This guide explains how to install the Apache Dubbo in Spring Framework plugin for IntelliJ IDEA 2023.2+, outlines two installation methods, and walks through creating a Dubbo microservice project with version selection, component choices, and final project generation, plus useful links.
This article provides an extensive overview of software architecture, covering its definition, history, core concepts, design principles, complexity sources, design process, performance, high availability, scalability, and practical implementation techniques for large‑scale web systems.
This article analyses how Domain‑Driven Design and a systematic architecture‑mapping process were applied to the Tencent Video “together‑watch” service, presenting concrete domain models, architectural decisions, refactoring steps, and quantitative evaluations—including code‑size reduction, performance gains, and cost savings—while preserving the full analytical reasoning behind each choice.
Japanese game developer KMS migrated from Azure to Tencent Cloud, adopting a cloud‑native architecture with Tencent’s Elastic Microservice platform that provides timed and metric‑based scaling, CI/CD pipelines, and batch upgrades, resulting in roughly 50% cost savings, 15% performance gains and 50% latency reduction.
This article presents a comprehensive, four‑stage roadmap for backend developers, covering foundational Go knowledge, engineering best practices, advanced system architecture, and expert‑level soft skills, offering practical guidance for career growth and technical mastery.
The article shows how to monolithize selected tRPC‑Go microservices by defining protobuf‑generated Go interfaces and swapping RPC proxies for in‑process implementations via a proxy API, cutting CPU usage by 61% while keeping microservice flexibility and offering best‑practice guidelines for Go service design.
This article details the complete redesign of QQ Browser's content ingestion system, explaining why the original micro‑service architecture caused low efficiency and performance, and how a zero‑base redesign using a monolithic service, plugin framework, fault‑tolerant pipelines, and thread separation dramatically improved throughput, latency, and developer productivity.
This article explains the business scenarios that drive the need for globally unique distributed IDs, analyzes the challenges of uniqueness, performance, and availability, and details Vivo's self‑built LuBan ID service—including its architecture, three ID formats, custom extensions, SDK usage, performance optimizations, and real‑world deployment metrics.
This article explains what a service gateway is, why it is needed in microservice architectures, its core functions such as routing, authentication, monitoring and rate limiting, and provides practical technology choices like Java, Spring Boot, Zuul, Consul, JWT, Prometheus, Grafana, ELK and JMeter.
This article explains Huolala’s multi‑group microservice architecture, covering its background, core principles, deployment, discovery, routing strategies, extension mechanisms, and practical application scenarios that enable flexible, versioned, and policy‑driven service routing.
The article presents a curated list of 22 Java teaching projects spanning domains such as food delivery, CRM, e‑learning, logistics, and more, each with brief functional descriptions, architecture diagrams, and resource links, and highlights the last two projects as especially valuable for developers seeking practical experience.
This article explains the challenges of data permission control in multi‑system environments, outlines a unified RBAC‑based model with extensible dimensions, and provides a step‑by‑step integration guide and SDK implementation for Java backends, including code snippets and practical considerations.
This article details Qunar's systematic approach to reducing service complexity and code volume by half, covering background challenges, two‑phase planning, criteria for merging or deleting services, tooling such as Serviceability Agent for method‑level analysis, automated and semi‑automated deletion workflows, verification steps, and the measurable performance gains achieved.
This article presents a comprehensive, step‑by‑step roadmap for backend engineers, covering everything from basic Go language concepts, data structures, and OS fundamentals to advanced microservice design, high‑performance networking, scalability, reliability, security, DevOps practices, team and product management, and real‑world project execution.
This article recounts the step‑by‑step evolution of a ride‑hailing order service’s data layer—from a single SQLServer database through SQL optimization, read‑write splitting, business‑domain sharding, caching and MQ integration, to a custom sharding component and smooth migration to MySQL—highlighting challenges, solutions, and lessons learned.
tRPC is a highly extensible, plugin‑driven backend RPC framework designed to unify disparate service stacks, support cloud‑native components, and provide cross‑language, multi‑protocol, and streaming capabilities while delivering strong performance and easy integration for large‑scale enterprises.
This article examines why local locks fail in distributed micro‑service environments, introduces Redis‑based distributed locking, walks through five incremental lock designs—from a simple SETNX implementation to a Lua‑script atomic solution—highlighting each scheme's trade‑offs, code examples, and practical pitfalls.
The article details Gaode’s journey of building a high‑performance Go ecosystem that scaled from zero to tens of millions of QPS, comparing Go with Java and Erlang, outlining cloud‑native serverless architecture, and sharing real‑world refactoring and optimization case studies such as a million‑QPS rendering gateway and a Go‑based sharding middleware.
Distributed tracing helps reconstruct the call chain of a request across multiple services and machines, providing insights into latency, errors, and performance; this article explains tracing concepts, OpenTracing standards, and how SkyWalking implements automatic span collection, context propagation, unique trace IDs, sampling, and its architecture and performance advantages.
This tutorial explains the concepts of service registration and discovery in microservice architectures, introduces Nacos as a dynamic registry, and provides step‑by‑step PHP code for registering providers and discovering services using the Webman framework, including persistence and clustering considerations.
Explore the essential distinctions between microservices and event‑driven architecture, covering service granularity, data handling, bounded contexts, and practical use‑case scenarios, to help architects and developers choose the right approach for scalable, responsive software systems.
This guide explains what Nacos is, its core features such as service registration, dynamic configuration, and DNS services, and provides step‑by‑step instructions for installing the webman‑nacos plugin, configuring Nacos, writing PHP code to read configurations, and using dynamic listeners and version rollback.
The article examines microservice communication methods, comparing event‑driven (including event notification and event sourcing) with RPC, discussing API gateways, service coupling, design limits, internal microservice design, and provides practical guidance on choosing the appropriate approach.
This article explains how EDAS enhances Spring Cloud Gateway by fixing memory‑leak issues, adding route‑validation, providing dynamic configuration, custom plugins, observability features, and step‑by‑step deployment instructions for Java‑based microservice environments.
Apache ShenYu is a high‑performance, reactive Java API gateway offering dynamic traffic control, hot‑plug plugins, multi‑protocol support, observability, and easy deployment, with detailed module descriptions, quick Docker‑based startup commands, selector and rule routing concepts, and data synchronization mechanisms.
Vivo tackled high CPU overhead in large‑scale Dubbo deployments by disabling unused routers, caching routing results with BitMap intersections and epoch validation, optimizing weight calculations, and adding a grouping router, which together delivered over 100 % TPS gains for 20 k+ providers and cut CPU usage by roughly 27 %.
This tutorial explains how to configure Spring Cloud Gateway, set up static routes, and then use Nacos for dynamic route management by adding dependencies, configuring bootstrap.yml, defining JSON route data, and implementing a listener bean to refresh routes without restarting the service.
This guide explains what a microservice gateway is, outlines the advantages of Spring Cloud Gateway, and provides a step‑by‑step tutorial—including Maven dependency, YAML routing configuration, custom filter code, and deployment instructions—to help developers build scalable, reactive API gateways for modern backend systems.
This article outlines the progressive architectural evolution of an e‑commerce platform, describing how increasing traffic drives the transition from a single‑module monolith through horizontal scaling, read/write separation, sharding, CDN caching, dual‑datacenter deployment, and finally to a unit‑based micro‑service architecture.
The article examines the alluring promises of microservices—such as faster deployments, independent scaling, and team autonomy—while revealing the hidden complexities like deployment chaos, service discovery, data consistency, latency, and the nostalgic appeal of monolithic architectures, ultimately offering three key takeaways for architects.
This article provides a detailed, step‑by‑step analysis of Nacos’s internal architecture and code, explaining how it manages service registration, health monitoring, dynamic configuration, and service discovery within Spring Cloud micro‑service environments.
This article explains the concept of RPC frameworks, compares popular solutions such as Dubbo, gRPC, Thrift and Feign, and details the architectural differences and use‑cases of Dubbo versus Spring Cloud for building high‑performance backend services.
This guide explains how to set up Spring Cloud OpenFeign, demonstrates key code examples, and uncovers five often‑overlooked issues—including timeout defaults, retry behavior, fallback strategies, the primary attribute, and dynamic timeout refresh—while providing practical configuration solutions.
This article explains how a government procurement platform built a hybrid cloud‑native “highway” solution using Dubbo to achieve reusable, tunnel‑based data synchronization across cloud and isolated island networks, detailing the background, challenges, design choices, implementation steps, and future roadmap.
This article explains Nacos's architecture, the principles of service registration and discovery, how Spring Cloud integrates Nacos through auto‑configuration and event listeners, and details the registration, heartbeat, and dynamic address update mechanisms used by Nacos servers and clients.
The article recounts a series of real‑world anecdotes exposing how excessive architectural ambitions—such as needless microservice fragmentation, ubiquitous message‑queue usage, multi‑level caching, over‑engineered design patterns, and configuration‑driven code—lead to wasted resources, maintenance headaches, and fragile systems, urging a return to simplicity.
This article outlines the goals, evolutionary stages, functional and non‑functional requirements, and detailed component design of a unified enterprise notification system that supports multiple channels, high performance, scalability, and seamless integration for modern distributed applications.
Learn how to implement elegant service shutdown and startup in microservice architectures using Java's shutdown hooks, Spring Boot's built-in mechanisms, Docker container signals, and external containers like Jetty, with code examples and best‑practice strategies to avoid traffic hitting unhealthy instances.
This article explains the fundamentals of microservice architecture, introduces Spring Cloud and its core components, and provides a step‑by‑step tutorial for building a distributed e‑commerce system using Spring Boot, Eureka, Ribbon, Feign, and related Spring Cloud features.
This article examines the governance of WeChat's NLP algorithm microservices, outlining the management, performance, and scheduling challenges they face and presenting solutions such as automated CI/CD pipelines, dynamic scaling, DAG‑based service composition, a custom tracing system, the PyInter interpreter, and an improved load‑balancing algorithm.
This article explains how to build a distributed task scheduling and dispatch system for PHP microservices by leveraging Redis and RabbitMQ, covering queue creation, node subscription, and providing complete code examples for both tools.
This article explains the challenges of traditional single-node data storage, introduces microservice architecture, and provides step-by-step PHP Swoole code examples for creating storage and retrieval microservices and a client script, demonstrating how to achieve scalable, fault‑tolerant distributed data storage and retrieval.
This article introduces the 12306 railway ticket system project, detailing its purpose for student learning, two deployment versions, extensive backend architecture, technology stack, code repository structure, design challenges, and resources to help learners master high‑concurrency distributed systems.
This article explains ACID properties of single‑node transactions, the challenges of multi‑data‑source operations, surveys common distributed‑transaction solutions such as 2PC, 3PC, TCC, status‑table and message‑queue approaches, and details the implementation of Seata's AT mode with lock and rollback mechanisms.
This guide explains how to install and configure the open‑source Pyroscope continuous profiler on a Kubernetes cluster, integrate it with Python, .NET, and Go microservices, and visualize low‑overhead flame graphs to identify performance bottlenecks and reduce cloud costs.
Facing rapid growth and complex service chains, HuoLala’s tech team designed LLRepeater, a Java‑based traffic replay platform that records, stores, and replays production traffic to improve test coverage, reduce manual effort, and enhance system stability, detailing architecture, core functions, challenges, and future plans.
This article explains why traditional centralized data lakes hinder modern software development, introduces the data‑mesh concept as a decentralized alternative, and walks through an e‑commerce microservice example with concrete steps, data‑API designs, and migration tactics to transition from a monolithic lake to a distributed data mesh.
This guide introduces Spring Cloud Tencent, a one‑stop microservice solution that integrates Spring Cloud with Tencent's Polaris service discovery, and provides step‑by‑step instructions—including building the project, adding dependencies, configuring application.yml, and running the application—to quickly set up a functional Spring Cloud Tencent service.
This article explains how to integrate feign-reactor with Spring Boot 2.7, covering OpenFeign features, reactive client setup, code examples, timeout configuration, and programmatic usage to enhance microservice communication.
This article explains the microservice architecture style, its evolution from monoliths, the technical challenges it introduces, compares leading open‑source solutions such as Dubbo, Spring Cloud Netflix, and Spring Cloud Alibaba, and details essential components like service registries, configuration centers, API gateways, tracing, fault tolerance, and monitoring.
The article details Meituan's design and deployment of a code‑change risk visualization platform—named Houyi—covering risk categories, system architecture, technical challenges, eight practical application scenarios, and future plans to enhance code analysis and risk detection.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of API gateways, covering their basic concepts, design considerations, key features such as routing, load balancing, resilience and security, and compares popular implementations like OpenResty, Kong, Zuul, and Spring Cloud Gateway.
This tutorial walks through setting up Apache Dubbo3’s Triple protocol in Node.js, from installing code‑generation tools and defining a protobuf service to generating TypeScript stubs, implementing the service, launching a Fastify server, and invoking the RPC via curl or a Dubbo client.
This article explains the need for full‑link monitoring in microservice systems, outlines its goals and functional modules, describes the core data structures of tracing such as Span and Annotation, and provides a detailed comparison of three popular APM solutions—Zipkin, SkyWalking and Pinpoint—covering performance impact, scalability, data analysis, developer transparency, topology visualization and community support.
This comprehensive guide explores the fundamentals of microservices, outlines their key characteristics, and presents the ten most popular microservice frameworks of 2023—detailing each framework’s main features and typical use cases to help developers choose the right tool for building scalable, resilient applications.
This article describes how Ant Group's funds technology team adopted a Serverless‑based architecture to overcome the inefficiencies of a monolithic SOFA application, redesigning their system into lightweight modules and a shared base to accelerate scenario‑driven innovation, reduce deployment time, and enhance developer productivity.
This article explains the fundamentals of the Spring framework and its ecosystem—including Spring Boot, Spring Cloud, and Spring Cloud Alibaba—detailing their core concepts, advantages, and how they interrelate to simplify Java enterprise and micro‑service development.
This article presents a detailed Spring Cloud Alibaba curriculum covering microservice architecture, service registration with Nacos, rate limiting with Sentinel, distributed transaction solutions, and practical hands‑on labs, providing video tutorials, documentation, and complete code samples for developers.
This article details the complete redesign of a large‑scale content ingestion platform, explaining why the original microservice‑heavy architecture suffered from low development efficiency and poor performance, how a monolithic‑plus‑plugin approach solved these issues, and the resulting 13‑fold speedup, 10‑fold batch improvement, and 70% latency reduction.
The article walks through the evolution of an enterprise‑wide unified push platform—from early fragmented modules to a fully service‑oriented architecture—detailing functional goals, non‑functional requirements, component design, and deployment considerations for high‑performance, highly available notification delivery.
This article explains how to generate, store, and validate login tokens across PC and mobile clients in a distributed microservice architecture, covering Redis storage, custom token entities, Spring service implementation, exception handling, client‑side storage utilities, and a custom annotation with an AOP aspect for request verification.
This announcement outlines a conference talk that explores how leading securities firms design and operate high‑fidelity, cloud‑native simulation environments to support testing, performance validation, and continuous delivery in modern financial IT architectures.
The article explains observability as the ability to infer any system state from external data, contrasts it with traditional monitoring, outlines challenges of high‑dimensional, high‑cardinality data and storage costs, and describes Didi’s hybrid MTL architecture that separates low‑ and high‑cardinality logs and metrics while linking them via TraceIDs to provide detailed, cost‑effective insight and streamlined debugging.
This article examines the challenges of maintaining data consistency across micro‑service boundaries, walks through real‑world payment and gifting scenarios, compares classic solutions such as 2PC, saga, TCC, local‑message tables and transaction messages, and finally recommends a pragmatic approach for building reliable distributed transaction mechanisms.
This guide introduces Spring Cloud, explains its core features such as configuration management, service discovery, circuit breaking, and distributed tracing, and walks through creating a simple microservices system with a config server, Eureka server, user service, and order service using Java and Spring Boot.
This article explains how observability—through logging, metrics, and distributed tracing—enables cloud‑native gateways to detect failures early, pinpoint problematic routes and services with Prometheus and SLS logs, and finally trace root causes using Arms xtrace, improving system reliability and stability.
This article details Ctrip’s API gateway architecture, describing its evolution to handle 20 billion daily requests through fully asynchronous processing, streaming forwarding, single‑threaded event‑loop design, and various performance and governance optimizations, while also covering multi‑protocol compatibility, routing, and module orchestration.
The article outlines the design and evolution of an enterprise‑level unified push notification service, detailing its modular to service‑oriented architecture, multi‑channel support, high‑performance non‑functional requirements, and the comprehensive components such as clients, notification, template, distribution, priority queues, adapters, analytics, and database layers.
This article explains how to solve the WebSocket message delivery problem in microservice architectures by using a lightweight library that provides an @EnableWebSocketLoadBalanceConcept annotation, detailing its design, connection management, message routing, and customizable selectors for targeted delivery.
This article introduces Spring Cloud Gateway as a unified entry for microservices, explains its core functions, advantages over Zuul, Maven dependencies, YAML routing configuration, detailed route components, filter types with code examples, custom global filters, execution order, and CORS solutions for backend development.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of Seata, a distributed transaction framework that ensures data consistency across microservices through four transaction modes: AT, XA, TCC, and Saga, each with distinct characteristics and use cases.
The article details how QQ Browser's content architecture was transformed from a fragmented micro‑service system into a single monolithic service with a plugin framework, dramatically improving processing speed, fault tolerance, and development efficiency while handling thousands of content types.
This article outlines Weibo's massive user‑scale challenges and presents a comprehensive high‑availability solution that combines capacity planning, distributed caching, micro‑service isolation, cross‑language RPC, service‑mesh governance, multi‑datacenter disaster recovery, containerization, and hybrid‑cloud scaling to ensure reliable service delivery.
By replacing over 90 fragmented micro‑services with a single‑process, plugin‑based monolith, QQ Browser’s content ingestion pipeline achieved up to ten‑fold throughput gains, near‑100 % CPU utilization, dramatically lower latency, and an 82 % reduction in development lead‑time through modern C++ design, fault‑tolerant Kafka buffering, and streamlined CI/CD.
This article explains Dubbo's three core capabilities—remote method invocation, intelligent fault tolerance with load balancing, and service registration/discovery—details its main components and ten architectural layers, and walks through the eight-step RPC call flow, providing a comprehensive overview of the backend framework.
This article introduces 35 high‑quality open‑source SpringBoot and SpringCloud projects, ranging from development scaffolds and admin systems to e‑commerce, HR, payment, seckill, blog, and ERP solutions, each with brief feature descriptions, technology stacks, and repository links for developers seeking ready‑made frameworks.
This article traces the evolution of Tencent's payment platform from its early PC‑centric design through three mobile payment phases, detailing architectural generations, availability measures, multi‑active strategies, and cloud‑native innovations that enable massive, reliable transaction processing.
This article details ZEEK Automotive's transition to a cloud‑native architecture, describing how the company adopted Kubernetes, containerization, micro‑service unification, and full‑link gray release to improve system stability, scalability, and development efficiency across its APP ecosystem.
This article explains the background of cloud‑native microservices, introduces the open‑source SkyWalking observability platform and its core components (Agent, OAP server, storage, UI), and demonstrates how to extend SkyWalking with custom plugins and tune its performance to minimize monitoring overhead.
This article examines three practical approaches for preventing external exposure of specific APIs—service isolation, gateway‑based Redis whitelist, and gateway‑plus‑AOP—evaluates their trade‑offs, and provides step‑by‑step Java code to implement the preferred AOP solution in a Spring Cloud environment.
This article details how Lixun Logistics migrated from an IDC‑based architecture to a fully cloud‑native environment using Alibaba Cloud Service Mesh ASM, addressing version‑upgrade challenges, heterogeneous system governance, complex operations, and achieving 40% faster operations and a 50% reduction in implementation time.
Facing growing microservice complexity, HuoLala designed a comprehensive fault‑drill system—covering management, tooling, and operations—to simulate failures, control blast radius, automate scenarios, and continuously improve resilience, ultimately reducing downtime and enhancing system stability across more than ten business units.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of typical microservice architecture components—including Nginx as the traffic entry, Spring Cloud Gateway, service registries, Redis caching and distributed locks, MySQL and Elasticsearch persistence, message queues, log collection, task scheduling, and distributed object storage—highlighting their roles, deployment patterns, and best‑practice considerations.
This article explains how to define, measure, and improve microservice reliability using availability metrics, the four golden signals, RED and USE methods, and practical SLI/SLO and MTTR practices, offering concrete guidance for effective service governance.
This article explains what microservices are, compares them with monolithic architecture, outlines their benefits and challenges, highlights the importance of observability, and reviews the top ten microservice frameworks and best‑practice guidelines for 2023.
Developers and architects can compare Apache Dubbo, Spring Cloud, gRPC, and Istio across architecture, performance, scalability, and governance, gaining clear guidance on selecting the right micro‑service framework and understanding each tool’s strengths, protocol support, and integration patterns for enterprise‑grade cloud‑native applications.
The author revisits two concise yet powerful books—‘Microservice Design’ and ‘Systems Thinking’—explaining how the former guides architects through microservice boundaries, deployment, and scaling, while the latter offers a systematic mindset for designing and governing complex software systems, making both indispensable for modern architects.
This article explains how measurement (SLI/SLO), governance (architecture refactoring, MTTx), and validation (chaos engineering, disaster drills) interrelate in microservice systems, illustrating how observability drives governance actions, governance improves metrics, and validation reinforces both through continuous testing.
This article explains the roles of load balancers and API gateways, compares their layer focus, features, and performance characteristics, and outlines when to use each technology—especially in micro‑service architectures and high‑throughput network entry points.
To improve stability and reduce costs during high‑traffic events, we replaced the Zookeeper‑dependent TBSchedule framework with a lightweight, Redis‑based distributed scheduler that decentralizes task execution, uses thread pools instead of timers, and supports dynamic scaling and seamless degradation for reliable order processing.
This article explains how to determine the shortest waiting time required to perform integration testing on a specific microservice when services have startup dependencies and individual load times, using a BFS‑based topological sort algorithm with a detailed Python implementation and complexity analysis.
The article explains why microservice governance—through measurement, targeted remediation, and verification—is crucial for maintaining system stability, reducing complexity, and improving availability in large‑scale, rapidly evolving architectures.
Spring Cloud 2023.0 (Leiden) milestone, built on Spring Boot 3.2, introduces updated dependencies, repository configurations, and early support for MVC Server in Spring Cloud Gateway, enhanced Kafka Streams handling in Spring Cloud Stream, Java HttpClient in OpenFeign, and upgraded Kubernetes integration, with source code and deployment links provided.
The ambassador pattern introduces an external sidecar proxy that offloads common client‑side networking concerns such as routing, resilience, logging, and security, enabling legacy or hard‑to‑modify applications to gain cloud‑native capabilities without changing their code.
This article explores how Spring Cloud Gateway (Hoxton.SR11) initializes predicate factories, binds configuration values, creates Route objects, and uses CachingRouteLocator and RouteDefinitionRouteLocator to locate and match routes at startup, detailing the underlying code flow and key classes involved.
This guide explains how to design a Kubernetes‑based architecture for a large‑scale online store, covering component containerization, auto‑scaling mechanisms, high‑availability deployment, continuous delivery, and monitoring integration to handle traffic spikes reliably.
This article explains how cloud‑native distributed systems achieve higher availability through resilience strategies such as load balancing, timeouts with automatic retries, deadlines, and circuit breakers, describing their placement across OSI layers, implementation options via libraries or proxies, and practical algorithm choices.
This article explains the motivation behind Backend‑for‑Frontend, compares naive and decoupled BFF implementation patterns, evaluates RESTful, GraphQL and RPC options, and presents a TypeScript‑centric RPC‑BFF solution with schema‑driven validation, type inference, introspection, code generation and advanced optimizations such as merge, batch, streaming, caching and deduplication.
To overcome Spring Cloud Gateway’s memory leaks, slow O(N) routing and complex reactive code, the team built a custom, thread‑per‑core Netty gateway with in‑memory O(1) route lookup, DAG‑based filter chains and an asynchronous client, delivering four‑times higher throughput (≈45 k QPS), ~19 ms ART, no leaks, and far‑reduced latency.
This article explains why circuit breakers are essential in microservice architectures, introduces Netflix's Hystrix library, details its design principles, shows step‑by‑step demos for Ribbon and Feign integration, and covers dashboards, Turbine, isolation strategies, request merging, caching, and related Spring Boot SPI mechanisms.
