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Mingyi World Elasticsearch
Mingyi World Elasticsearch
May 12, 2026 · Backend Development

From Zero to One: Building a Personalized E‑commerce Search with Easysearch

The article walks through constructing a fully personalized e‑commerce search system using Easysearch and Python Flask, detailing product modeling, behavior collection, profile building with time decay and LLM augmentation, and how to inject these signals into Elasticsearch DSL for real‑time, user‑specific ranking and recommendation.

EasysearchElasticsearchLLM
0 likes · 18 min read
From Zero to One: Building a Personalized E‑commerce Search with Easysearch
Huolala Tech
Huolala Tech
Oct 17, 2025 · Big Data

How HuoLala Accelerated User Profiling 30× Faster with Apache Doris

This article details how HuoLala built a high‑performance user profiling platform on Apache Doris, redesigning data models, leveraging bitmap storage, and applying query‑level optimizations to achieve up to 30‑fold speed gains, lower memory usage, and scalable real‑time analytics.

Apache DorisBig DataBitmap
0 likes · 17 min read
How HuoLala Accelerated User Profiling 30× Faster with Apache Doris
JD Retail Technology
JD Retail Technology
Nov 6, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

Explainability Practices in JD Retail Recommendation System

This article describes the definition, architecture, and practical applications of explainability in JD's retail recommendation system, covering ranking, model, and traffic explainability, system challenges, data infrastructure, and specific techniques such as SHAP and Integrated Gradients for interpreting model decisions.

AITraffic analysisexplainability
0 likes · 17 min read
Explainability Practices in JD Retail Recommendation System
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Oct 29, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

Technical Maturity Curve of User Profiling and Tag Systems in the Large‑Model Era

This article explains the concept of a technology maturity curve, why it should be evaluated, and how user profiling and tag systems evolve under the influence of large‑model AI, detailing seven key assessment dimensions and a comprehensive architecture that guides enterprises in strategic decision‑making.

AITechnology Maturitylarge models
0 likes · 21 min read
Technical Maturity Curve of User Profiling and Tag Systems in the Large‑Model Era
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Aug 8, 2024 · Big Data

Building a User Profile Data Warehouse at 58.com: Architecture, Modeling, and Practices

This article details the design and implementation of a user‑profile data warehouse at 58.com, covering data‑warehouse fundamentals, user‑profile tag generation, layered architecture, dimensional modeling choices, ETL migration from Hive to Spark, data‑quality safeguards, and the resulting scale of tables, metrics and tags.

ETLdimensional modelinguser profiling
0 likes · 20 min read
Building a User Profile Data Warehouse at 58.com: Architecture, Modeling, and Practices
Data Thinking Notes
Data Thinking Notes
Jul 18, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

How to Build and Apply a Scalable User Profile Tag System

This article explains how companies can integrate independent user‑profile tag systems into a unified framework, covering tag definitions, demand sources, classification, construction methods, update cycles, platform architecture, common algorithms, and practical applications such as marketing, KPI attribution, and A/B test analysis.

CDPdata modelingmarketing analytics
0 likes · 15 min read
How to Build and Apply a Scalable User Profile Tag System
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Jul 5, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

Building and Applying a User Profile Tagging System: Practices and Insights

This article presents a comprehensive overview of constructing and deploying a user and item profiling tag system at Qunar, covering tag taxonomy, integration challenges, technical architectures, algorithmic methods such as classification, recommendation, knowledge‑graph and causal inference, as well as real‑time streaming, ID‑mapping, and practical applications in marketing, attribution and A/B testing.

AB testingTagging Systemdata engineering
0 likes · 21 min read
Building and Applying a User Profile Tagging System: Practices and Insights
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Jun 20, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

User Profiling Algorithms: From Ontology‑Based Methods to Deep Learning and Large Model Integration

This article provides a comprehensive overview of user profiling algorithms, covering the evolution from ontology‑based traditional methods to modern deep‑learning approaches, including structured label prediction, representation learning, active learning, and large‑model integration, while discussing challenges, practical applications, and future research directions.

Deep LearningOntologyactive learning
0 likes · 26 min read
User Profiling Algorithms: From Ontology‑Based Methods to Deep Learning and Large Model Integration
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Jun 5, 2024 · Fundamentals

User Portrait Tagging: Construction, Feature Processing, and Evaluation

This article provides a comprehensive guide on building user portrait tags—from basic attribute tags to business and strategy tags—detailing data collection methods, feature engineering techniques such as cleaning, time decay, and smoothing, and evaluation metrics for cohesion and stability, aimed at data product managers and analysts.

Evaluation Metricsfeature engineeringproduct-management
0 likes · 12 min read
User Portrait Tagging: Construction, Feature Processing, and Evaluation
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Jun 2, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

Construction and Application of a User Profile Tag System: Methods, Platforms, and Use Cases

This article presents a comprehensive overview of building a user profile tag system—including tag taxonomy, platform architecture, construction methods, update cycles, access patterns, common algorithmic tags, and real‑world applications such as marketing, metric attribution, and A/B testing—illustrated with examples and a detailed Q&A session from a data‑mining senior manager at Qunar.

AB testingcausal inferencedata mining
0 likes · 21 min read
Construction and Application of a User Profile Tag System: Methods, Platforms, and Use Cases
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Apr 2, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

User Portrait Algorithms: From Ontology‑Based Methods to Deep Learning and Future Directions

This article provides a comprehensive overview of user portrait algorithms, covering their historical development, ontology‑based traditional approaches, deep‑learning enhancements, representation‑learning techniques such as lookalike, active‑learning driven iteration, and the integration of large‑model world knowledge, while also discussing current challenges and future research directions.

Deep LearningOntologyRecommendation Systems
0 likes · 26 min read
User Portrait Algorithms: From Ontology‑Based Methods to Deep Learning and Future Directions
Data Thinking Notes
Data Thinking Notes
Mar 27, 2024 · Big Data

How to Build and Optimize a Scalable User Profiling Platform from Scratch

This article explains the value of user profiling platforms, outlines their core functions, presents a layered architecture with open‑source options, and details engineering optimizations—from wide‑table design to BitMap caching and task‑mode execution—while also discussing current industry trends.

Big DataPerformance Optimizationdata engineering
0 likes · 18 min read
How to Build and Optimize a Scalable User Profiling Platform from Scratch
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Mar 26, 2024 · Fundamentals

User Profile Tagging: Construction, Feature Processing, and Evaluation

This article systematically explains the fundamentals of user profile tags, covering basic attribute tags, business and strategy-oriented tags, detailed feature processing methods such as anomaly handling, time decay, and smoothing, and provides evaluation metrics for cohesion and stability, supplemented by a practical Q&A session.

KPI alignmentRFM modelfeature engineering
0 likes · 12 min read
User Profile Tagging: Construction, Feature Processing, and Evaluation
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Mar 6, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

Construction and Practical Application of a User Profile Tagging System

This article details the design, integration, and operational practices of a comprehensive user and item profiling tag system, covering tag taxonomy, construction methods, update cycles, access strategies, algorithmic implementations, and real‑world applications such as marketing, attribution analysis, and A/B testing.

AB testingKnowledge GraphTagging System
0 likes · 20 min read
Construction and Practical Application of a User Profile Tagging System
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Mar 2, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

Construction and Application of User Portraits in Credit Scenarios

This article explains how to build a comprehensive user‑portrait feature system for credit business, covering business goals, data collection, labeling, modeling workflow, technical challenges, multi‑source fusion, deployment, evaluation, management, practical applications, and future extensions using AI and big‑data techniques.

credit riskdata fusionfinancial technology
0 likes · 18 min read
Construction and Application of User Portraits in Credit Scenarios
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Feb 10, 2024 · Big Data

User Profile Platform: Architecture, Core Functions, and Engineering Optimization Strategies

This article presents a comprehensive overview of a user profile platform, covering its value, typical functionalities, layered architecture with open‑source implementations, and detailed engineering optimization techniques such as wide‑table generation, crowd selection, bitmap usage, and task‑based processing to improve performance and scalability.

BitmapReal-Timearchitecture
0 likes · 19 min read
User Profile Platform: Architecture, Core Functions, and Engineering Optimization Strategies
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Feb 5, 2024 · Fundamentals

User Portrait Tagging: Construction, Feature Processing, and Evaluation

This article explains how to build user portrait tags—from basic attribute tags to business and strategy tags—covers methods for data collection, anomaly handling, time decay, smoothing, and evaluates tag quality using cohesion, stability, and AUC-related metrics to support data‑driven product decisions.

Data ScienceEvaluation Metricsfeature engineering
0 likes · 12 min read
User Portrait Tagging: Construction, Feature Processing, and Evaluation
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Dec 23, 2023 · Big Data

Common Optimization Points in Building a User Portrait Platform

The presentation by Zhang Xinglong, head of the user understanding center's portrait platform backend, outlines the platform's overall architecture, core module optimizations, advanced crowd creation techniques, bitmap usage, and industry trends, helping the audience understand platform importance, performance improvements, and future directions.

BackendDistributed Systemsoptimization
0 likes · 3 min read
Common Optimization Points in Building a User Portrait Platform
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Dec 20, 2023 · Artificial Intelligence

Building and Applying an Image Tagging System: Architecture, Tag Design, Algorithms, and Business Use Cases

This presentation by senior data mining manager Zhou Yuanwei of Qunar outlines the architecture of an image tagging platform, the construction of a comprehensive tagging system, common algorithmic tags, and real-world applications such as look‑alike marketing, A/B test efficiency analysis, and business attribution, helping audiences understand tag types, design considerations, and value‑driven use cases.

AB testingBusiness Analyticsdata mining
0 likes · 2 min read
Building and Applying an Image Tagging System: Architecture, Tag Design, Algorithms, and Business Use Cases
Python Programming Learning Circle
Python Programming Learning Circle
Dec 7, 2023 · Fundamentals

Practical Python Implementation of Credit Card User Profiling Using SQL and Data Visualization

This tutorial demonstrates a complete workflow for building credit‑card user profiles by first extracting and transforming the KDD99 dataset with SQL, then applying Python libraries such as pandas, matplotlib, and seaborn to perform descriptive statistics and produce visualizations of demographic, transaction, and financial characteristics.

PythonSQLSeaborn
0 likes · 12 min read
Practical Python Implementation of Credit Card User Profiling Using SQL and Data Visualization
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Nov 7, 2023 · Big Data

Comprehensive Guide to User Crowd Analysis: Distribution, Metrics, Drill‑down, Cross, and Comparative Methods with Implementation Details

This article explains the concepts, analytical methods, visualizations, and SQL implementation of user crowd analysis—including distribution, metric, drill‑down, cross, and comparative analyses—while also covering trend monitoring, TGI calculation, and handling of array‑type tags in ClickHouse and Hive.

ClickHouseData visualizationSQL
0 likes · 17 min read
Comprehensive Guide to User Crowd Analysis: Distribution, Metrics, Drill‑down, Cross, and Comparative Methods with Implementation Details
Data Thinking Notes
Data Thinking Notes
Sep 6, 2023 · Big Data

How to Build an Effective Tagging System for Data Platforms

This article explains what objects and tags are, distinguishes physical, network and electronic tags, outlines how to construct and manage a comprehensive tag taxonomy for user profiling, product labeling, and data platforms, and details quality assessment criteria for tags in DMP, CDP, and recommendation systems.

CDPDMPData Platform
0 likes · 13 min read
How to Build an Effective Tagging System for Data Platforms
Data Thinking Notes
Data Thinking Notes
Aug 21, 2023 · Product Management

How User Profiling Drives Personalized Marketing and Product Innovation

This article explains the fundamentals, principles, methodologies, and practical applications of user profiling, covering core concepts such as user characteristics, behavior, preferences, needs, and value, the data collection-to-model pipeline, common models like RFM, clustering, association rules, text mining, and how these insights enable personalized recommendation, precise marketing, brand management, service optimization, CRM, market research, and product innovation.

RFM modelSentiment Analysisassociation rules
0 likes · 14 min read
How User Profiling Drives Personalized Marketing and Product Innovation
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Aug 21, 2023 · Artificial Intelligence

Can We Build Large-Scale Models for Recommendation Systems?

In this talk, Zhang Pengtao, a Sina Weibo technical expert with a Ph.D. in computer applications, explores how the strong memory capabilities of NLP large language models inspire the design of independent memory mechanisms for recommendation systems, covering model concepts, HCNet & MemoNet, experimental results, and practical takeaways for enhancing recommendation model performance.

AIMemory MechanismsRecommendation Systems
0 likes · 2 min read
Can We Build Large-Scale Models for Recommendation Systems?
360 Tech Engineering
360 Tech Engineering
Jun 2, 2023 · Big Data

Overcoming Challenges in User Profiling: A Big Data‑Driven Framework for Precise Marketing

The article outlines how a unified, big‑data‑based user profiling platform addresses traditional data silos, high costs, and limited functionality by standardizing tags, integrating Spark and RHadoop processing, and enabling a closed‑loop marketing workflow that improves accuracy and operational efficiency.

Big DataData IntegrationMarketing Automation
0 likes · 7 min read
Overcoming Challenges in User Profiling: A Big Data‑Driven Framework for Precise Marketing
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Apr 14, 2023 · Big Data

An Overview of User Profiling: Definitions, Elements, Types, Dimensions, Applications, and Development Process

This article provides a comprehensive introduction to user profiling, covering its definition, key elements, classification types, common dimensions, practical application scenarios, lifecycle considerations, development workflow, and validation methods for building effective data‑driven user models.

Big DataMarketingRecommendation Systems
0 likes · 10 min read
An Overview of User Profiling: Definitions, Elements, Types, Dimensions, Applications, and Development Process
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Mar 13, 2023 · Big Data

Building and Operating a User Portrait Platform: Architecture, Practices, and Case Studies from Kuakan Comics

This article presents a comprehensive overview of Kuakan Comics' user portrait platform, detailing its product architecture, data‑warehouse modeling, device‑ID strategies, multi‑business tag integration, composite tag support, real‑world applications, and future directions for large‑scale data‑driven personalization.

Tag Managementcross‑business integrationdevice ID
0 likes · 32 min read
Building and Operating a User Portrait Platform: Architecture, Practices, and Case Studies from Kuakan Comics
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Jan 29, 2023 · Big Data

User Profiling: Development Process and Applications in Data Intelligence

The article explains how user profiling—labeling users' habits, behaviors, and attributes—serves as the foundation for big‑data‑driven personalized recommendation, advertising, and intelligent marketing, and outlines a step‑by‑step development workflow from tag design to service deployment.

Data IntelligenceTaggingmarketing analytics
0 likes · 5 min read
User Profiling: Development Process and Applications in Data Intelligence
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Jan 27, 2023 · Big Data

User Profiling: Development Process and Applications in Data Intelligence

The article explains how user profiling—labeling user habits, behaviors, and attributes—has become essential for refined user operations, outlines a step‑by‑step development workflow, and highlights its role in personalized recommendation, precise advertising, and intelligent marketing within the big‑data ecosystem.

Data AnalyticsTaggingpersonalization
0 likes · 4 min read
User Profiling: Development Process and Applications in Data Intelligence
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Jan 24, 2023 · Big Data

Building a Real-Time Data and User Profiling Architecture with Apache Doris at Zhihu

The article details Zhihu's data empowerment team's design and implementation of a low‑cost, high‑response real‑time data platform built on Apache Doris, covering real‑time business metrics, algorithm features, and user profiling, and explains the challenges, architectural choices, tooling, performance gains, and future directions.

Apache DorisData IntegrationData Quality
0 likes · 22 min read
Building a Real-Time Data and User Profiling Architecture with Apache Doris at Zhihu
Xingsheng Youxuan Technology Community
Xingsheng Youxuan Technology Community
Nov 23, 2022 · Databases

How X‑star Secured Huawei’s Cloud Innovation Award with High‑Performance User Profiling

The X‑star solution from XingSheng YouXuan’s tech team won second prize in Huawei’s 2022 Developer Competition by delivering high‑performance user‑profile selection and cost‑effective database innovations on Huawei Cloud, showcasing business, commercial, and technical value for improved marketing efficiency and platform experience.

Case StudyDatabase OptimizationHuawei Cloud
0 likes · 5 min read
How X‑star Secured Huawei’s Cloud Innovation Award with High‑Performance User Profiling
DeWu Technology
DeWu Technology
Oct 10, 2022 · Big Data

Offline and Real-Time User Profile Fusion Architecture

The architecture combines a nightly batch job that generates offline user profiles stored in HBase with a Flink‑based stream layer that lazily loads those profiles on app start and creates real‑time updates, then fuses both streams into a unified, timestamp‑ordered profile in Redis, forming a Lambda‑style pipeline.

Batch ProcessingFlinkHBase
0 likes · 10 min read
Offline and Real-Time User Profile Fusion Architecture
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Sep 29, 2022 · Big Data

Tagging System Overview, Construction Methodology, and Quality Assessment

This article explains what objects and tags are, distinguishes physical, network, and electronic tags, outlines the structure of tag taxonomy, describes its applications in DMP, CDP, recommendation and user profiling systems, and presents construction principles and quality evaluation criteria for tag systems.

CDPDMPData Quality
0 likes · 13 min read
Tagging System Overview, Construction Methodology, and Quality Assessment
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Sep 22, 2022 · Big Data

Architecture and Practices of Zhihu DMP System Based on Doris

This article presents a comprehensive overview of Zhihu's Data Management Platform (DMP), covering its business background, three core business modes, detailed architecture, offline and real‑time data pipelines, feature storage design, performance optimization techniques, and future iteration directions.

DMPData Platformdoris
0 likes · 14 min read
Architecture and Practices of Zhihu DMP System Based on Doris
Tencent Advertising Technology
Tencent Advertising Technology
Aug 15, 2022 · Artificial Intelligence

Mixture of Virtual‑Kernel Experts (MVKE) for Multi‑Objective User Profile Modeling

At KDD 2022, Tencent Advertising introduced the Multi‑Virtual‑Kernel Experts (MVKE) model, a novel multi‑task architecture that replaces traditional dual‑tower structures with virtual‑kernel experts and a gating mechanism to jointly learn user preferences across multiple actions and topics, achieving superior offline and online performance.

AdvertisingMVKEmulti-task learning
0 likes · 13 min read
Mixture of Virtual‑Kernel Experts (MVKE) for Multi‑Objective User Profile Modeling
StarRocks
StarRocks
Jul 22, 2022 · Big Data

How 37 Mobile Games Boosted Analytics with StarRocks: A Real‑World Performance Case Study

37 Mobile Games, a leading mobile game publisher, migrated its user‑profile analytics from a Hadoop‑Hudi‑Kafka‑Hive‑Flink stack to StarRocks, achieving sub‑second query latency on billion‑row tables, simplifying operations, reducing storage costs, and enabling real‑time data sync, as detailed in this technical case study.

Big DataOLAPPerformance Optimization
0 likes · 12 min read
How 37 Mobile Games Boosted Analytics with StarRocks: A Real‑World Performance Case Study
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Jul 17, 2022 · Artificial Intelligence

Evolution of OPPO Commercial Advertising Targeting: From Differentiated to Intelligent to Untargeted Practices

This article details OPPO's commercial advertising targeting evolution, covering the background and logic, the multi‑layer targeting system and data modeling, automated intelligent targeting methods, the shift to untargeted crowd recall, and future considerations for ad‑targeting technology.

AdvertisingOPPOmachine learning
0 likes · 13 min read
Evolution of OPPO Commercial Advertising Targeting: From Differentiated to Intelligent to Untargeted Practices
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Jul 6, 2022 · Big Data

Building Real‑Time User Profiles at Zhihu with Apache Doris: A Practical Guide

Zhihu's data‑empowerment team designed a low‑cost, high‑response real‑time data architecture on Apache Doris that powers business analytics, algorithm features, and user profiling, dramatically improving timeliness, reducing targeting costs, and boosting key performance metrics across multiple services.

Apache DorisPerformance Optimizationreal-time data
0 likes · 23 min read
Building Real‑Time User Profiles at Zhihu with Apache Doris: A Practical Guide
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jun 5, 2022 · Big Data

Real-Time Data and User Profiling Practices at Zhihu: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

This article presents a comprehensive case study of Zhihu's data empowerment team, detailing the design of a real‑time data platform and user profiling system, the challenges faced in scalability, latency, and data quality, and the practical solutions and architectural choices implemented to drive business value.

Data QualityLambda architecturedata pipeline
0 likes · 22 min read
Real-Time Data and User Profiling Practices at Zhihu: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions
Hulu Beijing
Hulu Beijing
May 6, 2022 · Big Data

Corrected Insights on Hulu/Disney Streaming Ad Targeting Technology

This notice corrects two editorial mistakes in the third part of the Hulu/Disney streaming ad platform series, clarifying demographic targeting methods, algorithmic user attribute inference, and secure data exchange with third‑party DMPs, while apologizing for any inconvenience caused.

Ad TargetingDMPstreaming advertising
0 likes · 3 min read
Corrected Insights on Hulu/Disney Streaming Ad Targeting Technology
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Apr 4, 2022 · Big Data

User Portrait Scenarios and Technical Implementation Solutions

This article presents a comprehensive overview of user portrait applications across various industries, detailing common scenarios, product functionalities, and a step‑by‑step technical solution that includes data collection, tag management, ETL pipelines, and service architecture for real‑time and offline processing.

ETLSCRMTag Management
0 likes · 18 min read
User Portrait Scenarios and Technical Implementation Solutions
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Mar 25, 2022 · Big Data

User Portrait Scenarios and Technical Implementation Solutions

This article presents a comprehensive overview of user‑portrait applications across industries such as internet TOC, e‑commerce, security and finance, explains product functions like tag metadata management, single‑user profiling, crowd selection and SOP, and details the underlying big‑data pipeline, ETL scheduling, data‑warehouse layers and technology stack required to support these use cases.

Marketing AutomationSCRMTagging
0 likes · 17 min read
User Portrait Scenarios and Technical Implementation Solutions
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Jan 30, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding and Building User Profiles: Definitions, Dimensions, Tagging, and Business Applications

This article explains the concept of user profiling, outlines common dimensions and tag structures, discusses its importance in marketing, finance and product design, and provides a step‑by‑step methodology for constructing, modeling, and applying user profiles in real‑world scenarios.

Customer Segmentationartificial intelligencedata tagging
0 likes · 24 min read
Understanding and Building User Profiles: Definitions, Dimensions, Tagging, and Business Applications
Big Data Technology & Architecture
Big Data Technology & Architecture
Nov 30, 2021 · Big Data

User Portrait Development Process and Key Deliverables

This article outlines a comprehensive seven‑stage workflow for building enterprise user portraits—from goal interpretation and requirement analysis through tag development, scheduling, service‑layer integration, productization, optimization, and finally deployment and performance tracking—highlighting critical outputs and common challenges at each step.

ETLdata engineeringtag development
0 likes · 8 min read
User Portrait Development Process and Key Deliverables
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Nov 6, 2021 · Big Data

Why User Profiling Projects Fail: Common Pitfalls and Deep Causes

The article analyzes why user profiling initiatives frequently collapse, highlighting surface mistakes such as confusing past behavior with future predictions, mixing behavior with motivation, and mistaking correlation for causation, while also exposing deeper issues like unrealistic business expectations, over‑reliance on static tags, and insufficient predictive modeling and causal analysis.

Big DataBusiness IntelligencePredictive Modeling
0 likes · 9 min read
Why User Profiling Projects Fail: Common Pitfalls and Deep Causes
NetEase Smart Enterprise Tech+
NetEase Smart Enterprise Tech+
Sep 26, 2021 · Databases

How ClickHouse Powers a Billion‑User Profiling Platform at Sub‑5‑Second Latency

This article shares NetEase’s experience building a user‑profile platform with ClickHouse, detailing the business background, challenges of massive data and complex queries, core table designs, data ingestion, bitmap techniques, performance gains, and future plans for scaling and optimization.

Bitmap IndexClickHouseReal-time analytics
0 likes · 13 min read
How ClickHouse Powers a Billion‑User Profiling Platform at Sub‑5‑Second Latency
Java Interview Crash Guide
Java Interview Crash Guide
Sep 16, 2021 · Artificial Intelligence

Inside Toutiao’s Recommendation Engine: Architecture, Features, and Safety

This article explains the architecture and key components of Toutiao’s recommendation system, covering system overview, content analysis, user tagging, evaluation methods, and content safety measures, and discusses practical implementation details such as feature engineering, model training, recall strategies, and online experimentation.

A/B testingcontent moderationfeature engineering
0 likes · 20 min read
Inside Toutiao’s Recommendation Engine: Architecture, Features, and Safety
Xianyu Technology
Xianyu Technology
Sep 2, 2021 · Artificial Intelligence

Real-time Product Matching and User Profiling System for Personalized Item Selection

The paper introduces a product‑matching and user‑profiling system that builds themed collections by comparing new items to cold‑start samples using a two‑stage similarity pipeline—exact edit‑distance and pHash checks followed by doc2vec and OCR‑based embeddings—and then profiles sellers with RFM and clustering to highlight attributes like recent C2C sales volume, achieving about 80 % precision in a license‑plate bidding scenario while outlining future fusion improvements.

Similarity Detectionmachine learningproduct selection
0 likes · 7 min read
Real-time Product Matching and User Profiling System for Personalized Item Selection
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Jul 30, 2021 · Big Data

NetEase Big Data Ecosystem and User Profiling Practices

This article presents an in‑depth overview of NetEase's massive big‑data ecosystem, its diverse product lines, the full‑link data platform matrix, user‑profile taxonomy, ID‑mapping techniques, regional domain insights, tag management, quality assurance mechanisms, and real‑world case studies demonstrating applications in marketing, recommendation, growth, and anti‑fraud scenarios.

Data PlatformID-MappingNetEase
0 likes · 13 min read
NetEase Big Data Ecosystem and User Profiling Practices
Big Data Technology & Architecture
Big Data Technology & Architecture
Jun 10, 2021 · Big Data

User Profiling: Concepts, Tag Classification, Tag‑System Construction, Applications and Implementation Steps

This article provides a comprehensive overview of user profiling, covering its definition, the five‑dimensional framework (goal, method, organization, standards, validation), various tag classifications, tag‑system architecture, modeling techniques, practical applications such as precise marketing and product innovation, and a step‑by‑step guide for building a profiling system using big‑data and AI methods.

Big DataCustomer Segmentationdata tagging
0 likes · 24 min read
User Profiling: Concepts, Tag Classification, Tag‑System Construction, Applications and Implementation Steps
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Apr 4, 2021 · Big Data

User Profiling: Concepts, Practices, and Data‑Driven E‑Commerce Case Study

This article introduces the fundamentals of user profiling, explains tag types and their business value, and demonstrates a data‑driven e‑commerce case study that analyzes gender, age, region, marital status, education, profession, product preferences, purchase timing, and price sensitivity to guide targeted promotion strategies.

MarketingPythondata analysis
0 likes · 16 min read
User Profiling: Concepts, Practices, and Data‑Driven E‑Commerce Case Study
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
ITFLY8 Architecture Home
Feb 26, 2021 · Artificial Intelligence

Inside Toutiao's Transparent Real-Time Recommendation Engine

This article details how Toutiao's senior algorithm architect designs a transparent recommendation system, covering system overview, three-dimensional feature modeling, real-time training pipelines, recall strategies, content analysis, user tagging, evaluation methods, and content safety measures.

Content SafetyReal-time Trainingcontent analysis
0 likes · 17 min read
Inside Toutiao's Transparent Real-Time Recommendation Engine
21CTO
21CTO
Jan 11, 2021 · Artificial Intelligence

How to Build a Recommendation System from Scratch: Key Concepts and Strategies

This article explains the fundamentals of recommendation systems, covering data collection, user and content profiling, system architecture, algorithmic pipelines such as recall, filtering, ranking, and evaluation metrics, while also discussing practical challenges like echo chambers and long‑term user value.

algorithmevaluationmachine learning
0 likes · 16 min read
How to Build a Recommendation System from Scratch: Key Concepts and Strategies
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Jan 1, 2021 · Big Data

User Profiling: Concepts, Necessity, Construction Methods, and Applications

This article explains what user profiling is, why it is essential for businesses, outlines practical steps to build accurate user profiles, showcases various application scenarios, and provides references for further study, offering a comprehensive overview for data‑driven product and marketing teams.

Customer Segmentatione‑commerceuser profiling
0 likes · 3 min read
User Profiling: Concepts, Necessity, Construction Methods, and Applications
Suning Technology
Suning Technology
Dec 18, 2020 · Big Data

How ClickHouse Powered Suning’s Billion‑Tag User Profiles in Seconds

Suning’s senior architect Yang Zhaohui explains how his team rebuilt the tag platform with ClickHouse, using RoaringBitmap and custom optimizations to achieve second-level queries on billions of user tags, dramatically cutting response time, reducing hardware costs, and enabling real-time marketing insights.

ClickHouseOLAPPerformance Optimization
0 likes · 5 min read
How ClickHouse Powered Suning’s Billion‑Tag User Profiles in Seconds
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Dec 12, 2020 · Big Data

NetEase Yanxuan Tag and Profile Platform Construction Practice

This article presents NetEase Yanxuan's comprehensive approach to building a tag and profile middle‑platform, detailing the concepts of tags and profiles, their business value, the platform's architecture and functional modules, and the methodologies for constructing tag systems and applying profiles to drive data‑driven operations.

Business IntelligenceData AssetData Platform
0 likes · 16 min read
NetEase Yanxuan Tag and Profile Platform Construction Practice
DataFunSummit
DataFunSummit
Dec 11, 2020 · Big Data

58.com Big Data Application Practice: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

This article presents 58.com’s large‑scale big data platform, detailing its business scope, the WMDA one‑stop analytics system, the Wanxiang user‑portrait service, the technical challenges of massive daily data ingestion, multi‑dimensional analysis, OLAP engine selection (Kylin, Druid), bitmap‑based user‑group processing, scheduling, and overall data service architecture.

Data PlatformDruidKylin
0 likes · 13 min read
58.com Big Data Application Practice: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Dec 4, 2020 · Artificial Intelligence

Building User Interest Tags in WeChat's Recommendation System

The paper presents a WeChat recommendation system that estimates user interest tags via multi‑class classification, using hierarchical intra‑ and inter‑domain attention and dense feature‑crossing to capture diverse preferences, aggregates click‑tag preferences rather than treating all tags equally, and demonstrates superior offline and online performance over baselines such as YouTube‑DNN, AFM, NFM, DCN, and AUTOINT.

AB testingHierarchical Attentionfeature crossing
0 likes · 8 min read
Building User Interest Tags in WeChat's Recommendation System
DevOps
DevOps
Nov 25, 2020 · Product Management

User Profiling Across the Lifecycle: Applying AARRR and RARRA Models in E‑commerce

This article explains how user profiling, using the AARRR and RARRA frameworks, can be applied at every stage of the e‑commerce user lifecycle—from pre‑arrival acquisition to post‑departure analysis—to drive product optimization, personalized services, and data‑driven decision making.

AARRRRARRAe‑commerce
0 likes · 13 min read
User Profiling Across the Lifecycle: Applying AARRR and RARRA Models in E‑commerce
Suning Technology
Suning Technology
Nov 16, 2020 · Databases

How ClickHouse Powers Real-Time User Profiling for Millions of Users

This article explains how Suning built a massive user‑tag platform using ClickHouse and RoaringBitmap to enable second‑level user profiling for over 600 million users, covering tag generation, storage, query architecture, and performance optimizations for marketing campaigns.

BitmapClickHouseSQL
0 likes · 13 min read
How ClickHouse Powers Real-Time User Profiling for Millions of Users
Top Architect
Top Architect
Sep 19, 2020 · Artificial Intelligence

Architecture and Evaluation of Toutiao's Large-Scale Recommendation System

The article details the end‑to‑end architecture of Toutiao's massive recommendation platform, covering system overview, content and user feature extraction, model training, recall strategies, evaluation methodology, and content safety mechanisms, while highlighting practical challenges and engineering solutions.

Content SafetyModel Trainingcontent analysis
0 likes · 18 min read
Architecture and Evaluation of Toutiao's Large-Scale Recommendation System
Xianyu Technology
Xianyu Technology
Sep 10, 2020 · Artificial Intelligence

Interest Tagging System for Xianyu: Data‑Driven User Profiling

The Xianyu interest‑tagging system profiles post‑95 users by matching expert and hot‑search keywords to product text, weighting user actions with a TF‑IDF‑based behavior‑statistics pipeline, producing over twenty tags that cover more than half the target cohort and have already doubled click‑through rates for interest‑aligned live streams.

TF-IDFbehavior analyticsdata mining
0 likes · 11 min read
Interest Tagging System for Xianyu: Data‑Driven User Profiling
21CTO
21CTO
Aug 1, 2020 · Big Data

Mastering User Profiling: A Comprehensive Big Data Blueprint

This article explains how enterprises can leverage massive raw and business data to build detailed user profiles, covering tag types, data architecture, development modules, project phases, key deliverables, and a real-world e‑commerce case study.

Big DataData WarehouseETL
0 likes · 22 min read
Mastering User Profiling: A Comprehensive Big Data Blueprint
Tencent Advertising Technology
Tencent Advertising Technology
Jul 30, 2020 · Artificial Intelligence

Tencent Advertising Algorithm Competition 2020: Problem Overview, Data, Model Implementation, and Results

This article details the 2020 Tencent Advertising Algorithm Competition, describing the user profiling task, data fields, feature engineering, Python code for ID mapping and Word2Vec training, multiple model architectures (LSTM, CNN-Inception, transformer), and the final performance results achieved by the team.

AdvertisingCNNLSTM
0 likes · 13 min read
Tencent Advertising Algorithm Competition 2020: Problem Overview, Data, Model Implementation, and Results
Tencent Advertising Technology
Tencent Advertising Technology
Jul 30, 2020 · Artificial Intelligence

Winning Strategies for the Tencent Advertising Algorithm Competition: Text Classification with Word2Vec and BiLSTM

The article details the Tencent Advertising Algorithm competition final, explains the chizhu team's approach of converting ad IDs into word sequences for text classification using large‑scale word2vec embeddings and a dual BiLSTM architecture, presents custom loss functions, training tricks, and shares full Python model code, achieving an overall rank of 11.

AdvertisingBiLSTMDeep Learning
0 likes · 9 min read
Winning Strategies for the Tencent Advertising Algorithm Competition: Text Classification with Word2Vec and BiLSTM
Ctrip Technology
Ctrip Technology
Jul 16, 2020 · Big Data

Design and Architecture of the User Profiling System at Ctrip Business Travel

This article describes the concept, tag taxonomy, data flow architecture, and Lambda‑based query service design of Ctrip Business Travel's user profiling system, highlighting how batch and real‑time processing with Spark, Flink, Hive, MongoDB and Redis enable precise marketing, risk control and personalized services.

Big DataCtripdata pipeline
0 likes · 12 min read
Design and Architecture of the User Profiling System at Ctrip Business Travel
Big Data Technology & Architecture
Big Data Technology & Architecture
Jun 27, 2020 · Big Data

Comprehensive Guide to User Profiling: Concepts, Data Sources, Tagging System, Architecture, and Implementation

This article provides an in‑depth overview of user profiling, covering its definition, objectives, data dimensions, tagging taxonomy, technical architecture, data processing pipelines using Hadoop, Spark, Hive, MongoDB and MySQL, as well as practical challenges and best‑practice steps for building scalable profiling systems.

customer analyticsdata taggingmachine learning
0 likes · 18 min read
Comprehensive Guide to User Profiling: Concepts, Data Sources, Tagging System, Architecture, and Implementation
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Jun 17, 2020 · Fundamentals

Turning User Tags into Actionable Business Insights: A VIP Fruit‑Plate Service Case Study

This article explains how to avoid idle user tags by integrating them into business processes, using a VIP fruit‑plate service example to illustrate tag basics, two promotion strategies, key performance metrics, and deeper implementation steps that turn profiling data into concrete operational value.

Business IntelligenceVIP servicedata analysis
0 likes · 8 min read
Turning User Tags into Actionable Business Insights: A VIP Fruit‑Plate Service Case Study
21CTO
21CTO
May 29, 2020 · Product Management

Unlocking Business Growth with User & Product Profiling: A Practical Guide

This article explains how to build a digital ecosystem using user and product profiling, covering the concepts, motivations, construction methods, and real‑world applications to drive precise marketing, improve product experience, and achieve sustainable business growth.

AnalyticsData-drivenDigital Transformation
0 likes · 20 min read
Unlocking Business Growth with User & Product Profiling: A Practical Guide
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
May 27, 2020 · Big Data

Understanding and Building User and Product Profiles for Data‑Driven Business

This article explains the concept, importance, and step‑by‑step methodology for constructing user and product profiles, illustrating how data‑driven segmentation, static and dynamic attributes, and matching techniques can enhance product experience, marketing, and operational decisions across e‑commerce platforms.

Customer SegmentationData AnalyticsMarketing
0 likes · 19 min read
Understanding and Building User and Product Profiles for Data‑Driven Business
HomeTech
HomeTech
May 7, 2020 · Big Data

Construction and Evaluation of User Profiles: Identification, Tagging, Storage, and Quality Assessment

This article explains how to build user profiles by distinguishing persona from profile, describing the evolution of ID‑mapping techniques, designing a multi‑layer tag system, implementing statistical, interest, and model tags, storing the data in Hive, HBase, Codis and Elasticsearch, and finally evaluating profile timeliness, coverage and accuracy.

Big Datadata storagedata tagging
0 likes · 11 min read
Construction and Evaluation of User Profiles: Identification, Tagging, Storage, and Quality Assessment
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Mar 31, 2020 · Product Management

Building User Profiles: From Zero to One and Scaling to Hundreds

This article explains the concept of user profiling, outlines an eight‑dimensional tag architecture, describes step‑by‑step methods for constructing a robust profile system from scratch and expanding it, and shows how these profiles support statistical analysis, targeted marketing, and recommendation algorithms.

Data ProductMarketingTagging
0 likes · 18 min read
Building User Profiles: From Zero to One and Scaling to Hundreds
Huajiao Technology
Huajiao Technology
Mar 24, 2020 · Artificial Intelligence

How to Overcome Recommendation Cold Start: Methods and Huajiao Live’s Real‑World Practices

This article explains the cold‑start problem in recommendation systems, outlines common industry solutions such as popular‑content, group‑representative, auxiliary‑information, bandit algorithms, and deep learning, and details how Huajiao Live applied these techniques to improve new‑user engagement and metrics.

Deep LearningHuajiao Livebandit algorithm
0 likes · 13 min read
How to Overcome Recommendation Cold Start: Methods and Huajiao Live’s Real‑World Practices
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Full-Stack Internet Architecture
Mar 17, 2020 · Fundamentals

A Real‑Life Example of User Profiling to Boost Sales

This article uses a vivid kite‑selling story to illustrate how user profiling, data tagging, and recommendation tactics can be combined to increase transaction volume, improve average order value, and avoid common pitfalls such as unclear goals, poor data quality, and unvalidated tags.

Data QualityMarketing Strategydata analysis
0 likes · 9 min read
A Real‑Life Example of User Profiling to Boost Sales
ITPUB
ITPUB
Mar 11, 2020 · Artificial Intelligence

Inside Toutiao’s Recommendation Engine: Architecture, Features, and Evaluation

This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of Toutiao’s recommendation system, covering its three‑dimensional modeling approach, feature engineering, user‑tag pipelines, real‑time training infrastructure, evaluation methodology, and content‑safety mechanisms.

A/B testingContent SafetyReal-time Training
0 likes · 17 min read
Inside Toutiao’s Recommendation Engine: Architecture, Features, and Evaluation
21CTO
21CTO
Feb 18, 2020 · Artificial Intelligence

Inside Toutiao’s Real‑Time Recommendation Engine: Architecture, Features, and Evaluation

This article details Toutiao’s large‑scale recommendation system, explaining how it models content, user, and environment features, the variety of algorithms and real‑time training pipelines used, feature engineering categories, recall strategies, content analysis, user tagging, evaluation methods, and content‑safety mechanisms.

Content SafetyReal-time Trainingevaluation
0 likes · 18 min read
Inside Toutiao’s Real‑Time Recommendation Engine: Architecture, Features, and Evaluation
Architecture Digest
Architecture Digest
Dec 24, 2019 · Big Data

Design Architecture and Technical Strategies for Big Data Products

This article systematically outlines the architecture and technical strategy of big‑data product design, detailing a five‑step process from front‑end data collection and ETL to data warehousing, modeling, algorithm design, and personalized user‑centric delivery, while highlighting common platform challenges and future deep‑learning enhancements.

Data ArchitectureETLuser profiling
0 likes · 14 min read
Design Architecture and Technical Strategies for Big Data Products
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Sep 24, 2019 · Big Data

How Weibo Turns Big Data into Revenue: Insights from a 2019 DAMS Talk

The presentation explains how Weibo leverages big‑data technologies, user profiling, and social‑first advertising models to drive commercial growth, detailing data‑driven product development, real‑time and offline data warehouses, scientific experiments, and case studies that illustrate the impact on revenue and user engagement.

AdvertisingBig DataData Warehouse
0 likes · 24 min read
How Weibo Turns Big Data into Revenue: Insights from a 2019 DAMS Talk
Youzan Coder
Youzan Coder
Sep 18, 2019 · Big Data

Applying Newton's Law of Cooling to Transaction Scoring in DMP User Profiling

The article proposes using Newton’s law of cooling to score DMP user transactions, assigning higher weights to recent purchases that decay exponentially over time, deriving a cooling constant from boundary conditions, and normalizing the resulting heat‑based scores through log‑scaling and a sigmoid‑like mapping to a 0‑100 range.

Big DataDMPNewton cooling law
0 likes · 4 min read
Applying Newton's Law of Cooling to Transaction Scoring in DMP User Profiling
Tencent Cloud Developer
Tencent Cloud Developer
Aug 23, 2019 · Artificial Intelligence

WeChat Reading "Guess You Like" Recommendation System: Algorithms and Architecture

WeChat Reading’s “Guess You Like” engine combines real‑time click and reading data with tag‑based and deep‑learning embeddings, LSH similarity search, and a DeepFM ranking model to deliver cross‑type book, article, and video recommendations, continuously balancing exploitation and exploration to boost CTR and user engagement.

content-based filteringmachine learningrecommendation system
0 likes · 13 min read
WeChat Reading "Guess You Like" Recommendation System: Algorithms and Architecture
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Mar 26, 2019 · Artificial Intelligence

How Live-Streaming Platforms Build Scalable Recommendation Systems

This article explains the design of a live‑streaming recommendation system, covering its overall architecture, ranking, content‑based and collaborative‑filtering methods, similarity calculations, multi‑algorithm fusion, sorting, user profiling, and evaluation metrics with practical examples and diagrams.

Evaluation Metricscollaborative filteringcontent-based
0 likes · 17 min read
How Live-Streaming Platforms Build Scalable Recommendation Systems
DevOps
DevOps
Mar 11, 2019 · Product Management

Building Effective User Personas for Product Design

The article explains how creating detailed user personas—through data collection, analysis, modeling, and validation—helps product teams understand target users, avoid common pitfalls, and design products that meet real user needs, illustrated with examples from mobile gaming.

User Researchuser profiling
0 likes · 7 min read
Building Effective User Personas for Product Design
58 Tech
58 Tech
Feb 15, 2019 · Artificial Intelligence

Precise Push Notification Architecture and Algorithm Optimization at 58.com

This article describes the evolution of 58.com's user‑set service architecture, the transition from MongoDB to RoaringBitmap storage, and the machine‑learning‑driven algorithm optimizations that enable real‑time, multi‑dimensional, and localized push notifications for millions of users.

Algorithm OptimizationRoaringBitmapbitmap storage
0 likes · 13 min read
Precise Push Notification Architecture and Algorithm Optimization at 58.com
21CTO
21CTO
Jan 16, 2019 · Artificial Intelligence

Inside Toutiao’s Recommendation Engine: Architecture, Features, and Evaluation

This article provides a comprehensive overview of Toutiao’s recommendation system, detailing its three‑dimensional modeling of content, user, and context, the feature extraction pipeline, real‑time training infrastructure, user‑tag generation, evaluation methodology, and content‑safety mechanisms.

Content SafetyReal-time Trainingevaluation
0 likes · 18 min read
Inside Toutiao’s Recommendation Engine: Architecture, Features, and Evaluation
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Zhuanzhuan Tech
Dec 21, 2018 · Big Data

Design and Implementation of a Scalable User Profiling System Using Hive and SQL Templates

To meet the growing demands of precise, cost‑effective user operations, the article outlines a lightweight, flexible profiling system built on Hive that uses SQL templates, custom UDFs, and set‑operation logic to enable attribute‑based user segmentation, batch processing, and seamless integration with downstream services.

SQL templatesSet Operationsdata engineering
0 likes · 11 min read
Design and Implementation of a Scalable User Profiling System Using Hive and SQL Templates
21CTO
21CTO
Sep 28, 2018 · Artificial Intelligence

Inside E‑Commerce Recommendation Systems: From Data Collection to Real‑Time Personalization

This article explains how e‑commerce recommendation systems work, covering regular and personalized recommendation types, the challenges of user profiling and data handling, the three‑stage recommendation pipeline, and the overall system architecture that powers real‑time, AI‑driven product suggestions.

AIdata pipelinee‑commerce
0 likes · 17 min read
Inside E‑Commerce Recommendation Systems: From Data Collection to Real‑Time Personalization
iQIYI Technical Product Team
iQIYI Technical Product Team
Aug 24, 2018 · Artificial Intelligence

Lookalike Audience Extension Algorithms in iQIYI Advertising: Tag‑Based and Machine‑Learning Approaches

iQIYI uses two Lookalike audience extension methods—tag‑based using weighted tag scoring and supervised machine‑learning using logistic regression with engineered DMP and ad behavior features—both improving ad performance, e.g., 20% higher Trueview completion and up to 60% lower conversion cost.

AdvertisingAudience ExtensionLookalike
0 likes · 10 min read
Lookalike Audience Extension Algorithms in iQIYI Advertising: Tag‑Based and Machine‑Learning Approaches
Big Data and Microservices
Big Data and Microservices
Aug 23, 2018 · Industry Insights

How to Build Effective User Profiles for Precise Marketing and Risk Control

This article explains what user profiling is, why it matters for large‑scale enterprises, and how to design a data‑driven profiling system—including data sources, business modeling, tag taxonomy, and practical applications such as targeted marketing, risk assessment, user research, personalized services, and strategic decision‑making.

data taggingmarketing analyticsrisk management
0 likes · 12 min read
How to Build Effective User Profiles for Precise Marketing and Risk Control
58 Tech
58 Tech
Jun 27, 2018 · Big Data

Overview of the 58 User Profile System Architecture and Data Processing

The article describes the design, data integration, ID mapping, tag generation, and application scenarios of the 58 user profiling platform, which aggregates billions of user IDs across multiple business lines to provide online and offline persona data for personalization, analytics, and AI modeling.

Big DataData ArchitectureData Integration
0 likes · 12 min read
Overview of the 58 User Profile System Architecture and Data Processing
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Jun 13, 2018 · Artificial Intelligence

Evolution of E‑commerce Platform Recommendation System Architecture

This article reviews the evolution of recommendation system architecture for C2C e‑commerce platforms, tracing stages from simple offline‑online pipelines through granular feed‑flow improvements, real‑time processing, and machine‑learning‑driven models, while highlighting user‑profile construction, challenges, and best‑practice guidelines.

Real-Timearchitecturee‑commerce
0 likes · 10 min read
Evolution of E‑commerce Platform Recommendation System Architecture