The PCI‑SIG has released the PCIe 8.0 draft (0.5), promising 256 GT/s (1 TB/s per x16 link) that doubles PCIe 7.0, remains backward‑compatible, and aims to eliminate the bandwidth bottleneck for AI, GPUs, SSDs and CXL, with a spec expected in 2028 and market rollout around 2029‑30.
DeepSeek is hiring senior data‑center operations and delivery managers to run its new facility in Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, offering a 30 K CNY monthly salary and emphasizing a strategy that shifts from algorithmic innovation to low‑cost, high‑efficiency physical infrastructure to support its upcoming V4 trillion‑parameter model.
In a 150‑minute interview with Lex Fridman, Nvidia founder Jensen Huang argues that generative AI is turning data centers from storage warehouses into token factories, redefining compute as a production system and outlining the four‑stage Agent Scaling Law that drives this shift.
Douyin, along with other Chinese internet giants, operates data centers with T‑level (≈1 TB/s) outbound bandwidth, hosts over 200 000 servers, and relies on dual‑link designs, CDN acceleration, and multi‑node load balancing to deliver seamless video streams to hundreds of millions of concurrent users.
The article dissects how CXL emerged to address three fundamental data‑center bottlenecks—memory wall, resource islands, and cache‑incoherence—traces its technical evolution, compares the divergent strategies of Intel, AMD, Nvidia, Google, Alibaba Cloud, and Huawei, and evaluates CXL’s challenges, opportunities, and future ecosystem.
DeepSeek’s latest hiring push reveals a strategic shift from algorithmic research to building and operating a high‑efficiency data center in Inner Mongolia’s Ulanqab, leveraging low‑temperature climate and existing cloud infrastructure to cut TCO, while gearing up for the upcoming V4 trillion‑parameter model.
Alibaba Cloud argues that while CPO (Co‑Packaged Optics) looks perfect on paper, its closed ecosystem and production delays make it impractical for today’s 100k‑GPU AI clusters, and proposes an open, dual‑network architecture—HPN for scale‑out and UPN for ultra‑low‑latency scale‑up—driving a realistic near‑term roadmap for optical interconnect.
Nvidia's GTC 2026 unveiled a suite of next‑generation AI rack systems, groundbreaking chips, open‑source agent frameworks like OpenClaw, and a roadmap that links massive compute power to real‑world applications such as autonomous driving, robotics and space‑based data centers, reshaping the AI ecosystem.
Managing data‑center cabling can quickly become a nightmare, but by applying five practical approaches—from manual sorting with labels to structured cabling, DCIM automation, zone‑based layouts, and minimalist designs—you can dramatically improve organization, cooling, and fault‑resolution speed while keeping costs under control.
Western Digital unveiled a roadmap featuring a 100TB mechanical HDD and a high‑bandwidth HDD design that promises up to eight‑fold speed gains, targeting AI data‑center workloads while acknowledging that consumer availability will lag behind enterprise adoption.
The article explains Google’s TPU data‑center architecture, detailing the vertical Scale‑Up strategy within a SuperPod, the horizontal Scale‑Out across SuperPods, the 3D Torus topology with Twisted variants, and the multi‑layer network design that enables petabyte‑scale AI training and inference.
This article analyzes the technical principles, architectural innovations, and real‑world scenarios of Data Processing Units (DPUs), showing how they resolve storage‑CPU mismatches, eliminate excessive east‑west traffic, and accelerate failure recovery, thereby becoming a core infrastructure for AI and cloud computing.
This article systematically examines the demand, technology stack, and industry landscape of large‑scale AI compute clusters, highlighting the limitations of traditional copper interconnects and presenting device‑level and chip‑level optical interconnect solutions—including OCS, pluggable modules, silicon photonics, VCSEL, and micro‑LED—while outlining current challenges and future directions.
Douyin (ByteDance) operates over 170,000 servers across multiple self‑built data centers with total outbound bandwidth estimated between 7 TB and 10 TB, leveraging dual‑link designs, CDN acceleration, and multi‑node load balancing to support hundreds of millions of concurrent users worldwide.
This article explains how modern data centers rely on the coordinated operation of compute, networking, and storage components—detailing server architectures, AI accelerator trends, high‑speed network designs, and evolving storage technologies—to achieve high performance, scalability, and energy efficiency.
This comprehensive guide presents a standardized operations manual covering over one hundred core maintenance checkpoints across server hardware, network devices, storage systems, operating systems, databases, virtualization platforms, backup solutions, security appliances, and data‑center facilities, helping IT teams ensure stable and reliable service delivery.
Google reveals that a single Gemini query now consumes only 0.24 Wh of electricity, emits 0.03 g CO₂e and uses about five drops of water, thanks to a comprehensive measurement framework and aggressive optimizations across model architecture, quantization, hardware design, and data‑center operations.
A lithium‑ion battery fire at the NIRS data center crippled dozens of Korean e‑government services, exposing the urgent need for better battery safety, robust backup systems, and resilient cloud‑based disaster‑recovery strategies to protect national digital infrastructure.
The article examines how the rapid growth of AI models and workloads is reshaping network design, highlighting the need for ultra‑high bandwidth, sub‑millisecond latency, reliability, scalable topologies like Fat‑Tree and Dragonfly, and robust security and QoS mechanisms across data‑center, cloud, and edge environments.
Nvidia's Rubin CPX GPU, unveiled in September 2025, uses GDDR7 memory and a split‑stage architecture to dramatically boost token‑per‑second rates for long‑context inference, while its integration into third‑generation Oberon servers promises higher power density, improved ROI, and scalable data‑center deployments.
The article examines the soaring electricity demand of data centers worldwide, especially in China, highlights regional distribution and PUE improvements, explores AI's massive power consumption, and outlines green computing strategies such as efficiency upgrades, waste‑heat reuse, and renewable energy integration.
A comprehensive 100‑item checklist guides IT operations engineers through daily inspections of servers, network gear, storage, operating systems, databases, virtualization, backup, security devices, and data‑center infrastructure, ensuring reliable performance, proactive issue detection, and adherence to best‑practice standards.
This article examines how AI large‑model training demands massive GPU clusters and low‑latency, high‑throughput networks, compares Clos/Fat‑Tree, Spine‑Leaf, Dragonfly, Group‑wise Dragonfly+ and Torus topologies, and discusses design choices for scaling to hundreds of thousands of GPUs while noting related data‑center resources.
This article examines ByteDance’s enormous server inventory and data‑center export bandwidth, explaining how T‑level (terabit) connections, dual‑link designs, CDN acceleration, and global data‑center deployments enable billions of users to stream content simultaneously.
The article explains how non‑stacked dual‑ToR and dual‑plane network architectures, combined with single‑chip high‑performance switches and multi‑rail host networking, dramatically improve reliability, load balance, and end‑to‑end training speed for massive AI models such as GPT‑3 175B.
This comprehensive guide explores server fundamentals, covering core concepts, hardware components, software systems, networking, and best practices, providing a detailed overview of servers' roles, architectures, performance metrics, and management techniques essential for modern data center operations.
The article examines CXL interconnect chips—high‑speed, low‑latency devices built on the Compute Express Link protocol—covering their technical fundamentals, supportive policies, industry chain, booming Chinese server market demand, global market forecasts, competitive landscape, and future trends driven by AI and data‑center workloads.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of PCIe interconnect chips, covering their definition, industry classification, development history, policy support, supply‑chain structure, Chinese server market growth, global market size and forecasts, product composition, competitive landscape, and future trends toward higher speeds and lower latency.
This article details Bilibili's approach to handling explosive growth in server count by classifying faults, identifying shortcomings of manual processes, and implementing an automated, end‑to‑end detection, rule‑based alerting, and repair workflow that combines in‑band and out‑of‑band data collection to achieve near‑perfect coverage and accuracy.
The article explains how AI large‑model training demands massive GPU resources and how carefully designed network architectures—such as Clos/Fat‑Tree, Spine‑Leaf, multi‑rail versus single‑rail connections, Dragonfly, and Torus—impact performance, scalability, cost, and reliability, guiding the selection of optimal data‑center networks.
This article compares the main networking technologies used in large‑scale AI GPU clusters—NVLink, InfiniBand, RoCE Ethernet, and the emerging DDC full‑schedule fabric—examining latency, lossless transmission, congestion control, cost, power and scalability to help engineers choose the optimal solution for training massive language models.
AMD's Advancing AI 2025 event unveils the next‑generation Instinct MI350 GPU, the ROCm 7 AI software stack, and the upcoming Helios rack built on MI400 GPUs, Zen 6 EPYC “Venice” CPUs and Pensando NICs, outlining a bold open‑standard AI infrastructure roadmap.
This article outlines the high‑performance networking requirements for AI data center training, compares InfiniBand and RoCE solutions, discusses their advantages in bandwidth, latency, scalability and cost, and provides design guidelines for building scalable, low‑latency, non‑blocking AI‑centric network architectures.
This comprehensive guide walks you through 100 essential data‑center concepts—from basic definitions, tier standards, and modular design to networking layers, storage architectures, compute resources, security measures, operational practices, energy efficiency, emerging technologies, and industry ecosystem—providing a complete knowledge framework for modern digital infrastructure.
This article explains why heterogeneous servers cause CPU performance layering, describes how to detect the issue using metrics such as NUMA hit/miss rates, cache miss ratios and frequency states, and provides step‑by‑step remediation techniques—including NUMA binding, cache isolation, recompilation and frequency locking—to improve resource pooling efficiency in modern data centers.
This comprehensive guide covers 100 fundamental concepts of data center networking, including architecture, protocols, security, virtualization, performance, interconnects, hardware standards, emerging technologies, and industry ecosystems, providing readers with a complete technical foundation for modern digital infrastructure.
This article explains how Douyin, TikTok, Baidu, Alibaba Cloud and Tencent operate self‑built data centers with terabit‑level outbound bandwidth, details ByteDance's server count growth from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands, and describes the CDN technologies that enable billions of users to stream smoothly.
NVLink Fusion, unveiled at Computex 2025, extends NVIDIA’s NVLink technology to enable high‑bandwidth, low‑latency connections between CPUs and GPUs or third‑party accelerators, offering up to 900 GB/s bandwidth, flexible heterogeneous configurations, ecosystem expansion, performance gains for AI training and inference, and potential cost reductions.
This article explains how Douyin (TikTok) and other major Chinese platforms achieve massive concurrent usage by operating data centers with hundreds of thousands of servers, employing terabit-level outbound bandwidth, dual‑link designs, CDN acceleration, and multi‑node load balancing, and provides estimates of server counts and bandwidth capacities.
This article analyzes the concept, core functions, industry chain, infrastructure components, and rapid market growth of AI Data Centers, highlighting their distinction from traditional data centers, regional concentration in eastern China, and projected investment and compute capacity through 2028.
The article explains ByteDance's enormous data‑center bandwidth, server counts, and CDN architecture that enable hundreds of millions of concurrent users on Douyin and TikTok, detailing estimates of total outbound capacity, multi‑link designs, and the role of cloud and IDC resources.
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of modern server architecture, covering the evolution from CISC to RISC, the rise of heterogeneous computing with GPUs and accelerators, diverse form factors, core component technologies, reliability mechanisms, performance benchmarking, certification standards, and emerging trends such as liquid cooling and AI‑native designs.
This article analyzes how the traditional OSI/TCP‑IP model is giving way to RDMA in high‑performance computing, compares Ethernet, InfiniBand and RoCE, evaluates leaf‑spine versus three‑tier data‑center designs, and examines NVIDIA SuperPOD architectures with detailed technical metrics.
The UALink 1.0 specification, driven by AMD, Intel, Broadcom and other industry leaders, introduces an open, low‑latency, high‑bandwidth interconnect that can link up to 1,024 AI accelerators, offering a cost‑effective alternative to Nvidia’s NVLink and reshaping the AI‑HPC market.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of server CPUs, covering their core functions, major architectures such as x86, ARM, POWER and SPARC, key performance metrics, leading manufacturers, typical application scenarios, power‑management techniques, and emerging trends like quantum, photonic, and AI acceleration.
At the OFC 2025 50th anniversary in San Francisco, Alibaba Cloud presented cutting‑edge optical interconnect research and solutions for AI computing and modern data‑center networks, highlighted by invited talks, breakthrough demos, and two data‑driven QoT estimation papers co‑authored with Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
This article details the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of a user‑space MPTCP stack built on DPDK, showing how a layered, zero‑copy architecture and same‑core lock‑free forwarding can boost data‑center throughput by up to 100% while reducing latency by about 10%, all while remaining compatible with existing TCP applications.
AI large‑model training relies on GPU clusters, generating massive inter‑node traffic that turns network performance into the primary bottleneck, prompting a detailed comparison of InfiniBand and RoCE protocols, their histories, strengths, limitations, and the need for next‑generation network chip architectures.
This article examines the role of Data Processing Units (DPUs) in modern data‑center storage networking, detailing their architecture, core offload technologies, three offload modes, and the performance advantages they bring to both bare‑metal and virtualized environments while highlighting trade‑offs and implementation considerations.
NVIDIA’s GTC 2025 keynote outlines the four AI waves—from perception to physical AI—while highlighting the company’s latest Blackwell chips, DGX Spark/Station computers, Dynamo inference accelerator, robotics collaborations, GM autonomous‑driving partnership, and AI‑native 6G efforts, underscoring massive data‑center investment and future challenges.
This article explains how a mixed‑integer programming tool developed by ByteDance's SYS‑DCD team integrates cost, reliability, delivery speed, and environmental metrics to optimize data‑center planning, reduce power waste, and accelerate deployment across multiple regional scenarios.
The rapid rise of AI workloads is driving unprecedented data growth, prompting a transition from HDDs to enterprise SSDs, with solid case studies showing massive reductions in hardware, power consumption, and total cost of ownership, while IDC forecasts all‑flash arrays to dominate the market by 2028.
The 2024 AI server market is booming with global shipments surpassing 1.2 million units in 2023 and projected to reach 1.67 million in 2024, driven by rapid growth in China’s AI compute capacity, distinct training and inference server designs, and facing challenges in GPU quality, high‑speed interconnects, and cooling solutions.
The article details Nvidia’s upcoming RTX 50 consumer GPUs, the Blackwell‑based Grace NVLink72 data‑center super‑chip, and the pocket‑sized Project DIGITS AI system, highlighting specifications, performance claims, pricing expectations, and the broader impact on the GPU market.
This article explains RDMA technology, covering its core principles, programming model with Verbs API, various communication modes, and its impact on data‑center networking, high‑performance computing, and distributed storage, highlighting its low‑latency, zero‑copy advantages over traditional TCP/IP.
Fujitsu’s new Monaka processor, a 144‑core Armv9‑based AI and data‑center CPU built on a 2 nm 3.5D CoWoS platform, promises double the energy efficiency of competing EPYC and Xeon chips by 2027, leveraging DDR5 memory, SVE2 extensions, and advanced security features.
This article compares EOR and TOR data‑center network architectures, explains the characteristics of their respective switches, outlines the advantages and disadvantages of each design, and provides practical guidance for selecting TOR switches and adapting to emerging spine‑leaf topologies.
Intel’s newly released 2023‑2025 Xeon roadmap outlines the upcoming Emerald Rapids, Granite Rapids, Sierra Forest, and Clearwater Forest processors, detailing their core counts, cache sizes, process technologies, and how they aim to compete with AMD’s EPYC line across HPC, AI, and cloud workloads.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of servers, explaining what they are, their logical and hardware composition, firmware and operating systems, various classification schemes, and the ongoing competition between X86 and ARM architectures in modern data centers.
This comprehensive guide introduces the core concepts of server hardware, covering CPU architectures, memory, storage devices and RAID configurations, as well as network interface cards, their classifications, functions, and common standards, providing a solid foundation for understanding modern data center infrastructure.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of servers, explaining what they are, their hardware components, classification by form factor, instruction set and processor count, and examines the market dynamics of X86 versus ARM architectures, supported by recent industry data and cost analyses.
A lithium‑battery fire at Alibaba Cloud's Singapore C zone data centre on September 10 triggered a multi‑day outage that crippled major cloud products, affected dozens of tech companies, and highlighted the challenges of extinguishing battery fires in critical infrastructure.
This article explains what distinguishes core switches from ordinary switches, covering their placement in the network hierarchy, port and performance differences, advanced features such as large buffers, virtualization, TRILL and FCoE, and essential functions like link aggregation, stacking, and hot standby protocols.
The article surveys the network architectures and congestion‑control techniques used in massive GPU clusters—such as Byte’s megascale, Baidu HPN, Alibaba HPN7, and Tencent Xingmai 2.0—highlighting how high‑bandwidth, low‑latency designs and advanced RDMA technologies enable training of trillion‑parameter multimodal AI models.
This article presents a comprehensive reference design and performance evaluation of a 2U four‑node high‑density server employing full liquid‑cooled cold plates for CPUs, memory, storage, NICs, and power supplies, detailing system architecture, flow design, CFD validation, and future optimization directions.
The article provides an in‑depth technical overview of Ampere’s custom‑core AmpereOne A192‑32X 192‑core ARM server processor, covering its architecture, cloud‑native features, performance comparisons with AMD EPYC and Intel Xeon, cooling design, LGA5964 socket details, and benchmark results from real‑world stress testing.
The article analyzes NVIDIA's DGX SuperPOD architectures across three GPU generations—H100, GH200, and GB200—detailing their NVLink/NVSwitch topologies, bandwidth calculations, scalability limits, and the practical challenges of constructing 256‑GPU and 576‑GPU supercomputing clusters.
This white‑paper presents a 2024 reference design and performance evaluation of full‑liquid‑cooling solutions for CPUs, memory, SSDs, PCIe/OCP cards, power supplies and IO boards, detailing architecture, advantages, implementation methods and deployment scenarios for data‑center and telecom applications.
The article explains how data‑center networking, once built from a handful of simple devices, now demands sophisticated layer‑2 and layer‑3 designs to meet higher performance and reliability requirements, and it outlines the evolving architectural patterns that will shape future data‑center networks.
This article details the architecture of a 2U four‑node liquid‑cooled server, explaining its component layout, serial flow design, heat‑capture calculations, and the engineering of CPU, memory, SSD, PCIe/OCP, IO, and PSU cold‑plate solutions that together remove about 95% of heat directly via liquid and the remaining 5% through a rear‑mounted air‑liquid heat exchanger.
The article analyzes how the rapid shift of data‑center spending toward AI/ML has accelerated RDMA and RoCE adoption, outlines market forecasts through 2028, explains the technical advantages of direct memory access, and examines the evolving server, NIC, and backend‑network landscapes that will shape future AI workloads.
The article provides an in‑depth analysis of Ethernet switches, covering downstream data‑center demand, midstream brand versus manufacturing service dynamics, upstream ASIC market size, and three key industry trends such as white‑box decoupling, high‑speed port growth, and market concentration.
This article provides a detailed overview of modern data center architecture, covering physical and IT infrastructure, network topologies such as three‑tier and spine‑leaf, storage solutions like DAS, NAS and SAN, server designs, cloud data‑center components, physical site considerations, and various data‑center deployment models.
The article analyzes Nvidia's Blackwell‑based GB200, HGX B200 and HGX B100 servers, their integration of Blackwell GPUs and Grace CPUs, the shift to PCIe 6.0/7.0, the accompanying Quantum‑X800 InfiniBand platform and 1.6 T optical modules, and projects rapid market growth driven by AI workloads.
The article analyzes the 2022 global and Chinese switch markets, explains how distributed computing and generative AI workloads rely on high‑performance switches, compares Ethernet and InfiniBand technologies—including bandwidth, latency, and cost factors—and outlines major vendor strategies and future trends in the networking industry.
The rapid growth of AI, HPC, and cloud workloads is driving exponential demand for 400G, 800G, and even 1.6T optical modules, prompting a shift in packaging technologies, modulation schemes, and parallel‑lane architectures to meet higher bandwidth and lower‑cost requirements in modern data centers.
The 2024 white paper on China's computing power network outlines the evolution of data centers and IDC services, quantifies the digital economy’s 50.2 trillion RMB size, details a 624.75 billion RMB market in 2022 with a projected 1.06 trillion RMB valuation by 2025, and examines technology, application sectors, and emerging standards driving the industry.
This extensive training program covers everything a data center operations engineer needs—from foundational infrastructure management and server hardware maintenance to advanced network configuration, security hardening, monitoring, fault handling, and practical hands‑on skills for real‑world challenges.
The article examines challenges of traditional server‑based distributed storage in cloud and internet workloads and proposes a new disaggregated compute‑storage architecture leveraging emerging hardware such as EBOF, DPU, CXL, and NVMe to improve resource utilization, performance, reliability, and efficiency.
The article analyzes the limitations of current server‑based distributed storage—such as data‑lifecycle mismatches, performance‑resource trade‑offs, serverless workload demands, and the costly "datacenter tax"—and presents emerging hardware trends and a novel compute‑storage separation architecture that promises higher efficiency, reliability, and scalability for cloud and internet data centers.
This article outlines key design principles—scalability, availability, flexibility, and security—for modern data center networks, compares fabric, overlay, spine‑leaf, and BGP EVPN architectures, and discusses emerging trends such as high‑bandwidth, heterogeneous compute clusters and intelligent, cost‑effective operations.
This article explains what hyper‑converged infrastructure (HCI) is, outlines its core components and key technologies such as virtualization, software‑defined storage and networking, and details the benefits, scalability, high‑availability features, and typical use cases for enterprises adopting HCI.
This article outlines the fundamental design principles for data center networks—scalability, availability, flexibility, and security—and examines key architectures such as Fabric, Overlay, Spine‑Leaf, and BGP EVPN, while also highlighting emerging trends toward higher bandwidth, dense compute, cost efficiency, and intelligent operations.
The rapid growth of AI large‑model training and inference is driving unprecedented demand for compute and high‑speed networking, prompting a shift from traditional GPU clusters to super‑pooled intelligent computing centers that must balance multiple intra‑ and inter‑node interconnect solutions such as NVLink, OAM/UBB, InfiniBand and RoCEv2.
This article compares traditional three‑tier data‑center networking with modern spine‑leaf IP Fabric architectures, highlighting differences in bandwidth, availability, scalability, security, convergence time, multi‑tenant support, ECMP routing, configuration complexity, automation, and cost to help engineers choose the optimal design.
The rapid growth of AI models is widening the gap between compute power and memory bandwidth, but the emerging Compute Express Link (CXL) interconnect offers lower latency, memory sharing, and flexible device topologies that can alleviate the memory‑wall bottleneck and reshape future data‑center architectures.
This article examines Bilibili's data‑center cabling challenges and presents a smart management platform that digitizes design, automates routing with scenario‑based and shortest‑path algorithms, streamlines task creation and operation, ultimately reducing installation time and improving maintenance efficiency.
The rapid growth of AI large‑model training and inference is pushing data‑center networks toward non‑blocking Fat‑Tree topologies and ultra‑high‑speed 400G/800G optical modules to meet massive bandwidth, low‑latency, and multi‑task concurrency requirements.
Hyper‑converged infrastructure (HCI) integrates compute, storage, and networking into a single software‑defined platform, offering simplified management, improved efficiency, seamless scalability, and lower total cost of ownership, making it a preferred architecture for modern data centers and cloud‑native workloads.
This article provides a comprehensive technical overview of InfiniBand, covering its rapid adoption in top supercomputers, detailed performance advantages such as ultra‑high bandwidth, CPU offload, sub‑microsecond latency, flexible scalability, QoS, SHARP acceleration, and a comparison with Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and Omni‑Path, while also outlining HDR switch and NIC product families.
The talk outlines how modern data centers host diverse CPUs (Intel, AMD, Ampere, ARM), the multi‑layer performance‑tuning challenges this creates, and how Baidu Cloud’s one‑click Btune suite automates metric collection, bottleneck identification, and optimization across hardware, kernel, runtime, and application layers.
This article compares traditional three‑tier data‑center networking with modern leaf‑spine IP‑Fabric architectures, detailing bandwidth, availability, scalability, security, and the advantages of BGP EVPN and VXLAN in terms of scalability, convergence, multi‑tenant support, automation, and overall cost.
The article examines the challenges of ultra‑large‑scale HPC networking, compares traditional CLOS with Fat‑Tree, Dragonfly, and Torus topologies, explains their bandwidth and latency characteristics, presents scalability formulas, and evaluates routing algorithms and practical trade‑offs for each design.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of servers, covering their definition, various classification schemes (form factor, CPU architecture, scale, usage, and X86 vs non‑X86), and detailed breakdown of hardware and software components such as CPUs, memory, storage, I/O cards, and management modules.
JD’s Mini‑Program Data Center integrates data collection, storage, and real‑time analysis using Flink, ClickHouse, and Elasticsearch to provide comprehensive monitoring, user behavior insights, and scalable analytics for mini‑programs across JD’s ecosystem, enabling precise operations and future AI‑driven enhancements.
The article compares hyper‑converged infrastructure with the traditional VMware + FC SAN stack, highlighting four architectural differences and showing how hyper‑convergence improves reliability, concurrency performance, scalability, operational simplicity, and total cost of ownership for modern data‑center workloads.
Huawei's newly announced OceanStor Arctic storage system, based on magneto‑electric disk (MED) technology, claims over 10 PB capacity, sub‑2 kW power use and up to 90% energy savings, potentially reshaping the data‑center storage market by 2025.
This article explains how layer‑3 priority flow control uses the DSCP field to map VLAN CoS classes to lossless queues, details the configuration steps for PFC, ETS, and DCBX, and describes congestion scenarios and detection metrics in fused Ethernet data‑center networks.
The article explains ByteDance’s massive data‑center fleet, detailing server counts from 2017 to 2020, estimating total outbound bandwidth in the multi‑terabit range, and describing how CDN, load‑balancing, and multi‑link designs enable billions of users to stream videos simultaneously.
From traditional NICs to smart NICs, FPGA‑based DPUs and single‑chip DPU SoCs, this article analyzes the evolution of network adapters, their hardware capabilities, design challenges, and real‑world deployments by cloud providers such as AWS, Nvidia, Intel, Alibaba Cloud and Volcano Engine.
