar 11, 2021 · Backend Development

Evolution of a Call Platform's System Architecture: From Monolith to Service Splitting, Governance, Horizontal Scaling, Distributed Databases, and Microservices

The article outlines how a call platform’s architecture progressed through successive stages—starting with a monolithic design, then business service splitting, service governance and isolated deployment, horizontal scaling, distributed database sharding, and finally micro‑service adoption—highlighting the problems each evolution solved and the new challenges introduced.

MicroservicesScalabilityService Splitting
0 likes · 13 min read
Evolution of a Call Platform's System Architecture: From Monolith to Service Splitting, Governance, Horizontal Scaling, Distributed Databases, and Microservices
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Mar 9, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding the Essence of Architecture and Scaling Strategies for Billion‑User Systems

This article explores the fundamental concepts of system architecture, illustrating how large‑scale services like Weibo handle massive traffic through layered design, sharding, caching, service decomposition, monitoring, and operational practices to achieve high performance and reliability.

Distributed SystemsMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 20 min read
Understanding the Essence of Architecture and Scaling Strategies for Billion‑User Systems
WeChat Backend Team
WeChat Backend Team
Mar 6, 2021 · Backend Development

How We Scaled a Live Chatroom to 15 Million Concurrent Users

This article details the evolution of a WeChat live‑room chat component from its 1.0 high‑performance design to a 2.0 architecture that overcomes scalability, reliability, and traffic‑isolation challenges, enabling a single room to support up to 15 million simultaneous online users.

ChatroomDistributed SystemsHyperLogLog
0 likes · 13 min read
How We Scaled a Live Chatroom to 15 Million Concurrent Users
JD Cloud Developers
JD Cloud Developers
Mar 5, 2021 · Databases

How Transparent Sharding Middleware Powers NewSQL: Core Functions Explained

This article explains the fundamentals of transparent sharding middleware in NewSQL systems, covering data partitioning strategies, read/write separation, the complete SQL processing pipeline, protocol adaptation for MySQL/PostgreSQL, distributed transaction models such as XA, Saga and TCC, and essential database governance and online scaling techniques.

Database GovernanceDatabase MiddlewareDistributed Transactions
0 likes · 28 min read
How Transparent Sharding Middleware Powers NewSQL: Core Functions Explained
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Mar 3, 2021 · Backend Development

Understanding the Essence of Architecture: Insights from Weibo’s Large‑Scale System Design

This article explores the fundamental principles of system architecture by analyzing Weibo’s evolution to a multi‑layer, high‑traffic platform, covering scalability, service decomposition, caching strategies, distributed tracing, and operational best practices for building robust backend systems.

ScalabilityWeibocaching
0 likes · 21 min read
Understanding the Essence of Architecture: Insights from Weibo’s Large‑Scale System Design
ITPUB
ITPUB
Mar 1, 2021 · Databases

Designing a Scalable Comment Service: Vivo’s MongoDB Architecture Deep Dive

This article details Vivo's journey in building a company‑wide comment platform, explaining why MongoDB was chosen over MySQL, how its sharded cluster is structured, the challenges of shard‑key selection, and the practical steps taken to scale and maintain the system.

Cluster ArchitectureComment SystemDatabase design
0 likes · 10 min read
Designing a Scalable Comment Service: Vivo’s MongoDB Architecture Deep Dive
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Feb 16, 2021 · Backend Development

How We Rescued a Live‑Streaming Service from 404 Crashes: Real‑World Performance Optimization Strategies

This article walks through the root causes of a live‑streaming outage caused by traffic spikes, explains core performance metrics such as response time and concurrency, and details a systematic set of optimizations—including timeout tuning, caching, fallback, retry policies, parallel processing, and API redesign—that restored system stability and improved latency.

BackendScalabilityoptimization
0 likes · 16 min read
How We Rescued a Live‑Streaming Service from 404 Crashes: Real‑World Performance Optimization Strategies
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Feb 15, 2021 · Industry Insights

How Taobao Scaled from LAMP to Cloud‑Native: Architecture Evolution and Migration Best Practices

The article traces Taobao’s architectural journey from its early LAMP stack through Oracle‑IBM mainframe solutions to a cloud‑native design on Alibaba Cloud, highlighting the challenges of availability, consistency, performance and scalability, and presenting concrete migration best‑practice patterns such as CDN, distributed caching, service‑oriented decomposition, and database sharding.

Distributed SystemsScalabilityTaobao
0 likes · 12 min read
How Taobao Scaled from LAMP to Cloud‑Native: Architecture Evolution and Migration Best Practices
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Feb 9, 2021 · Databases

How to Design Scalable Databases and Application Layers for Business Systems

This article explains how to achieve extensibility in business systems by addressing database scalability through horizontal and vertical sharding, middleware layers, flexible schema designs, and by applying SOA principles to application, interface, and rule‑engine layers for adaptable, high‑performance architectures.

SOAScalabilityapplication design
0 likes · 14 min read
How to Design Scalable Databases and Application Layers for Business Systems
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Feb 1, 2021 · Databases

Comparing NewSQL Distributed Databases with Middleware‑Based Sharding: Advantages, Trade‑offs, and Application Scenarios

This article objectively compares NewSQL distributed databases with traditional middleware‑plus‑sharding solutions, examining their architectural differences, distributed transaction handling, high‑availability mechanisms, scaling and sharding strategies, SQL support, storage engines, and maturity to help practitioners decide which approach best fits their workload and operational constraints.

Database ArchitectureNewSQLScalability
0 likes · 17 min read
Comparing NewSQL Distributed Databases with Middleware‑Based Sharding: Advantages, Trade‑offs, and Application Scenarios
21CTO
21CTO
Jan 28, 2021 · Backend Development

From Single Server to Cloud‑Native: Taobao’s 14‑Step Architecture Evolution

This article traces Taobao's backend architecture evolution—from a single‑server setup to distributed clusters, caching, load balancing, database sharding, microservices, containerization, and finally cloud‑native deployment—highlighting the technologies and design principles that enable scaling from hundreds to millions of concurrent users.

Backend ArchitectureCloud NativeDistributed Systems
0 likes · 22 min read
From Single Server to Cloud‑Native: Taobao’s 14‑Step Architecture Evolution
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jan 27, 2021 · Backend Development

Evolution of Server‑Side Architecture from Single Machine to Cloud‑Native Scale

This article outlines the step‑by‑step evolution of a high‑traffic server architecture—from a single‑machine deployment to distributed clusters, caching, load balancing, database sharding, microservices, containerization, and cloud platforms—highlighting the technologies involved at each stage and summarizing key design principles for scalable, highly available systems.

Backend ArchitectureMicroservicesScalability
0 likes · 18 min read
Evolution of Server‑Side Architecture from Single Machine to Cloud‑Native Scale
Didi Tech
Didi Tech
Jan 27, 2021 · Artificial Intelligence

Addressing Uncertainty in Autonomous Driving: Data‑Driven Control Module Strategies

The article proposes a three‑layer, data‑driven framework—problem analysis using massive fleet data, iterative deep‑learning algorithm development with fallback and explainable‑AI safeguards, and systematic validation via simulation and real‑world tests—to mitigate perception, prediction, and control uncertainties and advance trustworthy autonomous‑driving control systems.

Data-drivenScalabilitycontrol
0 likes · 12 min read
Addressing Uncertainty in Autonomous Driving: Data‑Driven Control Module Strategies
Laravel Tech Community
Laravel Tech Community
Jan 26, 2021 · Backend Development

Engineering the Bifrost WebSocket Gateway at Postman: Architecture, Scaling, and Lessons Learned

The article recounts how Postman's Service Foundation team identified the limitations of the monolithic Sync service, designed and built the Bifrost WebSocket gateway using Fastify, AWS ElastiCache for Redis, and a private API, and scaled it through horizontal expansion and custom load‑factor metrics while sharing practical engineering insights.

AWSBackend ArchitectureFastify
0 likes · 12 min read
Engineering the Bifrost WebSocket Gateway at Postman: Architecture, Scaling, and Lessons Learned
21CTO
21CTO
Jan 26, 2021 · Fundamentals

Mastering the 21 Essential Software Architecture Characteristics

This article explains the twenty‑one key non‑functional characteristics of software architecture—such as performance, reliability, scalability, security and maintainability—detailing their definitions, typical metrics, and practical techniques for improvement, while linking each trait to ISO‑25010 and real‑world engineering practices.

DevOpsNon-functional RequirementsReliability
0 likes · 20 min read
Mastering the 21 Essential Software Architecture Characteristics
Top Architect
Top Architect
Jan 26, 2021 · Fundamentals

Key Software Architecture Characteristics and Techniques to Improve Them

This article explains the most important non‑functional characteristics of software architecture—such as performance, reliability, availability, resilience, scalability, security, and many others—and provides practical techniques and best‑practice recommendations for enhancing each of these qualities in modern systems.

Non-functional RequirementsScalabilitysecurity
0 likes · 18 min read
Key Software Architecture Characteristics and Techniques to Improve Them
iQIYI Technical Product Team
iQIYI Technical Product Team
Jan 15, 2021 · Operations

IQ运营位: A Unified Operational Configuration Platform for iQiyi Overseas App

IQ运营位 is a unified operational configuration platform for iQiyi’s overseas app that replaces costly, slow, inflexible marketing resource management with JSON‑modeled, versioned data stored across Redis caches, SDK‑driven client caching, and layered services, cutting deployment time to under five minutes while improving stability and scalability.

Data ManagementIQ运营位Operational Configuration
0 likes · 13 min read
IQ运营位: A Unified Operational Configuration Platform for iQiyi Overseas App
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Jan 14, 2021 · Backend Development

When to Merge Microservices Back into a Monolith: Balancing Technical and Organizational Concerns

The article argues that merging microservices back into a monolith can be justified when service boundaries no longer align with team structures, emphasizing that microservices address both technical load and people‑organization problems, and that the right size of a service depends on context rather than the misleading notion of "micro".

Conway's lawScalabilityTeam Organization
0 likes · 11 min read
When to Merge Microservices Back into a Monolith: Balancing Technical and Organizational Concerns