BestHub
Sign in
Tagged articles

Hardware

278 articles · Page 2 of 3
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Mar 24, 2024 · Fundamentals

Mastering MCU: History, Features, and Programming Tips for Embedded Engineers

An extensive guide covering MCU fundamentals, from its definition and rapid historical evolution, through classification, core functions, leading manufacturers, practical learning strategies, typical program architecture, and detailed C code examples, offering engineers essential knowledge for effective microcontroller development and application.

HardwareMCUelectronics
0 likes · 38 min read
Mastering MCU: History, Features, and Programming Tips for Embedded Engineers
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Mar 20, 2024 · Industry Insights

What Nvidia’s B100 and GB200 Reveal About the Future of AI GPUs

The GTC 2024 recap highlights Nvidia’s upcoming B100 and GB200 GPUs, their BlackWell architecture, performance breakthroughs, embodied‑intelligence initiatives, and the expanding AI application ecosystem across industries, offering a clear view of the next wave in accelerated computing.

AIB100Embodied Intelligence
0 likes · 7 min read
What Nvidia’s B100 and GB200 Reveal About the Future of AI GPUs
Java Tech Enthusiast
Java Tech Enthusiast
Mar 17, 2024 · Fundamentals

Differences Between Server CPUs and Desktop CPUs

Server CPUs differ from desktop CPUs in size, price, integrated graphics, core count, memory support, scalability, and clock frequency, featuring larger dies, higher cost, no graphics, many more cores, ECC memory with many DIMM slots, multi‑CPU linking, and lower, more stable clock speeds.

CPUDesktopHardware
0 likes · 5 min read
Differences Between Server CPUs and Desktop CPUs
Bilibili Tech
Bilibili Tech
Mar 15, 2024 · Artificial Intelligence

Hardware Resource Estimation and Bottleneck Analysis for Large Language Models (LLMs)

The article analyzes the compute, memory, and communication resources required to train and run large language models, quantifies bottlenecks such as the massive FLOP demand, terabyte‑scale GPU memory, and high‑bandwidth interconnect needs, and evaluates parallelism strategies and bandwidth estimates to guide hardware and software design for scaling LLMs.

AI infrastructureHardwareLLM
0 likes · 53 min read
Hardware Resource Estimation and Bottleneck Analysis for Large Language Models (LLMs)
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Mar 10, 2024 · Operations

Essential Linux Commands to Inspect Hardware Details

This guide explains how to use a set of Linux commands—lshw, lscpu, free, df, lspci, and lsusb—to quickly retrieve comprehensive hardware information, helping administrators and users diagnose issues, plan upgrades, and understand system performance.

HardwareLinuxcommands
0 likes · 4 min read
Essential Linux Commands to Inspect Hardware Details
NewBeeNLP
NewBeeNLP
Mar 8, 2024 · Industry Insights

Why Building LLMs Is Like Buying a Hardware Lottery – Lessons from a Startup

The article recounts Yi Tay’s experience founding Reka and building large language models from scratch, highlighting the unpredictable quality of GPU clusters, the challenges of multi‑cluster orchestration, code‑base choices, and how startups must rely on fast, intuition‑driven experimentation to succeed.

Cluster ManagementGPUHardware
0 likes · 12 min read
Why Building LLMs Is Like Buying a Hardware Lottery – Lessons from a Startup
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jan 16, 2024 · Fundamentals

Mastering Relays: From Basics to STM32 Control with Real Code

This tutorial explains relay fundamentals, classifications, electrical parameters, wiring diagrams, and provides a complete STM32‑based implementation with source code to control a relay and toggle an LED, offering practical guidance for embedded hardware projects.

C programmingHardwareRelay
0 likes · 10 min read
Mastering Relays: From Basics to STM32 Control with Real Code
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Dec 14, 2023 · Fundamentals

Mastering PWM on STM32: From Simple Loops to Hardware Timer Output

This article explains PWM fundamentals, compares several output methods ranging from blocking loops to hardware timer generation, and provides complete STM32F1 example code—including macro definitions, timer configuration, output functions, and practical tips on pin mapping and precision.

HardwarePWMSTM32
0 likes · 8 min read
Mastering PWM on STM32: From Simple Loops to Hardware Timer Output
Deepin Linux
Deepin Linux
Dec 13, 2023 · Fundamentals

CVTE Embedded Technology Interview Experience and Key Technical Concepts

This article presents a comprehensive collection of CVTE embedded engineering interview questions and answers, covering project introductions, C/C++ operators, the static keyword, pointers vs. references, copy constructors, Linux sed usage, file system types, I²C limits, interrupt handling, recursion, IPC, GPIO modes, and compilation stages, providing clear explanations and code examples for each topic.

C++HardwareInterview
0 likes · 24 min read
CVTE Embedded Technology Interview Experience and Key Technical Concepts
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Nov 30, 2023 · Fundamentals

Understanding the Four Levels of Computer Storage and Their Roles

This article explains the four main categories of computer storage—Level 1 (directly attached memory), Level 2 (I/O‑connected drives like HDDs and SSDs), Level 3 (large removable media such as tape), and offline storage (manual devices like optical discs and USB drives)—and clarifies how Direct‑Attached Storage (DAS) and RAID technologies fit into this hierarchy.

DASHardwareRAID
0 likes · 5 min read
Understanding the Four Levels of Computer Storage and Their Roles
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Nov 10, 2023 · Fundamentals

Factors Affecting NVMe SSD Performance: Hardware, Software, and Environmental Influences

The article analyzes how hardware components, software mechanisms, and environmental conditions collectively impact NVMe SSD performance, explaining why real‑world results often differ from vendor specifications and highlighting the roles of NAND type, controller architecture, PCIe bandwidth, garbage collection, temperature, and wear‑leveling.

Garbage CollectionHardwareNVMe
0 likes · 12 min read
Factors Affecting NVMe SSD Performance: Hardware, Software, and Environmental Influences
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Oct 30, 2023 · Industry Insights

Why Switches Are the New Computing Backbone: Definitions, Architectures, and Market Trends

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of network switches, covering global market size, definitions, classifications, hardware components, architectural styles such as CLOS and Spine‑Leaf, technical principles, performance metrics, data‑center and industrial use cases, and the overall industry supply chain.

CLOSData CenterHardware
0 likes · 16 min read
Why Switches Are the New Computing Backbone: Definitions, Architectures, and Market Trends
php Courses
php Courses
Oct 10, 2023 · Artificial Intelligence

Microsoft to Unveil Its Own AI Chip "Athena" at Ignite Conference

Microsoft plans to announce its self‑developed AI processor, codenamed Athena, at the Ignite developer conference in mid‑November, aiming to reduce reliance on Nvidia GPUs and strengthen its AI services such as Azure AI, Bing Chat, and Copilot.

AI chipArtificial IntelligenceGPU
0 likes · 2 min read
Microsoft to Unveil Its Own AI Chip "Athena" at Ignite Conference
Java Captain
Java Captain
Sep 15, 2023 · Fundamentals

How to Connect a Desktop Computer to Wi‑Fi: A Detailed Guide

This guide explains step‑by‑step how to verify hardware, configure a desktop PC’s wireless adapter, connect to a Wi‑Fi network, troubleshoot common issues, and apply preventive measures to ensure a stable and secure connection.

DesktopHardwareWiFi
0 likes · 5 min read
How to Connect a Desktop Computer to Wi‑Fi: A Detailed Guide
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Aug 25, 2023 · Fundamentals

FPGA Industry Overview: Development Stages, Market Landscape, and Domestic Substitution Prospects (2023)

The article analyzes the FPGA industry's two historical phases, compares international and Chinese vendors, examines product families, process technologies, market shares, demand trends, and highlights opportunities for domestic substitution and future growth in both hardware and software ecosystems.

FPGAHardwareMarket Analysis
0 likes · 10 min read
FPGA Industry Overview: Development Stages, Market Landscape, and Domestic Substitution Prospects (2023)
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Aug 24, 2023 · Fundamentals

Unveiling Servers: Hands‑On Guide to Types, Hardware, and Key Specs

This article provides a practical overview of physical servers, comparing them with PCs, explaining hardware classifications, internal components, and essential parameters such as brand, model, serial number, and configuration, while highlighting their role in virtualization and data‑center operations.

Data CenterHardwareLinux
0 likes · 6 min read
Unveiling Servers: Hands‑On Guide to Types, Hardware, and Key Specs
Amap Tech
Amap Tech
Jun 29, 2023 · Fundamentals

Technical Overview of Augmented Reality Head‑Up Display (ARHUD) for Automotive Navigation

ARHUD integrates augmented‑reality graphics into a vehicle’s head‑up display, projecting speed limits, lane cues and navigation data at a virtual distance beyond 10 m and a wide field of view, while requiring precise eye‑point tracking, coordinate conversion, and advanced optics such as TFT‑LCD, DLP or LCOS to overcome challenges of brightness, size, alignment and limited FOV for safe, low‑cognitive‑load driving.

ARHUDHardwareaugmented reality
0 likes · 11 min read
Technical Overview of Augmented Reality Head‑Up Display (ARHUD) for Automotive Navigation
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Jun 20, 2023 · Operations

Mastering Load Balancing: Types, Architectures, and Algorithms Explained

This article explains why high‑performance clusters are complex, introduces the three main load‑balancing categories—DNS, hardware, and software—describes their definitions, advantages, and drawbacks, outlines typical combined architectures, and reviews common load‑balancing algorithms such as round‑robin, weighted round‑robin, least‑load, performance‑optimal, and hash‑based methods.

AlgorithmsHardwareLoad Balancing
0 likes · 6 min read
Mastering Load Balancing: Types, Architectures, and Algorithms Explained
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jun 14, 2023 · Artificial Intelligence

AI Compute Landscape: GPUs, Network, and Storage as Core Engines

The article analyzes how large language models like ChatGPT are reshaping the software ecosystem by positioning AI compute—driven by GPUs, high‑speed networking, and advanced storage solutions such as HBM and 3D‑stacked memory—as the foundational engine for future information systems, highlighting current market trends and technical challenges.

AIComputeGPU
0 likes · 4 min read
AI Compute Landscape: GPUs, Network, and Storage as Core Engines
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Jun 13, 2023 · Fundamentals

Why RDMA Outperforms Traditional Networking: A Deep Dive into DMA

This article explains the fundamentals of Direct Memory Access (DMA) and Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA), compares their data transfer mechanisms with traditional networking, and outlines RDMA's advantages, protocols, ecosystem, and real‑world adoption in high‑performance computing and data centers.

DMAHardwareLinux
0 likes · 13 min read
Why RDMA Outperforms Traditional Networking: A Deep Dive into DMA
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jun 1, 2023 · Fundamentals

Overview of the Xinchuang (Information Technology Innovation) Industry: CPU, GPU, and Storage Fundamentals

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Xinchuang industry, detailing the fundamental concepts, architectures, and classifications of CPUs, GPUs, and storage devices, and explains how these core hardware components support the goal of achieving self‑controlled, secure information technology in China.

CPUGPUHardware
0 likes · 6 min read
Overview of the Xinchuang (Information Technology Innovation) Industry: CPU, GPU, and Storage Fundamentals
Java Backend Technology
Java Backend Technology
Apr 20, 2023 · Fundamentals

How One Engineer Hand‑Built a DIY CPU from Scratch – Specs, Challenges, and Lessons

A B‑station creator nicknamed “焊武帝” spent two and a half years hand‑crafting a fully functional CPU called “初芯”, detailing its low‑cost components, technical specifications, unique dual‑channel memory design, development hurdles, and its role as a proof‑of‑concept for future commercial processors.

CPUDIYEngineering
0 likes · 8 min read
How One Engineer Hand‑Built a DIY CPU from Scratch – Specs, Challenges, and Lessons
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Apr 11, 2023 · Operations

Master Linux Performance Tuning: Practical Steps for Faster Systems

This guide explains why Linux performance depends on both hardware and software, outlines key factors such as CPU, memory, disk I/O, network, OS installation, kernel parameters, file systems, and application design, and provides a step‑by‑step process for administrators, architects, and developers to diagnose and optimize system speed.

HardwareLinuxOptimization
0 likes · 16 min read
Master Linux Performance Tuning: Practical Steps for Faster Systems
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Mar 12, 2023 · Industry Insights

Who Leads the DPU Market? A Deep Dive into Global and Chinese Players

This article examines the highly concentrated DPU market, highlighting the dominant global vendors Nvidia, Broadcom and Intel, and provides a detailed analysis of emerging Chinese manufacturers—including NebulaX, Paratus, xFusion, Chiplet, and K2—covering their architectures, performance claims, and strategic positioning.

AI accelerationDPUData Processing Unit
0 likes · 12 min read
Who Leads the DPU Market? A Deep Dive into Global and Chinese Players
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Feb 27, 2023 · Fundamentals

Mastering RAID: From Basics to Linux Software RAID 5 Setup

This article explains the fundamentals of RAID, compares common RAID levels, describes hardware RAID components, and provides a step‑by‑step guide for configuring a Linux software RAID 5 array with mdadm, including commands, monitoring, and recovery procedures.

HardwareLinuxRAID
0 likes · 11 min read
Mastering RAID: From Basics to Linux Software RAID 5 Setup
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Alibaba Cloud Developer
Jan 17, 2023 · Artificial Intelligence

What’s Driving the Next Wave of Tech: AI, Chiplets, Cloud‑Native Security and More

From multimodal pre‑training models and chiplet integration to compute‑in‑memory, cloud‑native security, predictive networking, dual‑engine decision systems, computational optical imaging, large‑scale digital twins, and generative AI, this overview highlights the key technological trends reshaping AI, hardware, and cloud infrastructures.

Artificial IntelligenceChipletDigital Twin
0 likes · 11 min read
What’s Driving the Next Wave of Tech: AI, Chiplets, Cloud‑Native Security and More
Baidu Tech Salon
Baidu Tech Salon
Dec 20, 2022 · Fundamentals

Baidu's Integrated Superconducting Quantum Measurement and Control Platform (QianShi) – Overview and Technical Details

Baidu’s QianShi platform integrates industry‑grade superconducting hardware and the LiangMai software to deliver a 200‑qubit, 1008‑line measurement‑control system with advanced cryogenic cooling, automated calibration, and long‑term stability, aiming to lower quantum‑computing barriers and provide reliable, continuous quantum services to users.

Baidu QuantumHardwareMeasurement and Control
0 likes · 13 min read
Baidu's Integrated Superconducting Quantum Measurement and Control Platform (QianShi) – Overview and Technical Details
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Dec 11, 2022 · Fundamentals

Fundamentals of CPU, GPU, and Storage in the Xinchuang Industry

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Xinchuang industry’s hardware fundamentals, detailing CPU architecture and operation, instruction set classifications, GPU concepts and workflows, storage categories, and the distinction between independent and integrated GPUs, while also noting related promotional resources.

CPUGPUHardware
0 likes · 8 min read
Fundamentals of CPU, GPU, and Storage in the Xinchuang Industry
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Dec 10, 2022 · Fundamentals

Comprehensive Overview of System-on-Chip (SoC) Architecture, History, and Market Trends

This article provides a detailed introduction to System-on-Chip (SoC) technology, covering its definition, component hierarchy, IP‑core concepts, historical milestones, typical architectures, instruction‑set families, AI‑enabled variants, and current market dynamics across mobile, server, and high‑performance computing domains.

AIHardwareRISC-V
0 likes · 10 min read
Comprehensive Overview of System-on-Chip (SoC) Architecture, History, and Market Trends
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Nov 1, 2022 · Fundamentals

What Pivotal Tech Milestones Happened on October 28? From Nokia to HTML5

This article chronicles notable technology milestones that occurred on October 28, including the births of Nokia founder Fredrik Idestam, microprocessor pioneer Ted Hoff, Microsoft co‑founder Bill Gates, game developer John Romero, as well as key events such as the launch of iFly voice input, the standardization of HTML5, and IBM’s acquisition of Red Hat.

HardwareSoftwareTechnology
0 likes · 14 min read
What Pivotal Tech Milestones Happened on October 28? From Nokia to HTML5
ITPUB
ITPUB
Oct 17, 2022 · Databases

Boost Database Performance: 4 Key Optimization Dimensions Explained

This article explores database optimization from four angles—architecture, hardware, instance parameters, and SQL tuning—detailing practical techniques like distributed caching, read/write splitting, sharding, SSD upgrades, parameter tuning for Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, and DaMeng, and step‑by‑step SQL rewrite with real‑world performance results.

HardwareSQL Tuningdatabase optimization
0 likes · 17 min read
Boost Database Performance: 4 Key Optimization Dimensions Explained
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Oct 16, 2022 · Fundamentals

Overview of CPU and GPGPU Technologies for Server and AI Applications

The article provides a comprehensive overview of the role of CPUs and GPGPUs in modern server architectures and AI workloads, discussing hardware fundamentals, instruction set architectures, market trends, and the emerging importance of heterogeneous computing for high‑performance and energy‑efficient processing.

Artificial IntelligenceCPUGPGPU
0 likes · 8 min read
Overview of CPU and GPGPU Technologies for Server and AI Applications
Efficient Ops
Efficient Ops
Oct 7, 2022 · Fundamentals

What Is Computing Power? From ENIAC to the AI‑Driven Cloud Era

This article explains the concept of computing power, traces its evolution from early mechanical tools to modern cloud and AI accelerators, classifies its types, discusses measurement units, and examines current global trends and future challenges for this critical digital resource.

Hardwarecomputing powerhigh-performance computing
0 likes · 13 min read
What Is Computing Power? From ENIAC to the AI‑Driven Cloud Era
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Sep 14, 2022 · Operations

How to Retrieve Detailed CPU Information on Linux Using Built‑In Commands

This guide explains multiple Linux techniques—such as lscpu, /proc/cpuinfo, lshw, dmidecode, inxi, hardinfo, hwinfo, cpuid, nproc, and hwloc—to display comprehensive CPU details like model name, core count, cache sizes, architecture, and NUMA nodes, with exact commands and example outputs.

CPUHardwareLinux
0 likes · 10 min read
How to Retrieve Detailed CPU Information on Linux Using Built‑In Commands
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Aug 17, 2022 · Fundamentals

Overview of PCIe Evolution: From 3.0 to 7.0 and Future Roadmap

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the PCIe interface evolution, detailing the specifications, version milestones, bandwidth improvements, encoding and signaling changes from PCIe 3.0 through PCIe 7.0, and their impact on data‑center, AI/ML, and consumer hardware.

DataCenterHardwarePAM4
0 likes · 9 min read
Overview of PCIe Evolution: From 3.0 to 7.0 and Future Roadmap
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jun 19, 2022 · Fundamentals

Introduction to the RISC‑V Open Instruction Set Architecture

This article provides a comprehensive overview of RISC‑V, covering its open‑source ISA philosophy, historical development, RISC versus CISC design trade‑offs, modular extensions, basic integer instruction set, register file, common extensions such as M, F, D, C, and examples of commercial implementations, illustrating why RISC‑V has become a leading architecture for modern processors.

HardwareInstruction Set ArchitectureOpen ISA
0 likes · 10 min read
Introduction to the RISC‑V Open Instruction Set Architecture
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jun 16, 2022 · Fundamentals

FPGA Market Overview, Architecture, and Applications

The article outlines FPGA's strong performance and versatility, presents recent market growth figures and drivers, explains the basic architecture and firmware development process, and highlights key applications in automotive, communications, and computer‑vision systems, emphasizing its expanding role in AI and deep‑learning solutions.

AIApplicationsFPGA
0 likes · 8 min read
FPGA Market Overview, Architecture, and Applications
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jun 7, 2022 · Fundamentals

What Is a Server? Understanding Its Hardware, Components, and Software

This article provides a concise overview of servers, defining them as high‑performance computers that serve client machines, and walks through their core hardware components, internal technologies, and the essential software and applications that enable server functionality.

HardwareSoftwareTechnology
0 likes · 4 min read
What Is a Server? Understanding Its Hardware, Components, and Software
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Jun 1, 2022 · Fundamentals

How HW‑RTOS Eliminates OS Overhead for Hard Real‑Time Performance

This article explains the real‑time requirements of industrial control, the limitations of traditional OS kernels, and how Linux RT‑Preempt, Xenomai dual‑kernel, and especially hardware‑assisted RTOS (HW‑RTOS) can dramatically reduce latency, interrupt disable periods, and API execution jitter to achieve hard‑real‑time behavior.

CPU schedulingHardwareRTOS
0 likes · 30 min read
How HW‑RTOS Eliminates OS Overhead for Hard Real‑Time Performance
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
May 20, 2022 · Fundamentals

Why SSDs Outperform HDDs: Inside the Mechanics of Modern Storage

This article explains why solid‑state drives outperform mechanical hard drives by detailing their distinct operating principles, covering HDD magnetic storage, SSD floating‑gate transistors, and how these differences affect data writing, reading, erasing, and overall performance, especially for random access.

HDDHardwareSSD
0 likes · 7 min read
Why SSDs Outperform HDDs: Inside the Mechanics of Modern Storage
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Apr 13, 2022 · Fundamentals

Understanding Servers: Architecture, Types, and the X86 vs ARM Debate

This article provides a comprehensive overview of servers, covering their definition, logical and hardware architecture, firmware and operating systems, various classification schemes, and a detailed comparison of X86 and ARM server platforms in the context of modern cloud computing.

ARMCloud ComputingHardware
0 likes · 15 min read
Understanding Servers: Architecture, Types, and the X86 vs ARM Debate
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Apr 11, 2022 · Fundamentals

What Is a Server? Exploring Core Components and Software

This guide explains what a server is, outlines its key hardware components, and reviews the essential software and applications that run on servers, providing a comprehensive overview for anyone interested in high‑performance computing systems.

HardwareIT fundamentalsSoftware
0 likes · 2 min read
What Is a Server? Exploring Core Components and Software
IT Services Circle
IT Services Circle
Apr 8, 2022 · Fundamentals

The Rise of Domestic GPUs in China: IP Licensing, Imagination Technologies, and Market Dynamics

Chinese domestic GPU development has accelerated rapidly, driven by fast‑track product launches, strategic IP licensing from firms like Imagination Technologies, and supportive policies, while industry players navigate challenges of patents, design complexity, and market competition to bring full‑function GPUs to market.

ChinaChip DesignGPU
0 likes · 12 min read
The Rise of Domestic GPUs in China: IP Licensing, Imagination Technologies, and Market Dynamics
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Apr 5, 2022 · Fundamentals

Fundamentals of Server CPUs and Architecture Overview

This article provides a comprehensive overview of server CPUs, covering core components, operation stages, performance parameters, Intel TurboBoost, Xeon Scalable naming, Tick‑Tock development, multi‑core and many‑core designs, hyper‑threading, heterogeneous computing, and the differences between CISC and RISC architectures.

CPUHardwareInstruction Set
0 likes · 10 min read
Fundamentals of Server CPUs and Architecture Overview
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Mar 10, 2022 · Industry Insights

What Drives the AI Chip Market? Types, Trends, and Future Outlook

The article provides a comprehensive overview of AI chips, explaining their broad and narrow definitions, core architectures such as GPU, FPGA, and ASIC, deployment scenarios from cloud to edge, training versus inference roles, current market dynamics, major vendors, and emerging application domains like autonomous driving and smart security.

AI chipsASICEdge computing
0 likes · 9 min read
What Drives the AI Chip Market? Types, Trends, and Future Outlook
Refining Core Development Skills
Refining Core Development Skills
Mar 2, 2022 · Fundamentals

Interrupt Mechanism, PIC, APIC, and Interrupt Affinity Explained

This article explains how a CPU handles interrupts using mechanisms like the programmable interrupt controller (PIC), advanced APIC, interrupt vectors, IDT, and how interrupt affinity and CPU affinity can be configured to balance load across multiple cores, illustrating both synchronous exceptions and asynchronous interrupts.

APICCPUHardware
0 likes · 9 min read
Interrupt Mechanism, PIC, APIC, and Interrupt Affinity Explained
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Mar 2, 2022 · Fundamentals

What Is an IDC? A Complete Guide to Data Center Evolution and Architecture

This article explains what an Internet Data Center (IDC) is, outlines its historical development stages, describes its core hardware and supporting infrastructure, and discusses current trends such as cloud computing, modular designs, and green energy initiatives shaping the future of data centers.

Cloud ComputingData CenterHardware
0 likes · 13 min read
What Is an IDC? A Complete Guide to Data Center Evolution and Architecture
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Feb 12, 2022 · Operations

2022 Data Center Industry Landscape Report: Architecture, Equipment, and Emerging Technologies

The 2022 Data Center Industry Landscape Report provides a comprehensive analysis of the data‑center ecosystem, detailing upstream equipment and software providers, mid‑stream service integrators, downstream users, and emerging technologies such as modular micro‑modules, intelligent power distribution, advanced cooling systems, high‑capacity switches, server architectures, storage hierarchies, monitoring platforms, DCIM, and prefabricated modular constructions.

Cloud ComputingCoolingDCIM
0 likes · 14 min read
2022 Data Center Industry Landscape Report: Architecture, Equipment, and Emerging Technologies
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Jan 17, 2022 · Industry Insights

Why Servers Matter: Architecture, Types, and the X86 vs ARM Showdown

Servers, the high‑performance backbone of cloud and data‑center infrastructures, differ from ordinary PCs in stability, hardware, and firmware; they come in various logical and physical forms, are classified by architecture, CPU count, and application, and the market now sees a competitive split between X86 and ARM designs.

ARMData CenterHardware
0 likes · 14 min read
Why Servers Matter: Architecture, Types, and the X86 vs ARM Showdown
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Dec 27, 2021 · Fundamentals

Firmware vs Drivers vs Software: Understanding Their Core Roles

Regardless of whether you use Windows, macOS, or Linux, the distinction between firmware, drivers, and software lies in their design purpose: firmware gives hardware life, drivers act as intermediaries between OS and hardware, and software operates atop the OS to indirectly control hardware.

FirmwareHardwareSoftware
0 likes · 6 min read
Firmware vs Drivers vs Software: Understanding Their Core Roles
dbaplus Community
dbaplus Community
Dec 26, 2021 · Databases

Boost Database Performance: 4 Key Optimization Strategies from Architecture to SQL

From architecture tweaks like distributed caching and read‑write separation to hardware upgrades, DB instance tuning, and concrete SQL refactoring, this guide walks through four optimization layers, illustrates each with diagrams and a full‑scale MySQL case study, and shows how performance can improve up to twentyfold.

HardwareSQL Tuningarchitecture
0 likes · 13 min read
Boost Database Performance: 4 Key Optimization Strategies from Architecture to SQL
NiuNiu MaTe
NiuNiu MaTe
Dec 22, 2021 · Fundamentals

Why Understanding Binary and Encoding Unlocks Computer Fundamentals

This article explores the essence of computing by tracing how basic circuits, binary encoding, and layered abstractions from hardware to software enable modern digital devices, illustrating concepts with bicycle analogies, circuit diagrams, and historical insights into binary's development.

HardwareSoftwareabstraction
0 likes · 15 min read
Why Understanding Binary and Encoding Unlocks Computer Fundamentals
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
OPPO Kernel Craftsman
Dec 3, 2021 · Fundamentals

Touchscreen Technology Overview: Types, Structure, Principles, and Future Trends

The article surveys touchscreen technology, describing its basic three‑layer structure, the operating principles of resistive and capacitive (surface‑ and projected‑type) screens, compares their advantages and limitations, outlines common classifications, and highlights emerging trends toward curved, foldable and flexible displays for modern devices.

CapacitiveDisplay TechnologyHardware
0 likes · 15 min read
Touchscreen Technology Overview: Types, Structure, Principles, and Future Trends
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Dec 1, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding DRAM: Evolution, Architecture, and Future Trends

This article provides a comprehensive overview of DRAM technology, covering its historical evolution, JEDEC compatibility standards, architectural fundamentals, various DDR generations, GDDR variants, and the different DIMM implementations such as UDIMM, RDIMM, and FB‑DIMM, while highlighting current design challenges and future directions.

DDRDIMMDRAM
0 likes · 11 min read
Understanding DRAM: Evolution, Architecture, and Future Trends
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Dec 1, 2021 · Artificial Intelligence

AI DSA: Architecture Features, Industry Trends, and Software Stack Challenges

The article summarizes Dr. Tang Shan's presentation on AI domain‑specific architectures, covering their background, the explosion of diverse AI hardware designs, and the significant software‑stack challenges that arise from fragmented tools and the need for full‑stack solutions.

AIDSAHardware
0 likes · 14 min read
AI DSA: Architecture Features, Industry Trends, and Software Stack Challenges
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Nov 4, 2021 · Fundamentals

Demystifying NVMe: From Protocol Basics to PCIe Register Configurations

This comprehensive guide explains the NVMe specification, covering terminology, SSD architecture, PCIe register layout, queue structures, arbitration mechanisms, data addressing methods, command formats, controller operation, reset procedures, interrupt handling, and advanced features such as firmware updates and end‑to‑end data protection.

HardwareNVMePCIe
0 likes · 24 min read
Demystifying NVMe: From Protocol Basics to PCIe Register Configurations
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Oct 28, 2021 · Artificial Intelligence

GPU Technology Overview: Architecture, Market Landscape, and Key Application Directions

This article provides a comprehensive overview of GPU technology, covering its multi‑core architecture, market oligopoly among Intel, NVIDIA and AMD, classifications of integrated and independent GPUs, and the three major application trends of gaming performance, artificial intelligence/deep learning, and autonomous driving.

Artificial IntelligenceGPUGaming
0 likes · 14 min read
GPU Technology Overview: Architecture, Market Landscape, and Key Application Directions
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Oct 10, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding Hardware and Linux Stacks: From Function Calls to Multitasking

This article explains the concept of a stack as a LIFO data structure, its hardware implementation in CPUs, how it supports function calls and multitasking, and details the four types of stacks used in Linux—including process, thread, kernel, and interrupt stacks—along with code examples and diagrams.

Function CallHardwareLinux
0 likes · 20 min read
Understanding Hardware and Linux Stacks: From Function Calls to Multitasking
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Oct 7, 2021 · Fundamentals

Inside Apple’s M1 Chip: A 350‑Page Reverse‑Engineering Deep Dive

A former Apple developer has released a 350‑page reverse‑engineering report that dissects the M1 ARM chip’s architecture, performance, and cache design, offering detailed experiments, patent analysis, and insights for readers with strong CPU knowledge while highlighting the challenges of opening Apple’s closed hardware ecosystem.

ARM architectureApple M1CPU analysis
0 likes · 5 min read
Inside Apple’s M1 Chip: A 350‑Page Reverse‑Engineering Deep Dive
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Sep 21, 2021 · Operations

Mastering lspci: List and Inspect All PCI Devices on Linux

This guide explains how to use the lspci command to display all PCI bus information, interpret its common options, and provides practical examples for listing devices, showing detailed info, and filtering by vendor, class, or connection type.

HardwarePCIcommand-line
0 likes · 3 min read
Mastering lspci: List and Inspect All PCI Devices on Linux
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Sep 8, 2021 · Industry Insights

Why CPUs Remain the Backbone of Emerging Tech and What Opportunities Lie Ahead

The article explains the fundamental role of CPUs in modern computing, reviews their historical development, analyzes the current market dominated by foreign giants, highlights policy‑driven growth of domestic processors, and outlines how emerging fields like 5G, cloud, AI and IoT create new demand and opportunities for CPU innovation.

CPUHardwareIndustry Trends
0 likes · 5 min read
Why CPUs Remain the Backbone of Emerging Tech and What Opportunities Lie Ahead
Liangxu Linux
Liangxu Linux
Sep 2, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding x86 Interrupts: Vectors, Descriptors, and Handling Mechanisms

This article explains the fundamentals of x86 interrupt handling, covering the distinction between interrupt vectors and descriptors, classification of internal and external interrupts, the role of the 8259A PIC, how interrupt numbers are assigned, and the mechanisms for saving and restoring CPU state during an interrupt.

CPUHardwareinterrupt handling
0 likes · 15 min read
Understanding x86 Interrupts: Vectors, Descriptors, and Handling Mechanisms
21CTO
21CTO
Aug 14, 2021 · Artificial Intelligence

Meet Xiaomi’s CyberDog: How a $10,000 Bionic Robot Is Changing the Game

Xiaomi unveiled its bionic quadruped robot, CyberDog (nicknamed “铁蛋”), featuring a Jetson Xavier NX AI brain, 32 N·m torque servomotors, advanced vision and auditory sensors, and a suite of motion capabilities, while offering a limited edition at just 9,999 yuan and promising open‑source hardware and software for developers.

AIHardwarebionic robot
0 likes · 7 min read
Meet Xiaomi’s CyberDog: How a $10,000 Bionic Robot Is Changing the Game
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jul 11, 2021 · Industry Insights

Unlocking the Future of Storage: SCM Technologies and Research Roadmap

Storage Class Memory (SCM) bridges the gap between DRAM and NAND by offering non‑volatile, near‑DRAM speed, and the article surveys major SCM types—PCM, ReRAM, MRAM, NRAM—examines their characteristics, and outlines nine research challenges ranging from system architecture to data reliability and security.

HardwareMemory ArchitectureNon-volatile Memory
0 likes · 15 min read
Unlocking the Future of Storage: SCM Technologies and Research Roadmap
Programmer DD
Programmer DD
Jun 13, 2021 · Artificial Intelligence

How a DIY Engineer Turned a Fixed‑Gear Bike into an Autonomous Machine

In a four‑month weekend project, creator Zhihui Peng transformed a simple fixed‑gear bicycle into a self‑balancing, obstacle‑avoiding autonomous vehicle by adding a momentum wheel, custom motor drivers, ESP32‑based control, a powerful Ascend 310 AI chip, and a suite of sensors, all documented with CAD models and code.

AIHardwareautonomous bike
0 likes · 9 min read
How a DIY Engineer Turned a Fixed‑Gear Bike into an Autonomous Machine
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Jun 2, 2021 · Fundamentals

2021 China Xinchang (Information Technology Innovation) Industry Development Report Overview

The 2021 China Xinchang (information technology innovation) industry development report analyzes the ecosystem, covering hardware components like chips and sensors, foundational software including operating systems, cloud OS, databases and middleware, market participants, and strategic challenges for achieving autonomous, secure IT infrastructure.

ChinaCloud ComputingHardware
0 likes · 12 min read
2021 China Xinchang (Information Technology Innovation) Industry Development Report Overview
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Apr 30, 2021 · Industry Insights

What’s Driving China’s Home‑grown CPU and Software Boom? Insights from the 2020 NetInfo Report

The 2020 NetInfo Autonomous Innovation Report, compiled by over 30 experts and 100 vendors, reviews five years of China’s domestic chip, firmware, OS, whole‑machine, storage, database, middleware, IP network, office software, secure browser and printer developments, analyzes CPU architecture differences, and outlines the competitive landscape of domestic CPU manufacturers.

ChinaDomestic CPUsHardware
0 likes · 13 min read
What’s Driving China’s Home‑grown CPU and Software Boom? Insights from the 2020 NetInfo Report
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Mar 20, 2021 · Fundamentals

Evolution of NVIDIA GPU Architectures from Fermi to Ampere

This article outlines the progression of NVIDIA GPU architectures—from the early Fermi and Kepler designs through Maxwell, Pascal, Volta, Turing, and the latest Ampere—detailing compute capabilities, SM structures, FP64/FP32 ratios, Tensor Core introductions, and their impact on AI and high‑performance computing.

AICUDAGPU architecture
0 likes · 19 min read
Evolution of NVIDIA GPU Architectures from Fermi to Ampere
IT Architects Alliance
IT Architects Alliance
Mar 11, 2021 · Cloud Computing

Server Architecture Overview: 5G Impact, Edge, Cloud, AI Servers, and Key Vendors

This article examines server architecture by analyzing its components, the transformative effects of 5G on computing boundaries and scenarios, the requirements of edge and cloud computing—including edge, AI, and cloud servers—while also reviewing white‑box, open‑source, hardware‑reconstructed, software‑defined servers and major industry vendors.

5GAI serversHardware
0 likes · 3 min read
Server Architecture Overview: 5G Impact, Edge, Cloud, AI Servers, and Key Vendors
Architects' Tech Alliance
Architects' Tech Alliance
Feb 24, 2021 · Fundamentals

Error‑Correcting Code (ECC) Schemes in DDR Memory

The article explains how DDR and LPDDR memory systems use various error‑correcting code (ECC) schemes—including side‑band, inline, on‑die, and link ECC—to provide reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAS) protection against hard and soft memory errors in modern computing devices.

DDRDRAMECC
0 likes · 11 min read
Error‑Correcting Code (ECC) Schemes in DDR Memory
DataFunTalk
DataFunTalk
Feb 20, 2021 · Artificial Intelligence

Challenges and Evolution of Autonomous Driving Infrastructure

This article examines the fundamental architecture of autonomous driving, highlighting the three core technical contradictions—rapid iteration versus functional safety, sensor and compute demands, and hardware performance versus automotive-grade safety—while outlining a staged development roadmap, hardware and software evolution strategies, and the long‑term goal of safe, reliable driverless operation.

AIHardwareInfrastructure
0 likes · 21 min read
Challenges and Evolution of Autonomous Driving Infrastructure
JavaEdge
JavaEdge
Feb 16, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding I/O Buses: How Data Moves Inside and Between Devices

This article explains the purpose of I/O buses, describes common external interfaces like USB, outlines internal bus types such as chip, system, data, address, and control buses, and details various bus arbitration methods with their advantages and drawbacks.

Bus ArbitrationData TransferHardware
0 likes · 5 min read
Understanding I/O Buses: How Data Moves Inside and Between Devices
JD Cloud Developers
JD Cloud Developers
Jan 25, 2021 · Artificial Intelligence

Top Tech Highlights: AI Advances, Open‑Source Rankings, and New Hardware in Jan 2021

This weekly roundup covers ShardingSphere's top‑5 ranking among Chinese‑led open‑source projects, Taro's entry into the 2020 China Open‑Source TOP4, Raspberry Pi Pico's $4 launch, Visual Studio's native WSL 2 support, Elasticsearch's license shift, Facebook's AI for the visually impaired, JD's future‑tech whitepaper, an AAAI paper on modal‑free segmentation, and SimCLR applied to NLP pre‑training.

AIHardwareNLP
0 likes · 6 min read
Top Tech Highlights: AI Advances, Open‑Source Rankings, and New Hardware in Jan 2021
Open Source Linux
Open Source Linux
Jan 22, 2021 · Fundamentals

Understanding Servers: From Basics to Components and Applications

This article presents a comprehensive slide‑based overview of servers, covering their definition, hardware components, related technologies, and the software and applications that run on them, providing a solid foundation for anyone studying IT infrastructure.

HardwareIT fundamentalsSoftware
0 likes · 6 min read
Understanding Servers: From Basics to Components and Applications
Didi Tech
Didi Tech
Dec 25, 2020 · Artificial Intelligence

Autonomous Driving Infrastructure: Foundations, Key Trade‑offs, and Evolution Roadmap

The article outlines DiDi’s six‑year autonomous‑driving research, describing the three‑layer hardware‑onboard‑cloud infrastructure, key trade‑offs such as rapid iteration versus functional safety, sensor resolution versus compute, and hardware performance versus automotive‑grade reliability, and presents a staged evolution roadmap toward fully safe, driverless operation.

AIHardwareInfrastructure
0 likes · 22 min read
Autonomous Driving Infrastructure: Foundations, Key Trade‑offs, and Evolution Roadmap