BestHub
Sign in
Tagged articles

backend-architecture

957 articles · Page 3 of 10
Lobster Programming
Lobster Programming
Apr 23, 2024 · Backend Development

Comparing Distributed Transaction Strategies: Local Messages, RocketMQ, and Seata (AT & TCC)

This article compares four distributed transaction solutions—local message tables, RocketMQ transactional messages, Seata AT mode, and Seata TCC mode—detailing their advantages, limitations, workflow phases, and common exception‑handling techniques for ensuring data consistency across services.

RocketMQSeataTransactional Messaging
0 likes · 6 min read
Comparing Distributed Transaction Strategies: Local Messages, RocketMQ, and Seata (AT & TCC)
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Apr 21, 2024 · Backend Development

How to Ensure Reliability, Ordering, and Security in Billion‑User IM Systems

This article explores the key challenges of building a large‑scale instant‑messaging service—including message reliability, ordering, read‑sync, data security, avalanche effects, and weak‑network handling—and presents practical architectural and algorithmic solutions for each problem.

Data SecurityInstant MessagingMessage Ordering
0 likes · 21 min read
How to Ensure Reliability, Ordering, and Security in Billion‑User IM Systems
21CTO
21CTO
Apr 20, 2024 · Backend Development

API Gateway vs Load Balancer vs Reverse Proxy: Which Should You Use?

This article explains the roles, differences, and use‑cases of API gateways, load balancers, and reverse proxies, covering real‑world analogies, types, algorithms, advantages, disadvantages, and practical product examples to help you choose the right component for modern web architectures.

API GatewayLoad BalancerReverse Proxy
0 likes · 14 min read
API Gateway vs Load Balancer vs Reverse Proxy: Which Should You Use?
Bilibili Tech
Bilibili Tech
Apr 12, 2024 · Backend Development

Design and Optimization of a High‑Throughput Long‑Connection Service for Live Streaming

The article details a Golang‑based high‑throughput long‑connection service for live‑streaming, describing its five‑layer architecture, multi‑protocol support, load‑balancing, message‑queue decoupling, aggregation with brotli compression, multi‑region deployment, priority channels, and future enhancements for observability and intelligent endpoint selection.

Streamingbackend-architecturegolang
0 likes · 16 min read
Design and Optimization of a High‑Throughput Long‑Connection Service for Live Streaming
Architect
Architect
Apr 11, 2024 · Backend Development

How WeChat Achieves Real‑Time, Lossless Messaging: Architecture Deep Dive

This article dissects WeChat's early message‑sending and receiving architecture, explaining how the system meets real‑time delivery and no‑loss guarantees through a multi‑stage server pipeline, push notifications, and a sequence‑based acknowledgment mechanism, illustrated with concrete flow diagrams and numeric examples.

Real-time DeliveryReliabilitySequence Mechanism
0 likes · 11 min read
How WeChat Achieves Real‑Time, Lossless Messaging: Architecture Deep Dive
Architect
Architect
Apr 10, 2024 · Backend Development

How an API Layer Fixed Our Supply‑Chain Microservice Chaos

The article examines a complex supply‑chain system built on Spring Cloud, identifies issues with interface placement and tangled service dependencies, proposes an intermediate API layer and later a BFF pattern, and evaluates the trade‑offs, implementation details, and remaining challenges of these architectural changes.

API LayerBFFMicroservices
0 likes · 13 min read
How an API Layer Fixed Our Supply‑Chain Microservice Chaos
Architect
Architect
Apr 9, 2024 · Backend Development

Microservice Architecture Design Patterns: Overview, Benefits, Drawbacks, and Usage Guidelines

This article provides a comprehensive overview of microservice architecture, detailing its definition, key characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and presenting ten essential design patterns—including database per service, event sourcing, CQRS, Saga, BFF, API gateway, Strangler, circuit breaker, externalized configuration, and consumer‑driven contract testing—along with their pros, cons, and appropriate scenarios.

Microservicesbackend-architecturedesign patterns
0 likes · 29 min read
Microservice Architecture Design Patterns: Overview, Benefits, Drawbacks, and Usage Guidelines
ITPUB
ITPUB
Apr 1, 2024 · Backend Development

How WeChat Achieved Real‑Time, Lossless Messaging: Inside Its Early Architecture

An in‑depth look at WeChat’s early messaging system reveals how its backend architecture—comprising ConnectSvr, SendSvr, PushSvr, and a sequence‑based loss‑prevention mechanism—ensured near‑real‑time delivery and prevented message loss, even under weak network conditions.

Real-time DeliverySequenceWeChat
0 likes · 10 min read
How WeChat Achieved Real‑Time, Lossless Messaging: Inside Its Early Architecture
Architect
Architect
Mar 30, 2024 · Backend Development

11 Ways to Auto-Close Expired Orders: From Passive to Distributed Queues

The article systematically compares eleven technical approaches for automatically closing expired e‑commerce orders, detailing each method’s implementation steps, trade‑offs, performance characteristics, and ideal deployment scenarios, and finally ranks them to guide practical selection.

Distributed SchedulingMessage QueueOrder Timeout
0 likes · 19 min read
11 Ways to Auto-Close Expired Orders: From Passive to Distributed Queues
Sanyou's Java Diary
Sanyou's Java Diary
Mar 14, 2024 · Backend Development

Mastering Order Auto‑Cancellation: Timers, Queues, and Distributed Schedulers

This article examines practical strategies for automatically canceling unpaid orders, comparing simple timer‑based polling, cluster‑ready schedulers like Quartz, Elastic‑Job, and XXL‑JOB, as well as delayed‑message approaches using RocketMQ and Redis, and offers best‑practice guidelines for concurrency, monitoring, and fault tolerance.

Distributed SchedulerOrder CancellationTask scheduling
0 likes · 16 min read
Mastering Order Auto‑Cancellation: Timers, Queues, and Distributed Schedulers
JavaEdge
JavaEdge
Feb 19, 2024 · Backend Development

Designing a Scalable Customer Service Solution Platform: Architecture, Workflow Engine, and Resource Engine

This article outlines the design of a unified solution platform for customer service, detailing the separation of dynamic workflows and static knowledge bases, the architecture of a custom process engine, and a resource engine for API integration, while highlighting implementation challenges and future automation goals.

Workflow Enginebackend-architecturecustomer service
0 likes · 16 min read
Designing a Scalable Customer Service Solution Platform: Architecture, Workflow Engine, and Resource Engine
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Feb 16, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

Design and Application of Kuaishou's Dragonfly Strategy Engine Framework

This article explains how Kuaishou tackled the growing complexity of its recommendation system by developing the Dragonfly strategy engine framework, detailing the challenges, architectural abstractions, DSL-based workflow composition, data handling, ecosystem tools, and future development plans.

KuaishouStrategy Enginebackend-architecture
0 likes · 19 min read
Design and Application of Kuaishou's Dragonfly Strategy Engine Framework
JavaEdge
JavaEdge
Feb 7, 2024 · Backend Development

Designing a High‑Availability Payment System: Flow, Optimization, and Fault Tolerance

This article details the end‑to‑end design of a payment system, covering transaction flow, horizontal and vertical pre‑optimizations, task scheduling, sharding strategies, data structures, high‑availability mechanisms such as channel isolation and Hystrix, and future planning for dynamic scaling and intelligent routing.

Elastic-JobHigh AvailabilityHystrix
0 likes · 12 min read
Designing a High‑Availability Payment System: Flow, Optimization, and Fault Tolerance
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Feb 6, 2024 · Backend Development

Domain‑Driven Design and Architecture for a Restaurant System: From Domain Modeling to Microservices

This article presents a comprehensive case study of applying domain‑driven design, layered architecture, and microservice decomposition to a restaurant scenario, detailing domain analysis, modeling, upstream‑downstream relationships, architectural mapping, and functional design to guide backend developers in building maintainable systems.

DDDDomain ModelingMicroservices
0 likes · 17 min read
Domain‑Driven Design and Architecture for a Restaurant System: From Domain Modeling to Microservices
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Feb 3, 2024 · Operations

How to Build a 100% High‑Availability Membership System with ES, Redis, and MySQL

This article details the design and implementation of a highly available membership system that handles billions of users and peak traffic of over 20,000 TPS, covering Elasticsearch dual‑center master‑slave clusters, traffic‑isolated three‑cluster architecture, Redis caching with distributed locks, and dual‑center MySQL partitioning.

ElasticsearchRedisbackend-architecture
0 likes · 20 min read
How to Build a 100% High‑Availability Membership System with ES, Redis, and MySQL
21CTO
21CTO
Jan 28, 2024 · Backend Development

How PayPal Processed Billions Daily with 8 VMs Using Go Actors

This article explores how PayPal achieved the processing of billions of daily transactions using only eight virtual machines by adopting an actor‑model architecture built with Go, detailing the underlying challenges, network and resource optimizations, and providing a complete Go code example.

GoPayPalactor-model
0 likes · 11 min read
How PayPal Processed Billions Daily with 8 VMs Using Go Actors
Architecture & Thinking
Architecture & Thinking
Jan 28, 2024 · Backend Development

How Baidu’s Unified Long‑Connection Service Scales Millions of Real‑Time Connections

This article details Baidu’s internally built unified long‑connection service in Go, covering its motivation, architecture, functional implementation, performance optimizations, multi‑business support, deployment strategy, and lessons learned for delivering secure, high‑concurrency, low‑latency real‑time connectivity across mobile applications.

High concurrencybackend-architecturegolang
0 likes · 21 min read
How Baidu’s Unified Long‑Connection Service Scales Millions of Real‑Time Connections
Baidu Geek Talk
Baidu Geek Talk
Jan 22, 2024 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of Baidu's Unified Long‑Connection Service

Baidu’s Go‑based unified long‑connection service delivers secure, high‑concurrency, low‑latency connections for multiple Baidu apps through a four‑layer architecture (SDK, control, access, routing), employing goroutine pooling, two‑layer connection models and binary routing to support tens of millions of concurrent users and million‑level QPS, while simplifying integration and reducing maintenance costs.

High concurrencybackend-architecturedistributed systems
0 likes · 21 min read
Design and Implementation of Baidu's Unified Long‑Connection Service
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
Jan 17, 2024 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a Gray Release System for Microservices

This article explains the concept, architecture, strategy configuration, and execution mechanisms of a gray (canary) release system for microservices, covering simple designs, Nginx and gateway implementations, and complex multi‑service and database scenarios with practical code snippets.

Canary DeploymentNGINXStrategy
0 likes · 7 min read
Design and Implementation of a Gray Release System for Microservices
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jan 5, 2024 · Operations

Master the ‘Three Highs’: Availability, Throughput, and Scalability in System Design

This article explains the essential "three high" goals of system design—high availability, high throughput, and high scalability—detailing their meanings, common architectural patterns such as Hot‑Hot, Hot‑Warm, leader‑based clusters, and practical techniques like caching, async processing, and micro‑service isolation to build robust, scalable services.

High AvailabilitySystem Designbackend-architecture
0 likes · 6 min read
Master the ‘Three Highs’: Availability, Throughput, and Scalability in System Design
Architect
Architect
Jan 4, 2024 · Backend Development

RabbitMQ vs Kafka: How to Choose the Right Messaging System

This article explains asynchronous messaging patterns, compares RabbitMQ and Apache Kafka in depth, and provides a step‑by‑step decision guide that highlights their architectural differences, strengths, weaknesses, and suitable use‑cases for modern software systems.

Pub-SubRabbitMQTechnology Comparison
0 likes · 11 min read
RabbitMQ vs Kafka: How to Choose the Right Messaging System
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Jan 3, 2024 · Backend Development

Designing a Scalable 1B‑User Group Chat System: Architecture & High‑Concurrency

This article walks through the design of a billion‑user group chat platform, covering functional and non‑functional requirements, core components, database schema, face‑to‑face group creation, message flow, storage strategies, and performance‑optimizing techniques such as clustering, message queues, multithreading, and Redis caching.

High concurrencyRedisSystem Design
0 likes · 14 min read
Designing a Scalable 1B‑User Group Chat System: Architecture & High‑Concurrency
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Dec 26, 2023 · Backend Development

How Bilibili Rebuilt Its Account System with a Multi‑Tenant Microservice Architecture

This article explains how Bilibili's account platform was refactored into a unified multi‑tenant microservice system, covering the background problems, domain‑driven design, data isolation strategies, configuration‑driven tenant onboarding, deployment models, gray‑release migration, and solutions for bidirectional data sync loops.

ConfigurationData IsolationMicroservices
0 likes · 18 min read
How Bilibili Rebuilt Its Account System with a Multi‑Tenant Microservice Architecture
Sohu Tech Products
Sohu Tech Products
Dec 20, 2023 · Backend Development

Design and Application of the Dragonfly Strategy Engine Framework at Kuaishou

Kuaishou’s Dragonfly framework replaces tightly‑coupled C++ recommendation code with a Python‑centric DSL that compiles to high‑performance JSON, offering DAG‑based operators, schema‑free dataframes, and a full ecosystem of debugging, tracing, and governance tools, dramatically cutting code volume while enabling fast, scalable scenario development.

Data AbstractionKuaishouStrategy Engine
0 likes · 20 min read
Design and Application of the Dragonfly Strategy Engine Framework at Kuaishou
Top Architect
Top Architect
Dec 18, 2023 · Backend Development

Why Microservices May Not Be Suitable for Real-Time Game Servers

A senior architect discusses the challenges of applying microservice architecture to real‑time game servers, highlighting latency, stateful processing, and network overhead, and shares multiple expert opinions on when microservices are appropriate versus when monolithic designs are preferable for high‑performance gaming.

Game DevelopmentMicroservicesReal-time
0 likes · 9 min read
Why Microservices May Not Be Suitable for Real-Time Game Servers
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Dec 16, 2023 · Backend Development

Designing and Applying the Dragonfly Strategy Engine at Kuaishou to Tackle Complex Recommendation System Challenges

This article describes how Kuaishou built the Dragonfly strategy engine framework—covering problem analysis, architecture design, DSL-based workflow orchestration, process and data abstractions, ecosystem tools, and future plans—to solve the scalability, coupling, and maintenance issues of its rapidly expanding recommendation services.

DragonflyKuaishouStrategy Engine
0 likes · 18 min read
Designing and Applying the Dragonfly Strategy Engine at Kuaishou to Tackle Complex Recommendation System Challenges
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Dec 12, 2023 · Backend Development

Why Microservices May Not Fit Real‑Time Game Servers

In a recent interview with a listed game company, the author explores why microservice architectures, despite their popularity for scalable web applications, often clash with the low‑latency, state‑heavy requirements of real‑time game servers, highlighting technical and team‑size considerations.

MicroservicesReal-timebackend-architecture
0 likes · 8 min read
Why Microservices May Not Fit Real‑Time Game Servers
Su San Talks Tech
Su San Talks Tech
Dec 9, 2023 · Databases

Boost Large Table Reads with Query Separation

This article explains the concept of query separation, its suitable scenarios, implementation methods—including synchronous, asynchronous, and binlog approaches—storage options, MQ considerations, and how it can dramatically improve query performance for massive tables.

AsynchronousElasticsearchMQ
0 likes · 9 min read
Boost Large Table Reads with Query Separation
Architect
Architect
Dec 5, 2023 · Backend Development

How to Build an Efficient, Low‑Complexity Microservices Architecture

This article outlines nine practical best‑practice steps for designing a low‑complexity, high‑efficiency microservices ecosystem, covering principles such as the Single Responsibility Principle, cross‑functional team organization, appropriate tooling, asynchronous communication, DevSecOps security, independent data stores, isolated deployment, orchestration, and effective monitoring, each illustrated with concrete examples.

Asynchronous CommunicationDevSecOpsMicroservices
0 likes · 14 min read
How to Build an Efficient, Low‑Complexity Microservices Architecture
21CTO
21CTO
Nov 23, 2023 · Backend Development

How YouTube Scaled to 100M Daily Views with a Tiny Engineering Team

This article examines how YouTube achieved massive scalability using a simple tech stack, a "flywheel" process, strategic outsourcing, caching layers, and three core pillars—statelessness, replication, and partitioning—while keeping the engineering team lean and adaptable.

YouTubebackend-architectureperformance
0 likes · 9 min read
How YouTube Scaled to 100M Daily Views with a Tiny Engineering Team
Architect
Architect
Nov 10, 2023 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a High‑Performance Short‑Link Platform

This article details the architecture, core algorithms, security measures, and performance optimizations of a high‑throughput short‑link service, covering hash‑based ID generation, Base62 encoding, distributed ID schemes, caching, database indexing, sharding, and monitoring to ensure efficient and secure URL shortening.

Distributed IDbackend-architecturebase62
0 likes · 13 min read
Design and Implementation of a High‑Performance Short‑Link Platform
Architect
Architect
Nov 9, 2023 · Backend Development

How Vivo’s LuBan Service Generates Billions of Unique IDs with Sub‑millisecond Latency

This article explains the business scenarios that drive the need for globally unique distributed IDs, analyzes the challenges of uniqueness, performance, and availability, and details Vivo's self‑built LuBan ID service—including its architecture, three ID formats, custom extensions, SDK usage, performance optimizations, and real‑world deployment metrics.

Distributed IDJavaLuBan
0 likes · 18 min read
How Vivo’s LuBan Service Generates Billions of Unique IDs with Sub‑millisecond Latency
Huolala Tech
Huolala Tech
Nov 9, 2023 · Backend Development

How Huolala’s Multi‑Group Architecture Revolutionizes Microservice Routing

This article explains Huolala’s multi‑group microservice architecture, covering its background, core principles, deployment, discovery, routing strategies, extension mechanisms, and practical application scenarios that enable flexible, versioned, and policy‑driven service routing.

JavaMicroservicesRouting
0 likes · 10 min read
How Huolala’s Multi‑Group Architecture Revolutionizes Microservice Routing
JD Retail Technology
JD Retail Technology
Nov 3, 2023 · Backend Development

Order System Architecture Overview and Design

This document outlines the business scope, value, overall and real‑time data layer architecture, design advantages, data model, extensibility, and future challenges of the order system, emphasizing decoupling, high availability, scalability, and cost control.

DatabasesHigh Availabilitybackend-architecture
0 likes · 12 min read
Order System Architecture Overview and Design
Su San Talks Tech
Su San Talks Tech
Nov 2, 2023 · Backend Development

How WeChat Powers Group Chats and Red Packets: Inside the Backend Architecture

This article dissects the design of WeChat's group chat system, covering functional and non‑functional requirements, high‑level component architecture, database schemas, face‑to‑face group creation, real‑time messaging, red‑packet algorithms, and Go code implementation, revealing how massive concurrency, performance, and storage challenges are solved.

GoHigh concurrencySystem Design
0 likes · 22 min read
How WeChat Powers Group Chats and Red Packets: Inside the Backend Architecture
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
Oct 29, 2023 · Backend Development

Understanding Service Coupling and Communication: RPC vs Event‑Driven in Microservices

This article explains the different types of coupling in microservice architectures, compares RPC and event‑driven communication methods, discusses event notification and event sourcing, and offers practical guidance on choosing and combining these approaches to reduce tight coupling while maintaining system flexibility.

RPCbackend-architectureevent-driven
0 likes · 20 min read
Understanding Service Coupling and Communication: RPC vs Event‑Driven in Microservices
vivo Internet Technology
vivo Internet Technology
Oct 25, 2023 · Backend Development

Optimizing Dubbo Routing and Load Balancing at Scale: Vivo's Practice

Vivo tackled high CPU overhead in large‑scale Dubbo deployments by disabling unused routers, caching routing results with BitMap intersections and epoch validation, optimizing weight calculations, and adding a grouping router, which together delivered over 100 % TPS gains for 20 k+ providers and cut CPU usage by roughly 27 %.

Cache OptimizationDubboJava
0 likes · 18 min read
Optimizing Dubbo Routing and Load Balancing at Scale: Vivo's Practice
JD Tech
JD Tech
Oct 25, 2023 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of JD Logistics Order System Architecture for High Scalability and Availability

The article details JD Logistics' order system redesign using a four‑layer transaction architecture, describing its decoupled backend, unified data model, high‑availability components such as CQRS, Redis, JMQ, HBase, and Elasticsearch, and outlines design advantages, extensible data modeling, future challenges, and overall performance outcomes.

High AvailabilityOrder Managementbackend-architecture
0 likes · 10 min read
Design and Implementation of JD Logistics Order System Architecture for High Scalability and Availability
Mike Chen's Internet Architecture
Mike Chen's Internet Architecture
Oct 19, 2023 · Backend Development

Understanding RocketMQ Core Architecture and Its Role in High‑Concurrency Systems

This article explains the core components of RocketMQ—including NameServer, Broker, Producer, and Consumer—detailing their functions, deployment diagrams, and how the middleware supports high‑concurrency scenarios such as peak shaving, asynchronous messaging, fault tolerance, and system decoupling.

Message QueueRocketMQbackend-architecture
0 likes · 7 min read
Understanding RocketMQ Core Architecture and Its Role in High‑Concurrency Systems
Architect
Architect
Oct 15, 2023 · Backend Development

Reflections on Microservices: Promises, Realities, and Trade‑offs

The article examines the alluring promises of microservices—such as faster deployments, independent scaling, and team autonomy—while revealing the hidden complexities like deployment chaos, service discovery, data consistency, latency, and the nostalgic appeal of monolithic architectures, ultimately offering three key takeaways for architects.

Microservicesbackend-architecturedistributed systems
0 likes · 10 min read
Reflections on Microservices: Promises, Realities, and Trade‑offs
Top Architect
Top Architect
Oct 12, 2023 · Backend Development

Design and Optimization of a High‑Performance Live‑Streaming Danmaku System

This article details the design and optimization of a high‑throughput live‑streaming danmaku system, covering background requirements, bandwidth challenges, short‑polling versus WebSocket delivery, compression and frequency controls, service splitting with caching and lock‑free ring buffers, and reports successful handling of 700 k concurrent users during a major event.

Live Streamingbackend-architecturedanmaku
0 likes · 13 min read
Design and Optimization of a High‑Performance Live‑Streaming Danmaku System
FunTester
FunTester
Oct 7, 2023 · Backend Development

Designing a Secure Payment Funds Account System: Architecture, Accounting Rules, and Best Practices

This article presents a comprehensive guide to building a payment funds account system, covering core concepts such as account balance, ledger, and voucher, accounting principles like double‑entry bookkeeping, storage choices with TDSQL, security measures using the STRIDE model, consistency guarantees, distributed transactions, high‑availability design, and operational practices such as idempotency, rate limiting, and thorough auditing.

backend-architecturedistributed transactionfunds account
0 likes · 37 min read
Designing a Secure Payment Funds Account System: Architecture, Accounting Rules, and Best Practices
Architect
Architect
Oct 2, 2023 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a Secure Funds Account System

This article presents a comprehensive guide to designing and implementing a secure, cloud‑native funds account system for payment platforms, covering core concepts such as account structure, balance and transaction logs, accounting principles, storage selection, distributed transactions, security measures, consistency, availability, and best‑practice architectural patterns.

backend-architecturedistributed transactionsfunds account
0 likes · 34 min read
Design and Implementation of a Secure Funds Account System
JD Cloud Developers
JD Cloud Developers
Sep 28, 2023 · Backend Development

Designing a Scalable, High‑Availability Order System: Architecture Insights

This article details the design of a decoupled, high‑availability order system, covering business scope, value propositions, layered architecture, real‑time data layer, read/write separation, caching, messaging, search, multi‑tenant support, data security, and future challenges such as personalized queries and cost‑effective scaling.

High Availabilitybackend-architecturedata modeling
0 likes · 12 min read
Designing a Scalable, High‑Availability Order System: Architecture Insights
Su San Talks Tech
Su San Talks Tech
Sep 21, 2023 · Backend Development

How to Design a Scalable Ride‑Hailing System: From Requirements to Real‑Time Dispatch

This article walks through the full lifecycle of building a ride‑hailing platform, covering the impact of emergencies, requirement analysis, high‑level and detailed architecture, long‑connection management, GeoHash location algorithms, and experience‑optimisation techniques to ensure reliable, real‑time dispatch.

Ride HailingSystem Designbackend-architecture
0 likes · 15 min read
How to Design a Scalable Ride‑Hailing System: From Requirements to Real‑Time Dispatch
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Sep 17, 2023 · Backend Development

7 High‑Performance Server Event‑Handling Models: Reactor, Proactor and Beyond

This article explains the fundamentals of Reactor and Proactor event‑handling patterns, discusses Linux’s limited AIO support, and presents seven practical server concurrency models—from single‑threaded accept to multi‑process thread‑pool designs—detailing their workflows, advantages, drawbacks, and suitable use cases.

ProactorReactorbackend-architecture
0 likes · 21 min read
7 High‑Performance Server Event‑Handling Models: Reactor, Proactor and Beyond
IT Services Circle
IT Services Circle
Sep 14, 2023 · Backend Development

Key Techniques for Designing High‑Concurrency Systems

This article outlines essential architectural and operational strategies—including page static‑generation, CDN acceleration, caching layers, asynchronous processing, thread‑pool and MQ integration, sharding, connection pooling, read/write splitting, indexing, batch processing, clustering, load balancing, rate limiting, service degradation, failover, multi‑active deployment, stress testing, and monitoring—to build robust, high‑concurrency backend systems.

CachingHigh concurrencyMonitoring
0 likes · 23 min read
Key Techniques for Designing High‑Concurrency Systems
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Sep 13, 2023 · Backend Development

When Microservice Refactoring Turns Into a Distributed Monolith: Risks and Remedies

The article examines why many microservice migrations end up as distributed monoliths, highlighting the hidden costs, stability issues, and common pitfalls such as excessive synchronous calls and lack of protection mechanisms, and offers practical guidance to avoid these traps.

backend-architecturedistributed monolithservice decomposition
0 likes · 7 min read
When Microservice Refactoring Turns Into a Distributed Monolith: Risks and Remedies
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Sep 12, 2023 · Backend Development

Xiaohongshu Recommendation Engineering Architecture: Graph Architecture, Hot Deployment, and Practices

This article presents Xiaohongshu's evolving recommendation engineering architecture, detailing its modular backend design, graph-based Ark framework, hot deployment mechanisms, and the challenges and solutions for scaling personalized content delivery in a fast‑growing mobile platform.

Hot DeploymentScalable SystemsXiaohongshu
0 likes · 13 min read
Xiaohongshu Recommendation Engineering Architecture: Graph Architecture, Hot Deployment, and Practices
Architect
Architect
Sep 9, 2023 · Backend Development

How to Guarantee Data Consistency in Distributed Transactions: A Practical Deep‑Dive

This article examines the challenges of maintaining data consistency across micro‑service boundaries, walks through real‑world payment and gifting scenarios, compares classic solutions such as 2PC, saga, TCC, local‑message tables and transaction messages, and finally recommends a pragmatic approach for building reliable distributed transaction mechanisms.

2PCData ConsistencyMicroservices
0 likes · 23 min read
How to Guarantee Data Consistency in Distributed Transactions: A Practical Deep‑Dive
Su San Talks Tech
Su San Talks Tech
Sep 8, 2023 · Backend Development

Mastering High-Concurrency System Design: 18 Essential Techniques

This article explores comprehensive strategies for designing high‑concurrency systems, covering page staticization, CDN acceleration, caching layers, asynchronous processing, thread‑pool and MQ integration, sharding, connection pooling, read/write splitting, indexing, batch processing, clustering, load balancing, rate limiting, service degradation, failover, multi‑active deployment, stress testing, and monitoring.

CachingHigh concurrencySystem Design
0 likes · 25 min read
Mastering High-Concurrency System Design: 18 Essential Techniques
Top Architect
Top Architect
Sep 7, 2023 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of an Enterprise Unified Push Notification Service

The article outlines the design and evolution of an enterprise‑level unified push notification service, detailing its modular to service‑oriented architecture, multi‑channel support, high‑performance non‑functional requirements, and the comprehensive components such as clients, notification, template, distribution, priority queues, adapters, analytics, and database layers.

High AvailabilityMicroservicesNotification Service
0 likes · 16 min read
Design and Implementation of an Enterprise Unified Push Notification Service
Mike Chen's Internet Architecture
Mike Chen's Internet Architecture
Sep 7, 2023 · Backend Development

Comprehensive Overview of Message Queues: Types, Core Concepts, and Comparison of Kafka, RocketMQ, and RabbitMQ

This article provides a detailed overview of popular message queue systems, explains their core concepts such as decoupling and eventual consistency, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of Kafka, RocketMQ, RabbitMQ, and other notable MQ solutions for high‑concurrency scenarios.

Message QueueRabbitMQRocketMQ
0 likes · 7 min read
Comprehensive Overview of Message Queues: Types, Core Concepts, and Comparison of Kafka, RocketMQ, and RabbitMQ
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
Sep 7, 2023 · Databases

Hot and Cold Data Separation: Concepts, Scenarios, and Implementation Methods

The article explains the principle of hot‑cold data separation, when it should be applied, how to distinguish hot versus cold data, and three practical implementation approaches—code modification, binlog listening, and scheduled scanning—to improve database performance and maintain consistency.

Data Lifecyclebackend-architecturecold data
0 likes · 9 min read
Hot and Cold Data Separation: Concepts, Scenarios, and Implementation Methods
21CTO
21CTO
Aug 18, 2023 · Backend Development

Pick the Best Microservices Framework 2023: Top 10 & Key Practices

This article explains what microservices are, compares them with monolithic architecture, outlines their benefits and challenges, highlights the importance of observability, and reviews the top ten microservice frameworks and best‑practice guidelines for 2023.

MicroservicesObservabilitybackend-architecture
0 likes · 15 min read
Pick the Best Microservices Framework 2023: Top 10 & Key Practices
JD Tech
JD Tech
Aug 18, 2023 · Backend Development

Designing a Three‑Layer Protection Scheme for High‑Concurrency Contract Queries in JD Logistics

This article analyzes the high‑concurrency contract‑query workload of JD Logistics, examines call sources, query dimensions and volume patterns, and proposes a three‑layer protection architecture—Bloom filter, Redis cache, and database fallback—along with strategies for cache penetration, breakdown, and avalanche mitigation.

Cache DesignHigh concurrencyRedis
0 likes · 10 min read
Designing a Three‑Layer Protection Scheme for High‑Concurrency Contract Queries in JD Logistics
Mike Chen's Internet Architecture
Mike Chen's Internet Architecture
Aug 17, 2023 · Backend Development

Comprehensive Introduction to Message Queues

This article provides a thorough overview of message queues, covering their definition, core components, types (point‑to‑point and publish/subscribe), key characteristics such as asynchrony, loose coupling, distribution and reliability, selection criteria among popular MQ products, and typical application scenarios in high‑concurrency systems.

AsynchronousMQ selectionMessage Queue
0 likes · 9 min read
Comprehensive Introduction to Message Queues
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Aug 16, 2023 · Backend Development

Refactoring the Game Account Order Process with a Three‑Layer Interface and Strategy‑Template Pattern

This article describes how a game‑account order system with scattered core code and no design patterns was refactored into a clean three‑layer interface architecture using a strategy‑template approach, detailing the design, implementation, testing, gray‑release strategy, and post‑deployment safeguards.

JavaStrategy PatternTemplate Method
0 likes · 12 min read
Refactoring the Game Account Order Process with a Three‑Layer Interface and Strategy‑Template Pattern
Su San Talks Tech
Su San Talks Tech
Aug 12, 2023 · Backend Development

10 Essential Microservice Design Patterns Every Backend Engineer Should Know

Microservice design patterns provide proven solutions for common challenges such as service decomposition, communication, governance, and testing, and this article introduces ten key patterns—including API Gateway, Service Discovery, Circuit Breaker, Bulkhead, CQRS, Event‑Driven, Saga, Strangler, Sidecar, and BFF—to help build efficient, reliable, and scalable systems.

backend-architecturecircuit breakerservice discovery
0 likes · 21 min read
10 Essential Microservice Design Patterns Every Backend Engineer Should Know
Architect's Guide
Architect's Guide
Aug 11, 2023 · Backend Development

Comprehensive Overview of Java Backend Architecture Topics

This article presents a detailed collection of 31 Java‑related architecture diagrams—including class loader, JVM, Spring, Hibernate, Struts, Android, cloud computing, Linux kernel, and various enterprise frameworks—providing a visual guide for backend developers seeking a broad understanding of Java ecosystem structures.

JVMJavaSpring
0 likes · 6 min read
Comprehensive Overview of Java Backend Architecture Topics
Amap Tech
Amap Tech
Aug 10, 2023 · Backend Development

Gaode Business Framework (GBF): A Domain‑Driven Approach for Unified Portal Architecture

The Gaode Business Framework (GBF) is a lightweight, domain‑driven solution that unifies disparate industry portals by partitioning stable domains, standardizing interfaces, and providing customizable implementations, thereby eliminating duplicated glue code, improving design quality, reducing development costs, and enhancing stability and cross‑team collaboration.

Domain-Driven DesignGBFJava
0 likes · 19 min read
Gaode Business Framework (GBF): A Domain‑Driven Approach for Unified Portal Architecture
FunTester
FunTester
Aug 10, 2023 · Backend Development

How QQ Music Scaled Its Comment System for Celebrity Live Events

This article details the architectural redesign of QQ Music's comment platform—migrating to MongoDB, introducing threaded comments, and employing caching and message‑queue decoupling—to handle massive read/write spikes during celebrity live‑drop events while maintaining high availability and performance.

CachingComment SystemHigh Availability
0 likes · 8 min read
How QQ Music Scaled Its Comment System for Celebrity Live Events
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Aug 9, 2023 · Backend Development

Designing a High‑Availability Comment System for QQ Music: Architecture, Challenges, and Optimizations

QQ Music’s comment system was re‑engineered with a MongoDB backend, cache layer, asynchronous writes, split read/write services, priority queues and rate‑limiting, enabling it to endure celebrity‑driven traffic spikes, maintain data consistency, and deliver high‑availability, low‑latency user experiences.

CachingComment SystemHigh Availability
0 likes · 7 min read
Designing a High‑Availability Comment System for QQ Music: Architecture, Challenges, and Optimizations
DeWu Technology
DeWu Technology
Aug 7, 2023 · Backend Development

Scalable Seller Fulfillment Architecture with Business Identity Abstraction

The article presents a modular seller‑fulfillment architecture that replaces order‑type‑centric logic with a fulfillment‑mode‑driven “business identity” abstraction, enabling reusable capabilities, unified APIs, easier maintenance, faster onboarding of new order types, and improved testability and scalability for large e‑commerce platforms.

backend-architecturebusiness identityorder fulfillment
0 likes · 14 min read
Scalable Seller Fulfillment Architecture with Business Identity Abstraction
JD Retail Technology
JD Retail Technology
Aug 5, 2023 · Operations

JDV Visual Big‑Screen Platform: Architecture, Challenges, and Technical Innovations for JD.com’s 618 Promotion

The article details JDV, JD.com’s internal visual‑big‑screen data platform, describing its architecture, the demanding real‑time, cross‑midnight, and high‑stability requirements during the 618 promotion, the technical challenges faced, and the innovative solutions—including request state control, heartbeat monitoring, video recording, orchestration tools, precise stop handling, and proxy data sources—that ensured reliable large‑scale screen deployment.

Data Visualizationbackend-architecturelarge-scale systems
0 likes · 17 min read
JDV Visual Big‑Screen Platform: Architecture, Challenges, and Technical Innovations for JD.com’s 618 Promotion
Weimob Technology Center
Weimob Technology Center
Aug 4, 2023 · Backend Development

How a Scalable Business Search Platform Powers Billions of Queries in WOS

The article outlines the background, design, challenges, and future roadmap of a business search platform within the Weimob Operating System, detailing its architecture, event ingestion, index building, and retrieval services that enable low‑cost, high‑performance search across multiple business domains.

MicroservicesSearch Platformbackend-architecture
0 likes · 9 min read
How a Scalable Business Search Platform Powers Billions of Queries in WOS
Architect
Architect
Jul 22, 2023 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of a Unified Push Notification Platform

The article presents a comprehensive design and implementation of a unified push notification platform that abstracts variable configurations, systematizes immutable logic, and employs asynchronous processing, sharding, rate limiting, and resource allocation strategies to achieve scalable, reliable, and maintainable multi‑business push services.

System Designasynchronous processingbackend-architecture
0 likes · 11 min read
Design and Implementation of a Unified Push Notification Platform
Shopee Tech Team
Shopee Tech Team
Jul 20, 2023 · Cloud Native

Design and Evolution of Shopee Image Service: Architecture, Challenges, and Optimizations

Shopee’s unified Image Service consolidates upload, processing, and delivery into a single platform that overcomes legacy fragmentation and heterogeneous networks through resumable SDKs, adaptive ID schemes, link‑level and HTTP/3 transport optimizations, dynamic CDN scheduling, and device‑aware resizing, boosting upload success to 99.67 %, halving latency, cutting storage by 25 % and bandwidth by 56 % while markedly improving app performance.

CDN optimizationCloud NativeImage processing
0 likes · 20 min read
Design and Evolution of Shopee Image Service: Architecture, Challenges, and Optimizations
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Jul 19, 2023 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of an Integrated Push Notification Platform

This article describes the background, design principles, implementation details, performance optimizations, and operational results of a unified push notification platform that abstracts variable configurations, systematizes invariant logic, and supports high‑throughput, reliable messaging across multiple business lines.

asynchronous processingbackend-architecturepush notifications
0 likes · 11 min read
Design and Implementation of an Integrated Push Notification Platform
Didi Tech
Didi Tech
Jul 17, 2023 · Backend Development

Backend Architecture Evolution and Standardization of Didi Ride-Hailing Platform

Didi’s ride‑hailing backend evolved from a monolithic service to a DDD‑split architecture and the DuKang framework, then standardized components, rendering gateways, function access, and logging to solve multi‑terminal inconsistency, complex rendering logic, cross‑process integration, and data visibility, creating a unified cross‑end rendering platform supporting over twenty pages.

Data StandardizationDidiRide Hailing
0 likes · 18 min read
Backend Architecture Evolution and Standardization of Didi Ride-Hailing Platform
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
Jul 15, 2023 · Operations

High‑Availability Architecture for a Large‑Scale Membership System

The article describes how a membership system serving billions of users across multiple platforms achieves high performance and high availability through dual‑center Elasticsearch clusters, traffic‑isolated three‑cluster ES architecture, Redis caching with distributed locks, dual‑center MySQL partitioning, and fine‑grained flow‑control and degradation strategies.

ElasticsearchHigh AvailabilityRedis
0 likes · 25 min read
High‑Availability Architecture for a Large‑Scale Membership System
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
Jul 12, 2023 · Backend Development

Microservice Architecture Design Patterns: Advantages, Disadvantages, and When to Use Them

This article provides a comprehensive overview of microservice architecture, detailing its core concepts, key characteristics, benefits and drawbacks, and presents ten essential design patterns—including database per service, event sourcing, CQRS, Saga, BFF, API gateway, Strangler, circuit breaker, externalized configuration, and consumer‑driven contract testing—along with their pros, cons, usage scenarios, and technology examples.

CQRSbackend-architecturecircuit breaker
0 likes · 41 min read
Microservice Architecture Design Patterns: Advantages, Disadvantages, and When to Use Them
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jul 9, 2023 · Backend Development

From Monolith to Microservices: A Practical Evolution Blueprint

This article walks through the step‑by‑step transformation of a simple online supermarket from a single‑node monolith to a fully fledged microservice architecture, highlighting the motivations, common pitfalls, component choices, monitoring, tracing, logging, resilience patterns, testing strategies, and the trade‑offs of frameworks versus service mesh.

Distributed TracingMicroservicesMonitoring
0 likes · 24 min read
From Monolith to Microservices: A Practical Evolution Blueprint
Architects Research Society
Architects Research Society
Jul 8, 2023 · Backend Development

System Design of Hotel Booking Applications (Airbnb, Booking.com, OYO)

This article explains how large hotel‑booking platforms such as Airbnb, Booking.com and OYO use a micro‑service architecture—including hotel management, customer search/booking, and view‑booking services—combined with load balancers, Kafka, Elasticsearch, Redis, Cassandra and Hadoop to achieve a seamless, high‑throughput booking flow.

ElasticsearchMicroservicesRedis
0 likes · 7 min read
System Design of Hotel Booking Applications (Airbnb, Booking.com, OYO)
58 Tech
58 Tech
Jul 6, 2023 · Artificial Intelligence

Design and Optimization of a Kaldi‑Based Speech Recognition Backend at 58.com

This article details the evolution from the initial Kaldi‑based speech recognition architecture (version 1.0) to a re‑engineered version 2.0, describing business background, service components, identified shortcomings, and a series of performance, concurrency, GPU, I/O, GC, and dispatch optimizations that dramatically improve resource utilization, latency, and reliability for large‑scale voice processing at 58.com.

AIGPUKaldi
0 likes · 15 min read
Design and Optimization of a Kaldi‑Based Speech Recognition Backend at 58.com
Architect
Architect
Jul 5, 2023 · Backend Development

Evolution of Bilibili's Relationship Chain Service: From MySQL to KV Storage, Multi‑Layer Caching, and Hotspot Resilience

The article details how Bilibili's relationship‑chain service scaled from a MySQL‑based design to a distributed KV store, introduced successive caching layers (memcached, Redis hash, Redis KV, bloom filter), and implemented hotspot mitigation techniques to sustain near‑million QPS traffic while ensuring high availability and data consistency.

Distributed storagebackend-architecturemysql
0 likes · 16 min read
Evolution of Bilibili's Relationship Chain Service: From MySQL to KV Storage, Multi‑Layer Caching, and Hotspot Resilience
MaGe Linux Operations
MaGe Linux Operations
Jun 29, 2023 · Backend Development

Why API Gateways Are Essential for Modern Backend Architecture

This article explains what an API gateway is, outlines its required high‑performance, high‑availability, and extensibility characteristics, details core functions such as routing, load balancing, authentication, rate limiting, and compares popular solutions like Spring Cloud Gateway, Zuul, OpenResty, and Kong.

API Gatewaybackend-architectureload balancing
0 likes · 10 min read
Why API Gateways Are Essential for Modern Backend Architecture
vivo Internet Technology
vivo Internet Technology
Jun 28, 2023 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of Vivo's LuBan Distributed ID Service

The article explains distributed ID concepts and business scenarios, compares nine common generation schemes, and details Vivo’s LuBan service architecture—including three built‑in ID formats, custom SPI extensions, Spring‑Boot SDK usage, performance optimizations, and large‑scale deployment metrics—offering practical guidance for building high‑throughput, globally unique ID systems.

Distributed IDID GenerationJava
0 likes · 16 min read
Design and Implementation of Vivo's LuBan Distributed ID Service
Architect
Architect
Jun 25, 2023 · Backend Development

Designing High‑Traffic, High‑Concurrency Systems: Principles and Practices

This article outlines the essential principles, architectural patterns, client optimizations, CDN usage, clustering, caching strategies, database tuning, and service governance techniques required to design, build, and maintain high‑traffic, high‑concurrency backend systems effectively.

CDNService GovernanceSystem Design
0 likes · 11 min read
Designing High‑Traffic, High‑Concurrency Systems: Principles and Practices
Architects Research Society
Architects Research Society
Jun 25, 2023 · Backend Development

Top Microservices Design Patterns for Building Applications

This article explains what microservices are, outlines essential design principles, and details the most important microservices design patterns—including Aggregator, API Gateway, Chain of Responsibility, Asynchronous Messaging, Shared Database, Event Sourcing, Branch, CQRS, Circuit Breaker, and Decomposition—to help developers build robust, scalable applications.

API GatewayMicroservicesbackend-architecture
0 likes · 13 min read
Top Microservices Design Patterns for Building Applications
Selected Java Interview Questions
Selected Java Interview Questions
May 26, 2023 · Backend Development

Amazon Prime Video Case Study: Moving from Serverless Microservices to a Monolith Cuts Costs by Over 90%

The Prime Video engineering team replaced a costly, scaling‑limited serverless microservice architecture with a streamlined monolithic solution on EC2/ECS, achieving more than a 90% reduction in infrastructure expenses while improving scalability, sparking widespread debate about the true value of microservices and serverless approaches.

AWSServerlessbackend-architecture
0 likes · 11 min read
Amazon Prime Video Case Study: Moving from Serverless Microservices to a Monolith Cuts Costs by Over 90%
Top Architect
Top Architect
May 24, 2023 · Backend Development

Design and Implementation of Full-Scale Message Push Using a Public Mailbox in Baidu's IM System

The article explains Baidu's need for low‑cost, high‑latency full‑user notifications, analyzes existing IM architecture limitations, introduces a public mailbox read‑expansion approach, compares three push strategies, and details the design, management, caching, tiered release, advantages, drawbacks, and real‑world applications of this solution.

backend-architecturefull pushmessaging
0 likes · 15 min read
Design and Implementation of Full-Scale Message Push Using a Public Mailbox in Baidu's IM System
Code Ape Tech Column
Code Ape Tech Column
May 23, 2023 · Backend Development

Message Notification Architecture and Design in Microservices

This article explains the principles, process management, sequence, and structural design of a message notification system within microservice architectures, highlighting production‑consumption patterns, task handling, state transitions, channel integration, and practical considerations for effective backend implementation.

Message NotificationState Machinebackend-architecture
0 likes · 9 min read
Message Notification Architecture and Design in Microservices
21CTO
21CTO
May 22, 2023 · Backend Development

How to Solve Microservice Data Dependency with Real‑Time Sync and Bifrost

This article examines data dependency challenges among microservices in a supply‑chain system, compares initial data‑redundancy designs with a decoupled real‑time synchronization approach, evaluates open‑source middleware options, and explains why Bifrost was chosen to achieve stable, low‑latency data sharing.

BifrostMicroservicesbackend-architecture
0 likes · 10 min read
How to Solve Microservice Data Dependency with Real‑Time Sync and Bifrost
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
May 22, 2023 · Backend Development

API Gateway Design Principles, Functions, and Comparison of Popular Implementations

This article explains why API gateways are essential in micro‑service architectures, outlines their four core functions, discusses high‑performance, high‑availability, and scalability design goals, and compares major open‑source gateways such as OpenResty, Kong, Zuul, and Spring Cloud Gateway to help engineers choose the right solution.

KongMicroservicesSpring Cloud Gateway
0 likes · 22 min read
API Gateway Design Principles, Functions, and Comparison of Popular Implementations
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
May 16, 2023 · Backend Development

High‑Availability Architecture for a Membership System: Dual‑Center ES Cluster, Redis Caching, MySQL Migration, and Fine‑Grained Flow Control

This article presents a comprehensive engineering case study of a high‑traffic membership system, detailing the dual‑center Elasticsearch high‑availability design, traffic‑isolated three‑cluster ES architecture, Redis caching strategy, dual‑center MySQL partitioning and migration plan, abnormal member relationship governance, and future fine‑grained flow‑control and downgrade policies.

Data MigrationElasticsearchHigh Availability
0 likes · 19 min read
High‑Availability Architecture for a Membership System: Dual‑Center ES Cluster, Redis Caching, MySQL Migration, and Fine‑Grained Flow Control
Top Architect
Top Architect
May 11, 2023 · Backend Development

Microservice Architecture: Why Choose It, Roadmap, and Key Components

This article explains why microservice architecture is preferred over monolithic applications, outlines a clear learning roadmap, and details essential components such as Docker, container orchestration, API gateways, load balancing, service discovery, event buses, logging, monitoring, distributed tracing, persistence, caching, and cloud providers.

API GatewayDockerbackend-architecture
0 likes · 17 min read
Microservice Architecture: Why Choose It, Roadmap, and Key Components
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Zhuanzhuan Tech
May 10, 2023 · Backend Development

Component-Based Development: Architecture, Implementation, and Benefits in Feed Flow

This article presents a comprehensive overview of component-based development at ZhaiZhai, detailing the background, current challenges, the component model, classification, design, deployment process, performance gains, supporting ecosystem, and concluding insights, all supported by references and practical examples.

BFFCode ReuseComponent-based Development
0 likes · 29 min read
Component-Based Development: Architecture, Implementation, and Benefits in Feed Flow