Sharing over a decade of architecture experience from Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent.
This guide explains how to maximize Nginx concurrency by configuring four key parameters—worker_processes, worker_connections, keepalive_timeout, and keepalive_requests—plus three I/O optimizations (sendfile, tcp_nopush, tcp_nodelay), and discusses related OS tuning for real‑world performance in production.
This article outlines four common microservice deployment approaches—single‑machine multi‑process, containerized deployment with Docker/Kubernetes, serverless functions, and service‑mesh architecture—detailing their advantages, limitations, and suitable scenarios for each method.
This article explains why Redis cache penetration occurs and presents four practical mitigation techniques—using a Bloom filter, caching placeholder values, pre‑warming hot keys, and applying authentication with rate‑limiting—to protect backend performance and database stability.
This guide explains what constitutes high concurrency for Kafka, presents throughput benchmarks, and provides detailed broker‑level configuration tips—including partition planning, producer batching, storage optimization, and zero‑copy settings—to achieve scalable, low‑latency message processing.
This article explains the principle of Nginx static‑dynamic separation, describes its layered architecture, request routing flow, and key optimization techniques such as caching, compression, load balancing, security limits, and monitoring to dramatically improve overall system performance.
This article explains Redis master‑slave replication, detailing the full synchronization process that creates an RDB snapshot and streams buffered writes, as well as the incremental synchronization that resumes after a disconnection using PSYNC and the replication backlog.
This guide explains how to break a monolithic system into independent microservices, apply vertical and horizontal data sharding, and implement rate limiting, circuit breaking, and degradation to sustain millions of concurrent requests while keeping the backend stable and scalable.
This article explains the core concepts of Nginx caching, including cache types, the four-step caching workflow, and four essential configuration techniques to maximize performance and stability in high‑traffic backend systems.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Docker, explaining its lightweight container model, client‑server architecture, key Linux kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups, image layering, networking, and the three‑stage process of building, distributing, and running containers.
This article explains what a cache avalanche is, why it occurs in distributed systems, and presents four practical mitigation techniques—including randomized TTL, mutex locks, proactive pre‑warming, and rate‑limiting/circuit‑breaking—to keep backend services stable under sudden load spikes.
