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IoT Full-Stack Technology
IoT Full-Stack Technology
Apr 21, 2026 · Industry Insights

What’s New in the Upcoming ESP32‑S31 Compared to the ESP32‑P4?

The ESP32‑S31 is a new dual‑core RISC‑V wireless microcontroller from Espressif featuring a high‑performance core, low‑power core, 62 GPIO, gigabit Ethernet, Wi‑Fi, Bluetooth, 802.15.4, GPU, VPU and extensive peripherals, but it lacks some multimedia interfaces found in the ESP32‑P4, making its media capabilities more limited while still being possibly the most powerful ESP32 SoC released.

ESP32-S31EspressifMicrocontroller
0 likes · 3 min read
What’s New in the Upcoming ESP32‑S31 Compared to the ESP32‑P4?
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Mar 23, 2026 · Fundamentals

Why Using STM32 HAL Beats Hand‑Coding Registers for Fast Prototyping

The article argues that beginners should skip exhaustive register manuals, use STM32's HAL library and CubeMX to quickly build functional projects, then deepen their understanding of registers only when performance or special needs arise, emphasizing practical experience over premature low‑level study.

CubeMXHALLearning Path
0 likes · 5 min read
Why Using STM32 HAL Beats Hand‑Coding Registers for Fast Prototyping
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jan 27, 2026 · Fundamentals

Master STM32 GPIO: All 8 Modes Explained with Code Samples

This tutorial walks through STM32's eight GPIO operating modes—four inputs and four outputs—detailing their electrical behavior, typical use cases, configuration steps, and providing complete HAL code examples to help embedded developers choose the right mode for reliable designs.

GPIOHALHardware
0 likes · 16 min read
Master STM32 GPIO: All 8 Modes Explained with Code Samples
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Dec 22, 2025 · Fundamentals

Mastering STM32 ADC: From Sampling to Accurate Voltage Measurement

This article explains the fundamental concepts and step‑by‑step workflow of ADC conversion in embedded systems, covering sampling, hold, quantization, encoding, and output stages, and provides detailed STM32 HAL code examples along with tips for improving accuracy.

ADCAnalog-to-DigitalMicrocontroller
0 likes · 13 min read
Mastering STM32 ADC: From Sampling to Accurate Voltage Measurement
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Nov 19, 2025 · Fundamentals

Dynamic Function Loading on STM32 Microcontrollers: A Practical Guide

This guide explains how to use a custom dynamic loader library on STM32 (Cortex‑M7) microcontrollers, covering project structure, installation steps, and runtime usage to load relocatable AXF files into RAM similarly to DLLs or shared objects.

Dynamic LoadingMicrocontrollerSTM32
0 likes · 7 min read
Dynamic Function Loading on STM32 Microcontrollers: A Practical Guide
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Nov 4, 2025 · Fundamentals

Top Open‑Source MCU Libraries and Projects for Embedded Development

This article curates a collection of popular open‑source microcontroller projects, covering practical software modules such as MultiButton, QueueForMcu, and StateMachine, complete hardware projects like TinyGameEngine and HomeAutomation, IoT platforms, creative gadgets, and debugging tools, each with repository links, feature highlights, usage examples, and code snippets.

HardwareIoTMicrocontroller
0 likes · 13 min read
Top Open‑Source MCU Libraries and Projects for Embedded Development
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Oct 5, 2025 · Fundamentals

Master Layered and Time‑Slice Design for Microcontroller Projects

This article explains how to apply layered architecture and time‑slice (time‑slot) design in microcontroller programming, using a keypad‑scanning example to illustrate hardware, driver, and application layers, and shows how RTC‑based interrupts can manage multiple concurrent timers efficiently.

C ProgrammingMicrocontrollerTime Slicing
0 likes · 15 min read
Master Layered and Time‑Slice Design for Microcontroller Projects
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Sep 17, 2025 · Fundamentals

Mastering Event‑Driven Design and State Machines for Embedded Firmware

This article explains how event‑driven programming and state‑machine concepts can be applied to microcontroller firmware, compares a simple flag‑based approach with a message‑queue solution, and presents a reusable GF1.0 framework that combines ISR, message buffering, and a main state machine for robust embedded systems.

Message QueueMicrocontrollerembedded systems
0 likes · 32 min read
Mastering Event‑Driven Design and State Machines for Embedded Firmware
Linux Tech Enthusiast
Linux Tech Enthusiast
Sep 12, 2025 · Fundamentals

Why Every Embedded Engineer Should Master DMA (Direct Memory Access)

This article explains the purpose, operation modes, configuration parameters, and register-level setup of DMA in STM32 microcontrollers, illustrating how DMA offloads data transfers from the CPU, improves performance, and provides concrete code examples for UART and memory‑to‑memory transfers.

DMADirect Memory AccessMicrocontroller
0 likes · 23 min read
Why Every Embedded Engineer Should Master DMA (Direct Memory Access)
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
May 12, 2025 · Fundamentals

Why cJSON Is the Ideal Lightweight JSON Parser for Resource‑Constrained MCUs

This article introduces cJSON, a tiny open‑source C library designed for embedded systems, explains its core features, shows how to create, parse, and manipulate JSON data on microcontrollers, and provides practical code examples for configuration management, command handling, and data logging.

C libraryConfiguration ManagementMicrocontroller
0 likes · 7 min read
Why cJSON Is the Ideal Lightweight JSON Parser for Resource‑Constrained MCUs
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Feb 26, 2025 · Fundamentals

14 Popular Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) Compared: Features & Use Cases

This article introduces fourteen mainstream RTOS—including μClinux, μC/OS-II, eCos, FreeRTOS, mbed OS, RTX, VxWorks, QNX, NuttX, djyos, AliOS Things, Huawei LiteOS, RT-Thread, and SylixOS—detailing their characteristics, hardware requirements, strengths, and typical application scenarios for embedded development.

FreeRTOSIoTLinux
0 likes · 16 min read
14 Popular Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) Compared: Features & Use Cases
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Oct 8, 2024 · Fundamentals

How to Implement Lightweight System Logging on Resource‑Constrained MCUs

This article explains a compact method for recording system logs on embedded devices with limited storage, detailing flash memory partitioning, data structures, parameter handling, and a set of AT‑style commands for querying, writing, and managing logs in external flash.

Microcontrollerflash memorysystem logging
0 likes · 24 min read
How to Implement Lightweight System Logging on Resource‑Constrained MCUs
Python Programming Learning Circle
Python Programming Learning Circle
Sep 30, 2024 · Fundamentals

Using MicroPython for Microcontroller Development

This article explains how MicroPython, a lightweight Python 3 implementation, enables programming on microcontrollers with limited resources, outlines hardware requirements, showcases example I2C code, and discusses its growing ecosystem alongside traditional C development.

IoTMicroPythonMicrocontroller
0 likes · 4 min read
Using MicroPython for Microcontroller Development
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jul 21, 2024 · Fundamentals

How to Recreate a 1984 Macintosh 128K on a $5 RP2040 Pico

This article details how a developer rebuilt the original Macintosh 128K using a low‑cost RP2040 microcontroller, covering the hardware design for VGA output, the software stack built around the Musashi 68‑bit emulator, performance‑tuning tricks, and the remaining limitations such as running MacPaint.

EmulationMacintoshMicrocontroller
0 likes · 22 min read
How to Recreate a 1984 Macintosh 128K on a $5 RP2040 Pico
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
May 28, 2024 · Backend Development

How to Diagnose and Fix Common Embedded Development Issues

This guide explains why embedded development seems difficult and provides a systematic approach to reproducing, locating, analyzing, and resolving typical embedded problems—including simulation conditions, log printing, online debugging, version rollback, binary search commenting, register snapshots, stack overflow, and hardware quirks—plus regression testing and experience summary.

Microcontrollerdebuggingembedded
0 likes · 11 min read
How to Diagnose and Fix Common Embedded Development Issues
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Mar 24, 2024 · Fundamentals

Mastering MCU: History, Features, and Programming Tips for Embedded Engineers

An extensive guide covering MCU fundamentals, from its definition and rapid historical evolution, through classification, core functions, leading manufacturers, practical learning strategies, typical program architecture, and detailed C code examples, offering engineers essential knowledge for effective microcontroller development and application.

HardwareMCUMicrocontroller
0 likes · 38 min read
Mastering MCU: History, Features, and Programming Tips for Embedded Engineers
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Dec 21, 2023 · Fundamentals

Why Global Variables Kill Embedded C Projects—and How to Tame Them

The article warns that overusing global variables in os‑less embedded C projects creates tangled code, blurs system layers, and leads to maintenance nightmares, then offers two core principles and practical tips to limit, encapsulate, and manage globals for more reliable firmware.

Embedded CMicrocontrollerSoftware Architecture
0 likes · 7 min read
Why Global Variables Kill Embedded C Projects—and How to Tame Them
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Dec 14, 2023 · Fundamentals

Mastering PWM on STM32: From Simple Loops to Hardware Timer Output

This article explains PWM fundamentals, compares several output methods ranging from blocking loops to hardware timer generation, and provides complete STM32F1 example code—including macro definitions, timer configuration, output functions, and practical tips on pin mapping and precision.

HardwareMicrocontrollerPWM
0 likes · 8 min read
Mastering PWM on STM32: From Simple Loops to Hardware Timer Output
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Nov 26, 2023 · Fundamentals

Master STM32CubeMX: From Installation to a Complete LED Blinking Project

This step‑by‑step guide walks you through preparing the Java runtime, installing STM32CubeMX, configuring clocks, GPIOs, and core settings, and finally generating and flashing code for a blinking‑LED demo on an STM32F103 board, while highlighting best practices for beginners.

CubeMXLEDMicrocontroller
0 likes · 9 min read
Master STM32CubeMX: From Installation to a Complete LED Blinking Project
Deepin Linux
Deepin Linux
Nov 24, 2023 · Fundamentals

Embedded Software Interview Experience and Technical Review

This article shares a comprehensive embedded software interview guide, covering written‑test topics such as structs vs. unions, linked lists, pointer safety, endianness detection, and a strcpy implementation, followed by technical interview tips, HR interview advice, and concluding remarks.

Data StructuresLinuxMicrocontroller
0 likes · 22 min read
Embedded Software Interview Experience and Technical Review
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Nov 18, 2023 · Fundamentals

How to Build a Fully Decoupled Time‑Slice Scheduling Framework for Microcontrollers

This article explains why a solid program architecture is essential for embedded projects, introduces a lightweight time‑slice scheduling framework that separates OS logic from user code, and provides complete C source files—including an intrusive doubly‑linked list implementation—to help developers quickly create and manage tasks on a microcontroller.

Intrusive Linked ListMicrocontrollerTime Slice Scheduling
0 likes · 11 min read
How to Build a Fully Decoupled Time‑Slice Scheduling Framework for Microcontrollers
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Oct 13, 2023 · Frontend Development

Top Embedded GUI Frameworks for Microcontrollers: LVGL, TouchGFX, Qt for MCU and More

This article provides an overview of popular embedded GUI libraries—including LVGL, TouchGFX, Embedded Wizard, emWin, Qt for MCU, Crack Storyboard, Altia, μGFX, ThreadX GUIX and LLGUI—detailing their key features, supported hardware, licensing models and example screenshots to help developers choose the right solution for their microcontroller projects.

LVGLMicrocontrollerQt for MCU
0 likes · 12 min read
Top Embedded GUI Frameworks for Microcontrollers: LVGL, TouchGFX, Qt for MCU and More
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jul 30, 2023 · Fundamentals

How Event‑Driven State Machines Power Embedded Systems: From ISR to Message Queues

This article explains the principles of event‑driven programming and state‑machine design for microcontrollers, compares them with interrupt handling, introduces a message‑based architecture with concrete data structures and APIs, and shows how to build a reusable framework that solves ordering and loss problems in embedded applications.

Event-drivenISRMicrocontroller
0 likes · 33 min read
How Event‑Driven State Machines Power Embedded Systems: From ISR to Message Queues
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Mar 29, 2023 · Fundamentals

What Happens When main() Returns on a Bare‑Metal Microcontroller?

In bare‑metal embedded systems without an RTOS, the fate of a program after the C main() function returns varies by compiler, and understanding the startup code and post‑main behavior explains why LEDs may flicker or why an infinite loop is often required.

C ProgrammingMicrocontrollerembedded systems
0 likes · 6 min read
What Happens When main() Returns on a Bare‑Metal Microcontroller?
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Nov 2, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding DMA (Direct Memory Access) in STM32 Microcontrollers

This article explains the principles, transfer modes, parameters, features, and register configuration of Direct Memory Access (DMA) in STM32 microcontrollers, illustrating how DMA offloads data movement from the CPU, improves performance, and integrates with peripherals, memory, and interrupt handling.

DMADirect Memory AccessMicrocontroller
0 likes · 16 min read
Understanding DMA (Direct Memory Access) in STM32 Microcontrollers
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Jun 3, 2020 · Cloud Computing

Hello‑IoT Creative Desktop Ornament: An IoT Product Built with TencentOS tiny and IoT Explorer

The award‑winning ‘Hello‑IoT Creative Desktop Ornament’ demonstrates how TencentOS tiny and the Tencent Cloud IoT Explorer, combined with a Wi‑Fi‑enabled STM32‑based device and a WeChat Mini‑Program, enable rapid, low‑cost development of a customizable, remotely controllable desktop accessory.

IoTIoT ExplorerMicrocontroller
0 likes · 11 min read
Hello‑IoT Creative Desktop Ornament: An IoT Product Built with TencentOS tiny and IoT Explorer
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jan 14, 2020 · Fundamentals

History and Classification of ARM Processors

This article traces the origins of ARM from its 1978 founding, outlines the evolution of its classic and Cortex processor families, and explains the distinctions among application, real‑time, and microcontroller processors, providing a concise overview of ARM’s product classifications.

ARMMicrocontrollercortex
0 likes · 11 min read
History and Classification of ARM Processors
ITPUB
ITPUB
Aug 19, 2016 · Fundamentals

Mastering STM32 NVIC Interrupt Priority Groups: A Practical Guide

This article explains STM32's 43 interrupt channels and how the AIRC register's 4-bit priority fields are divided into pre‑emptive and sub‑priority groups, illustrating each NVIC_PriorityGroup setting with concrete code examples and step‑by‑step configuration instructions.

InterruptPriorityMicrocontrollerNVIC
0 likes · 9 min read
Mastering STM32 NVIC Interrupt Priority Groups: A Practical Guide