This article details the step‑by‑step evolution of Mafengwo's Kubernetes network—from early Flannel VXLAN setups, through a VPN‑server bridge for external access, to a MAC‑VLAN CNI solution—highlighting design principles, challenges, and recent optimization plans for large‑scale Java micro‑services.
This lesson introduces container technology, explains Docker’s core concepts, image layering, Dockerfile syntax, and common commands, while also showing how Kubernetes scales container management for cloud‑native applications. It highlights the advantages over traditional VMs, resource utilization improvements, and practical examples for building and running container images.
This article shares the 2019 container‑migration experience of an e‑commerce team, covering Docker and Kubernetes fundamentals, Java‑specific memory and CPU limits, JDK version tuning, log collection, multi‑stage image builds, health‑check strategies, common pitfalls, and best‑practice recommendations for cloud‑native deployments.
This article provides a detailed walkthrough of the Kubernetes Job controller source code, explaining the flow from kube‑controller‑manager initialization through key functions such as NewJobController, Run, worker, syncJob, and manageJob, and illustrates how informers, workqueues, and expectations coordinate job lifecycle management.
Apache Flink, the open‑source stream‑and‑batch processing engine, has surged to become one of the most active Apache projects, with rapid community growth in China, unified SQL capabilities, AI‑focused extensions, Kubernetes integration, and benchmark results that outperform Hive by up to seven times.
A Kubernetes user reported intermittent “No route to host” errors during Deployment rolling updates, and this article analyzes common connection‑related errors, explains how IPVS weight handling and source‑port reuse cause the issue, and provides mitigation strategies such as preStop hooks, readiness probes, scaling, and anti‑affinity.
This article explores how front‑end developers can leverage cloud‑native serverless technologies such as Node.js, Kubernetes, and Fission to achieve extreme efficiency, high availability, and fine‑grained cost control, while providing practical installation steps, code examples, and insights into future cloud‑driven front‑end innovations.
This article explores the impact of cloud computing on front‑end development, explains why serverless Node.js is essential today, provides step‑by‑step instructions for setting up Fission on Kubernetes, and discusses cloud‑native IDEs and future trends for front‑end engineers.
The interview with Alibaba Cloud’s container platform lead explores the evolution of container and cloud‑native technologies, security and hybrid‑cloud demands, open‑source contributions, and future AI‑container convergence that drove massive Double‑11 traffic and industry innovation.
The article summarizes Kubernetes v1.17’s 22 enhancements—including GA cloud‑provider labels, beta VolumeSnapshot, CSI storage migration, numerous feature stabilizations, dual‑stack networking, Knative updates, and curated open‑source and reading recommendations—providing a detailed technical overview for practitioners.
The author explores Kubernetes by reading "Kubernetes in Action", uncovering why pods are the smallest deployable unit, how ReplicationControllers maintain desired replica counts, and how Services provide stable access, while emphasizing a problem‑first, think‑first approach to mastering the platform.
This article explains the purpose, new features, API changes, deployment steps, usage examples, limitations, and future roadmap of Kubernetes volume snapshot functionality now in beta as of version 1.17, including required components and supported CSI drivers.
This article explains Alibaba's large‑scale Kubernetes experience, outlines the two main challenges of application management for developers and operators, and shows how the Open Application Model (OAM) uses Components, Traits and Application Config to provide a layered, extensible, and cloud‑native solution.
This article explains the core components and data flow of Kubernetes, covering the Master‑Node relationship, APIServer layers, Controller Manager, Scheduler, kubelet, Service and kube‑proxy, and demonstrates deployment with practical Tomcat and MySQL examples using YAML configuration files.
This article explains why Kubernetes is moving in‑tree storage plugins to the Container Storage Interface (CSI), describes the migration process, provides practical commands and YAML examples, and outlines current limitations, roadmap, and recommended actions for users and administrators.
Kubernetes 1.17, the final 2019 release, introduces 22 enhancements—including GA cloud‑provider tags, beta‑grade Volume Snapshots and CSI migration, numerous stability graduations, IPv4/IPv6 dual‑stack support, and a long list of other feature upgrades—available now on GitHub.
This article traces etcd’s evolution from its CoreOS origins, explains its Raft‑based distributed architecture, details its API groups, versioning and watch mechanisms, and showcases typical scenarios such as metadata storage, service discovery, leader election, and distributed coordination in cloud‑native environments.
This tutorial explains ELK concepts, the logs needed from Kubernetes, three ELK stack collection strategies, step‑by‑step deployment of a single‑node ELK cluster, Filebeat agents, ingress configuration, and Kibana visualization to achieve a production‑grade log management solution.
This article explains the motivations behind cloud native computing, introduces Knative’s three core modules—Tekton, Eventing, and Serving—and shows how they enable serverless capabilities, traffic management, gray‑release, and elasticity for modern applications, illustrated with a practical demo and Q&A.
Learn how Kubernetes controls the pace of rolling updates using the maxUnavailable and maxSurge parameters, understand their value ranges and recommended settings, and see practical examples that ensure smooth, stable deployments while balancing speed and reliability.
This article explains how Alibaba Cloud Container Service (ACK) designs a unit‑based, tiered management system, capacity planning model, global observability architecture, and pluggable components to reliably operate more than ten thousand diverse Kubernetes clusters during the massive Double‑11 shopping event.
This article details Alibaba's four‑stage journey to migrate its core systems to Kubernetes, the operational challenges of legacy workflows, and the concrete cloud‑native transformations—final‑state deployment, self‑healing, and immutable infrastructure—that enabled a flawless Double‑11 sales event.
Alibaba’s 2019 Double 11 campaign saw a record 54.4 k orders per second and 970 PB of data, prompting a full cloud‑native transformation that migrated 100% of core applications to the cloud using Kubernetes, containers, the Shenlong bare‑metal servers, service mesh, and OAM, delivering scalable, resilient performance.
The article explains the new Kubernetes v1.17 topology‑aware service routing feature, describing its purpose, underlying concepts such as topology domains and endpoint slices, the implementation details in kube‑proxy, how to enable it with feature gates and topologyKeys, and the practical benefits of reduced network latency and cost.
This article explains why service discovery is essential in Kubernetes, details the architecture and syntax of K8s Service, shows how to create and inspect services, demonstrates internal and external access methods—including headless services—and provides a step‑by‑step demo on Alibaba Cloud Container Service.
The talk presented a comprehensive strategy for boosting Kubernetes cluster efficiency by addressing fragmentation, over‑provisioned pod requests, and misaligned autoscaling through five techniques—pod compression, node over‑commit, HPAPlus, VPAPlus, and dynamic scheduling—implemented via mutating admission controllers, Prometheus analytics, and extended autoscaler components.
Kube-OVN 0.9.0 introduces enhanced monitoring, a five‑fold controller throughput boost, numerous stability fixes, reduced privileged container usage, and additional networking capabilities, while providing detailed update information and contact resources for the open‑source Kubernetes network project.
Alibaba’s journey from early LXC containers to massive Kubernetes clusters reveals scaling, performance, and operational challenges that led to the creation of the Open Application Model (OAM) and OpenKruise, offering a layered, role‑separated approach to cloud‑native application definition and delivery.
This newsletter covers Docker Enterprise’s acquisition by Mirantis, Red Hat’s open‑source registry launch, KubeCon North America details, key Kubernetes 1.17‑1.18 upstream changes such as PreSidecars, Kubectl v2, IP type split, hidden metrics, plus curated open‑source project and reading recommendations for cloud‑native practitioners.
Meituan Homestay created a platform‑wide Jupyter service built on JupyterHub and Kubernetes that integrates Spark, scheduling, documentation and storage, providing seamless, reproducible notebooks with custom extensions, magics and container isolation to unify data analysis, model training and production workflows.
This article presents a detailed case study of intermittent container timeout problems in a Kubernetes environment, examining kernel upgrades, NUMA configurations, CPU affinity bindings, kubelet behavior, cadvisor overhead, and hardware faults, and outlines the investigative steps and solutions applied.
This article examines how Mirantis’ acquisition of Docker, the historical contributions of major vendors, and the development of container runtimes such as LXC, runc, CRI‑O, and containerd have shaped the modern cloud‑native ecosystem and OpenShift’s architecture.
The Elastic Shenzhen Meetup on November 16, 2019 gathered over 200 tech enthusiasts to hear in‑depth talks on Elasticsearch deployments, K8S integration, DB‑to‑ES synchronization, and performance optimizations from experts at ByteDance, Tencent, Alibaba Cloud, and Gitee, followed by interactive Q&A and a lively prize draw.
This article explains how to design and implement a flexible, high‑performance log system for Kubernetes environments, covering demand‑driven architecture, functional requirements, open‑source component choices, the reasons for a custom solution, and the operational challenges faced at massive scale.
This tutorial walks you through preparing a CentOS system, installing Docker CE, configuring Docker mirrors, setting up kubelet, kubeadm and kubectl packages, adjusting cgroup settings, initializing a Kubernetes master node, joining worker nodes, deploying Flannel networking, and troubleshooting common issues, all with exact command examples.
This article explains the fundamentals of monitoring and logging in large‑scale Kubernetes clusters, classifies monitoring types, traces the evolution from Heapster to the lightweight metrics‑server, outlines the three Kubernetes monitoring APIs, reviews Prometheus as the de‑facto standard, and describes Alibaba Cloud’s enhanced monitoring and logging solutions.
This article explains containerd’s evolution, its advantages over Docker Engine in Kubernetes, how to set it up with Minikube, use gvisor sandbox, manage containers with ctr and crictl, and outlines Alibaba Cloud’s support for containerd in ACK.
Docker’s enterprise services were sold to Mirantis while Docker Desktop stays with Docker, highlighting how open‑source container platforms are reshaped by cloud‑native competition, licensing changes, and the challenges of sustaining open‑source business models.
This article explains the principles of DevOps, outlines an eight‑point requirement checklist for a Docker‑based DevOps environment, details the step‑by‑step workflow using GitLab, Docker, Jenkins, SonarQube, Harbor and Kubernetes, and then compares it with Serverless architectures, highlighting future trends.
This article details LeXin Medical's journey from a manually built Kubernetes cluster to the UCloud UK8S platform, covering the challenges of self‑hosting, the tools and processes used for migration, and the resulting improvements in logging, monitoring, CI/CD, and overall operational efficiency.
This roundup highlights the latest cloud‑native announcements, including Helm 3’s stable release, the GitHub Octoverse language trends, upcoming KubeCon North America, CNCF’s Prometheus report, Kubernetes 1.17 code freeze, key upstream feature improvements, and a curated list of open‑source projects and reading recommendations.
This article traces Alibaba’s evolution from monolithic apps to micro‑services and cloud‑native architectures, explains the open‑source Open Application Model (OAM) with its Component, Trait and ApplicationConfiguration concepts, showcases its design principles, and demonstrates how the EDAS platform implements OAM to simplify application deployment and operations.
The Cloud+ Community’s 29th technical salon on November 9 2019 in Shenzhen gathered Tencent and Jiwei experts to showcase efficient intelligent operations through AIOps practices, massive cloud migration strategies, the Blue Whale PaaS framework, Serverless DevOps best practices, and Kubernetes resource‑utilization techniques.
This article explains how to ensure application health and stability after migrating to Kubernetes by improving observability and recoverability, detailing the purpose, configuration, and results of Liveness and Readiness probes, common pod issues, diagnostic steps, and remote debugging techniques using tools such as Telepresence and kubectl‑debug.
Ant Financial’s article details how its large‑scale Kubernetes management system—built on a meta‑cluster, end‑state operators, and a Kube‑on‑Kube design—ensures reliable creation, upgrade, and self‑healing of thousands of nodes, while providing gray‑scale changes, risk assessment, and fault‑tolerant automation.
At a Shenzhen Elastic Community meetup, ByteDance senior engineer Huang Yangfeng detailed how his team built an Elasticsearch service platform on Kubernetes—addressing isolation and performance‑analysis challenges, outlining a roadmap for cross‑region recovery, monitoring, and automation, and sharing insights on ecosystem growth and community needs.
This tutorial walks through installing Rook as a cloud‑native storage orchestrator on Kubernetes, deploying the Rook operator, creating a CephCluster CRD, verifying OSD and monitor pods, setting up the Rook toolbox, exposing the Ceph dashboard via a NodePort service, and configuring monitoring and access credentials.
This article presents Ant Financial’s extensive Service Mesh deployment, detailing its evolution from research to a global‑scale mesh of over 100 k pods, performance measurements, optimization techniques, operational practices, migration strategies, and practical recommendations for organizations considering Service Mesh adoption.
The article recounts Lingque Cloud’s five‑year evolution toward a fully cloud‑native architecture, detailing its transition from container images to Helm charts, the adoption of Kubernetes, micro‑service governance, and the open‑source projects Kube‑OVN and Captain that address networking and Helm limitations.
The presentation at the 2019 Shanghai Open Source Infrastructure Summit introduced Kube-OVN, an open‑source CNI that ports mature OpenStack networking concepts to Kubernetes, outlining its design principles, architecture, current release status, and future roadmap.
This article explains the drawbacks of a traditional Jenkins master‑slave setup, outlines a Kubernetes‑driven CI/CD solution that dynamically provisions Jenkins slaves as pods, details the deployment of custom Jenkins and SonarQube Docker images, and covers related Kubernetes resources, web‑terminal integration, and tuning tips.
The interview with Lingque Cloud CTO Chen Kai explores how cloud native has moved from popularization to practical implementation, covering Kubernetes maturity, Service Mesh and Serverless evolution, microservice governance challenges, digital transformation implications, and the company's latest platform upgrades.
This article introduces Alibaba's open‑source ChaosBlade tool, explains its experiment model and supported scenarios, shows how to install the ChaosBlade Operator on Kubernetes, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for creating, modifying, and cleaning up cloud‑native chaos experiments using both YAML resources and the blade CLI.
This article explains how Ant Financial designs and operates a large‑scale, highly available Kubernetes management platform—detailing its architecture, core operators, desired‑state controllers, fault‑self‑healing mechanisms, risk mitigation, and practical Q&A for production environments.
This article explains the background of storage snapshots in Kubernetes, the VolumeSnapshot and VolumeSnapshotClass APIs, the concept of storage topology, how delayed binding and topology‑aware scheduling solve common PV placement problems, and provides step‑by‑step YAML examples and a live demo of the whole workflow.
The article details Beijing Mobile’s CRM Order Center project, describing its cloud‑native, containerized micro‑service architecture, the rigorous DevOps Level‑2 technical‑operation assessment it passed, the challenges of multi‑team collaboration, and the future roadmap toward higher maturity, AI‑enabled AIOps, and broader enterprise adoption.
This article details Meituan's journey from early container adoption to the HULK 2.0 platform, covering architecture, isolation, stability, performance, and promotion challenges, and shares the engineering solutions that enabled over 30,000 containers to run reliably at massive scale.
In an interview, Alibaba technical expert Sun Jianbo explains the inherent complexity of Kubernetes, the challenges of managing stateful applications and Operators, and how Alibaba’s large‑scale practice, a four‑layer delivery model, and the Open Application Model (OAM) provide concrete solutions for cloud‑native application management.
This article explains how Linux capabilities replace the traditional SUID mechanism to provide fine‑grained root privilege control, detailing capability sets, inheritance rules, practical examples with ping and Docker, and a step‑by‑step formula for execve() behavior.
Meituan‑Dianping describes its evolution from a custom Docker‑based scheduler (HULK1.0) to an open‑source Kubernetes‑based platform (HULK2.0), detailing architecture, resource‑management strategies, scheduler optimizations, Kubelet enhancements, and online‑cluster tuning that together enable stable, cost‑effective operation of a 100k+ node fleet.
At the 2019 Cloud Native State of the Union speech, CTO Chen Kai highlighted the maturation of cloud native technologies, the central role of Kubernetes and operators, the shift toward hybrid and multi‑cloud deployments, and practical guidance for adopting cloud native infrastructure, service mesh, and API management in enterprises.
This article explains Kubernetes’ fundamental network model, detailing the three core constraints and four design goals, exploring network namespaces, comparing Underlay and Overlay approaches, reviewing popular CNI solutions such as Flannel, Calico, Cilium and WeaveNet, and outlining practical NetworkPolicy configuration steps.
This article explains how Ant Financial designs and operates a large‑scale, highly available Kubernetes management platform—using end‑state driven operators, custom CRDs, self‑healing mechanisms, and risk‑mitigation strategies—to reliably run thousands of nodes and dozens of business clusters in production.
58 Group’s recent technical salon showcased how AI technologies such as voice dialogue robots, intelligent advertising algorithms, personalized recommendation systems, and a Kubernetes‑based deep learning platform are being deployed across its real‑estate, recruitment, used‑car, and local services businesses to improve efficiency, user experience, and revenue.
This guide explains how to use Alibaba Cloud Toolkit to automate one‑click deployment of applications to Alibaba Cloud Container Service Kubernetes and to generic hosts, covering plugin installation, credential setup, Docker image packaging, and step‑by‑step deployment configuration to dramatically accelerate development workflows.
This article examines the evolution of network architectures from traditional tree‑topology back‑ends to peer‑to‑peer designs, explores pure and hybrid P2P models, and provides practical guidance for deploying and managing multi‑cloud P2P networks using Kubernetes, Flannel, DNS and platform‑based automation.
This article explains how Kubernetes solves common pod launch challenges—variable configuration, sensitive data, authentication, resource limits, security isolation, and pre‑start checks—by using ConfigMaps, Secrets, ServiceAccounts, Resources, SecurityContext, and InitContainers, with practical creation commands and usage patterns.
The Open Application Model (OAM) is a cloud‑native standard that separates application definition from infrastructure, enabling developers and operators to work independently, simplifying deployment, improving portability, and offering a smartphone‑like experience for managing cloud applications across diverse environments.
This guide explains how to replace Docker with Podman for hosting a static Hugo site, using a sidecar Envoy proxy, shared network namespaces, Kubernetes‑compatible pod definitions, and systemd services to achieve automatic startup and reliable service discovery.
This article details Meituan-Dianping's evolution from custom Docker‑based scaling to a Kubernetes‑driven, cloud‑native cluster management platform (HULK), describing its architecture, scheduler enhancements, Kubelet modifications, and resource‑optimization strategies for large‑scale operations.
This article explains how Spring Cloud Data Flow, together with Spring Cloud Skipper, enables developers to design, deploy, and manage event‑stream pipelines on Apache Kafka, covering ecosystem overview, pipeline components, Docker‑based local setup, stream creation, debugging, monitoring, and integration of Kafka Streams applications.
This article details VPGAME's end‑to‑end migration of its esports platform services to a Kubernetes‑based architecture, covering CI/CD tool selection, Docker and GitLab Runner setup, automated Docker image builds, and Kubernetes Deployment and Service templating with health checks, resource limits, logging and monitoring configurations.
This article provides a comprehensive guide to Kubernetes resource metadata, covering labels, annotations, ownerReferences, selector syntax, practical kubectl operations, and the underlying controller pattern that drives declarative API behavior in cloud‑native environments.
This article explains DevOps concepts, continuous integration, and how to build a Docker‑based DevOps environment that meets eight key requirements, then discusses Serverless computing, Alibaba Cloud's Serverless Application Engine and Function Compute, and forecasts the future impact of Serverless on cloud resource utilization and software development.
This guide walks through setting up password‑less SSH, downloading a specific Kubespray tag, customizing image repositories, configuring Docker mirrors, adjusting DNS and network plugins, and finally running Ansible playbooks to provision a HA Kubernetes 1.12.5 cluster.
This article walks you through deploying a WebSocket chat service and a gRPC ping service on Knative, covering repository cloning, Docker image preparation, Knative Service YAML configuration, kubectl deployment commands, and browser‑based verification to ensure the services run correctly in a serverless environment.
This roundup covers the open‑source launch of OAM, KubeVirt joining the CNCF Sandbox, the release of KubeAdvisor 1.0, several kube‑scheduler improvements, kubeadm usability upgrades, notable KEPs, VMware‑Tanzu project migrations, a tool for converting deprecated Kubernetes APIs, and a curated list of weekly technical readings.
This article explains how the Open Application Model (OAM), announced by Alibaba Cloud and Microsoft, aims to simplify cloud‑native application delivery by providing a standardized, declarative model that separates application description from operational traits, addressing the complexity of cloud app management.
The Open Application Model (OAM) introduced by Alibaba Cloud and Microsoft provides a platform‑agnostic, extensible standard that separates developer and operator concerns, defines reusable components and traits, and enables consistent, portable management of cloud‑native applications across diverse environments.
This guide explains how to create, delete, update, and label Kubernetes pods using YAML definitions and kubectl commands, covering pod architecture, networking, and practical examples such as port‑forwarding and label management.
This comprehensive guide explains core Kubernetes concepts—including Pods, Namespaces, Nodes, Services, Volumes, PersistentVolumes, Deployments, StatefulSets, DaemonSets, Ingress, Jobs, CronJobs, HPA, Service Accounts, Secrets, ConfigMaps, and Resource Quotas—along with practical kubectl commands and configuration details for effective cluster management.
This article details how Alibaba and Ant Financial tackled the performance and stability challenges of running Kubernetes at massive scale, describing their enhancements to etcd, API Server, scheduler, controller failover, load balancing, and other components that enabled a 10k‑node cluster to support the 2019 Tmall 618 promotion.
This article introduces Kubernetes as the leading open‑source container orchestration platform, outlines its primary features, explains its architecture with a diagram, and provides detailed descriptions of core components such as etcd, the API server, scheduler, controller manager, kubelet, and kube‑proxy, including their roles, mechanisms, and common configurations.
This guide walks through the architecture of Prometheus, the key Kubernetes monitoring metrics, and step‑by‑step instructions to deploy Prometheus, Grafana, and Alertmanager on a K8s cluster, configure RBAC, set up ConfigMaps, expose services, import dashboards, and test alert notifications via email.
Kube-OVN v0.8.0 adds a high‑availability active‑passive gateway, enhanced monitoring via a kubectl plugin and Prometheus‑exposed pinger, automatic port‑security, hostport support, and upgrades to OVN, OVS, and Go, while continuing to bring OpenStack‑grade networking features to Kubernetes.
The Youzan PaaS team migrated its VM‑based test environment to a Kubernetes cluster—integrating GitLab, Jenkins, and Harbor—to cut hardware costs, simplify deployment via Dockerfiles, adopt cloud‑native standards, and gain faster integration cycles, better isolation, and advanced features such as node affinity, security contexts, persistent volumes, and ingress routing.
The project replaces cumbersome manual management of thousands of heterogeneous CPU and GPU nodes for large‑scale reinforcement learning with a TKE‑based, containerized actor‑learner architecture that automates batch start/stop, provides elastic autoscaling, fault‑tolerant processes, shared model storage, and CI‑driven image deployment, cutting costs by up to two‑thirds while dramatically speeding experiment cycles.
This article shares Alibaba Cloud Container Platform's practical experience in improving container resource utilization by dynamically adjusting cgroup limits, describing real‑world challenges, the design of a policy‑engine solution, experimental results, lessons learned, and future directions for cloud‑native workloads.
This article provides a detailed source‑code walkthrough of Kubernetes' kube‑proxy IPVS load‑balancing mode, explaining the command‑line setup with cobra, the internal ProxyServer and Proxier structures, the BoundedFrequencyRunner, ServiceConfig handling, and the core syncProxyRules function that generates IPVS, iptables and ipset rules.
This article examines kube-proxy’s three load‑balancing modes, focusing on the IPVS implementation, and walks through its source code, command‑line setup with cobra, core structures like ProxyServer and Proxier, the async BoundedFrequencyRunner, and the detailed service and endpoint synchronization processes.
This article explains why private Docker image pulls often fail due to credential handling, walks through the OAuth 2.0 protocol, details Docker login and manifest retrieval steps, and shows how Kubernetes automates secure image pulling using secrets, admission controllers, and the Acr credential helper.
This guide walks Kubernetes beginners through the fundamentals of Job, CronJob, and DaemonSet controllers, explaining their use‑cases, key fields such as restartPolicy, backoffLimit, parallelism, and schedule, and provides step‑by‑step YAML examples and command‑line verification to illustrate parallel execution, scheduling, and update strategies.
This article explains Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster networking, detailing the flannel‑based implementation, the three‑level configuration (cluster, node, pod), the role of Cloud Controller Manager, virtual bridge cni0, and how pods achieve local, intra‑node, inter‑node, and external communication.
This article introduces Kubernetes as an industrial‑grade container orchestration platform, explains its key functions, architecture, core API objects such as Pod, Deployment, Service, and Namespace, and walks through a practical Minikube demo covering scheduling, self‑healing, rolling updates, and horizontal scaling.
This tutorial explains Kubernetes resource metadata—including spec, status, labels, annotations, and ownerReferences—demonstrates how to query and modify them with kubectl, and dives into the controller pattern, control loops, and the advantages of declarative APIs over imperative ones.
The article examines three practical ways to adopt Kubernetes—Above, On, and In—explaining their target scenarios, benefits, trade‑offs, and real‑world examples such as Alibaba Sigma, Meituan HULK2.0, JDOS 2.0, and OpenKruise, to help organizations choose the most suitable deployment model.
Istio 1.3 introduces automatic protocol detection, no‑Mixer telemetry, removal of required containerPort declarations, enhanced custom Envoy configuration, region‑aware load balancing and numerous monitoring and debugging improvements, all while keeping the service mesh transparent to applications.
This article explains how to migrate a Mesos+Marathon environment to OpenShift and configure Prometheus Operator ServiceMonitor resources, including service creation, ServiceMonitor definition, and verification steps, with full YAML examples and screenshots of the monitoring UI.
This article introduces Kubernetes' fundamental components such as Pods, Deployments, Services, compares it with Docker Swarm, shares practical usage of the Wayne dashboard, provides deployment best‑practice notes, and presents performance test results of a self‑built cluster versus bare‑metal Java workloads.
This article details Lagou's migration of production workloads from traditional VMs to UK8S, covering business architecture, stateful container deployment, sidecar log collection, dual monitoring stacks, service exposure strategies, configuration management, CI/CD pipelines, and future plans for autoscaling.
