Sharing over a decade of architecture experience from Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent.
The article analyzes why payment systems require far higher transactions‑per‑second than typical web apps, outlines the challenges of distributed transactions under high load, and classifies TPS levels—from 1,000 daily to over 300,000—as benchmarks, citing Alipay’s Double 11 peak as an ultra‑high example.
The article explains how Redis attains up to 500,000 queries per second on a single node by leveraging ultra‑fast in‑memory access, a single‑threaded core for data operations, and epoll‑based I/O multiplexing that eliminates per‑connection thread overhead.
The article explains that Nginx’s maximum concurrent connections are not a fixed number but are calculated from the worker_processes and worker_connections settings and are ultimately limited by the operating system’s file‑descriptor (ulimit) limits, providing formulas, an example configuration, and commands to verify the limits.
The article breaks down Docker’s essential kernel features—Namespaces for isolation, Cgroups for resource limits, UnionFS for layered copy‑on‑write filesystems, and Capabilities for fine‑grained privilege control—illustrating each with clear explanations and a practical command example.
This article explains how MySQL master‑slave replication works, covering its role in high‑availability and read/write separation, the responsibilities of the master and slave servers, the IO and SQL threads, common replication topologies, and the step‑by‑step data flow from binlog to relay log.
This article provides a thorough walkthrough of Redis configuration, covering the location of the redis.conf file, how to list all settings with CONFIG GET *, modify parameters via CONFIG SET, and detailed explanations of common options such as bind address, port, timeout, log level, database count, daemonization, log file, client limits, memory limits, persistence settings, replication, and password protection, each illustrated with concrete command examples.
Redis achieves million‑level concurrency by keeping all data in RAM, using epoll/kqueue for non‑blocking I/O, employing highly optimized data structures with O(1) or O(log N) operations, and evolving from a single‑threaded core to optional multi‑threaded I/O, boosting throughput up to 12×.
This article examines four core microservice design approaches—data sharing, aggregation, proxy, and asynchronous messaging—detailing their advantages, drawbacks, and ideal scenarios to help architects choose the right pattern for large‑scale systems.
This article provides a detailed technical overview of Spring Cloud Gateway, covering its role as a second‑generation API gateway built on Spring 5, WebFlux, and Reactor, its core responsibilities, architectural placement, key concepts like routes, predicates and filters, the request processing flow, and a concrete YAML configuration example.
This article explains how Nginx static‑dynamic separation works, why it boosts performance, the core design principles, typical deployment architectures, and provides a complete configuration example with caching and rate‑limiting to dramatically reduce backend load.
