Sharing over a decade of architecture experience from Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent.
This article breaks down Redis performance limits, showing that a single node can handle roughly 100‑200k simple GET/SET QPS and up to 500‑700k with multithreaded I/O, while sharded clusters can theoretically reach millions of QPS, though practical factors affect the actual throughput.
This article explains the two main load‑balancing layers (L4 and L7) and compares three popular solutions—Nginx, LVS, and HAProxy—detailing their operating principles, strengths, typical use cases, and a quick recommendation for selecting the appropriate balancer based on traffic volume and stability needs.
This article breaks down Kafka's high‑throughput design by detailing how partitioning enables parallelism, sequential disk writes and zero‑copy reduce I/O overhead, and OS page cache maximizes memory efficiency, together allowing millions of messages per second.
This article provides a comprehensive, step‑by‑step explanation of Kubernetes (K8s) architecture and operation, covering the control plane components, node components, data flow, and the detailed workflow from a kubectl command to a running pod, illustrated with diagrams and ASCII schematics.
This article explains how to build a highly available Nginx deployment using a master‑slave architecture combined with Keepalived, detailing the role of virtual IPs, the failover mechanism, and the step‑by‑step process that ensures 99.99% uptime.
This article explains Nginx reverse proxy fundamentals, compares forward and reverse proxy concepts, outlines a typical three‑layer architecture, and provides a complete configuration example that demonstrates upstream definition, request forwarding, and header preservation for backend services.
This guide provides a comprehensive, step‑by‑step reference of Docker CLI commands covering image management, container lifecycle, debugging, volume handling, network configuration, import/export operations, and system maintenance, complete with usage examples and key options.
This article explains practical strategies to avoid duplicate message consumption in Kafka, covering business idempotency with unique IDs, database or Redis deduplication tables, enabling producer idempotence, consumer-side checks, and Kafka's transaction-based exactly‑once semantics, along with their trade‑offs and suitable scenarios.
This guide presents practical MySQL optimization techniques—including SQL and index refinement, InnoDB and connection parameter tuning, cache layer integration, and architectural scaling with read‑write splitting and sharding—to dramatically increase query throughput and reduce latency.
This article explains how Kafka leverages sequential disk I/O, zero‑copy data transfer, OS page cache, and partition‑based parallelism to deliver massive throughput, detailing the underlying mechanisms, performance numbers, and a practical formula for estimating total system capacity.
